Measurement Of PD & Role Of UHF Sensor In

Gas Insulated Substation

Vishal Telang Engineer GIS Noida, 04th December 2008

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

DEFINATION

What is PD?
Partial Discharge (PD), as its name would suggest, is an electrical discharge that occurs across a portion of the insulation between two conducting electrodes, without completely bridging the gap.

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

Macroscopic-physical effects by partial discharges

Macroscopic-physical effects by partial discharges

SERVICE

Heat Light Chemical reaction Dielectric losses Pressure wave, sound High frequency wave (VHF,UHF)

Presented by Vishal TELANG

Some information about PD

Partial discharge is a non distractive test. Partial discharges can occur in voids in solid insulation (paper, polymer etc), gas bubbles in liquid insulation or around an electrode in a gas (corona). The term corona is often used for partial discharges that occur in gaseous media around conductor and therefore corona is a particular kind of partial discharge.

SERVICE

Partial discharge magnitude is measured in pC (Pico Coulomb) The equivalent circuit of a dielectric incorporating a cavity or impurty can be modeled as capacitor

Presented by Vishal TELANG

Why should we test for partial discharge

1. By PD test we can detect weakness or any manufacturing defect of insulating cone. 2. We can observe presence of foreign body particle. 3. For finding out location of defect. 4. To conform dielectric strength of insulating medium(SF6). 5. Critical field intensity or over electric stress point on bus coupling joints. 6. For burning/de ionized potentially harmful dust particle.

SERVICE

7. Find out overall good workmanship during installation. 8. If we didnt find PD point, then it will deteriorated insulation with time & flashover possible after some time.

Presented by Vishal TELANG

UHF Sensors
The UHF (Ultra High Frequency) sensor mounted on the switchgear is used to check the dielectric quality of the facility. The sensor is fitted with aerial located inside gas compartment. The signal received by the sensor is amplified then analysed. It detects any internal malfunction.

SERVICE

UHF Sensor
Presented by Vishal TELANG 6

Role of UHF sensor

When ever PD occurs electromagnetic wave are emitted from test object. These signal have frequency ranging from some 10 MHz to 3GHz i.e. in the band of VHF & UHF. Around GIS test place due to high voltage induction different types of HF electromagnetic wave are exist which interfere VHF signal and distort it but UFH signal are less effecting with background noise and gives very good PD pattern. Due to high S/N ratio for UHF band we are using very sensitive UHF sensor.

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

How UHF sensor work

UHF sensor is a capacitive disk type sensor and work as a highpass filter which allows pass only UHF band frequency signal & block all lower frequency signal. This signal are sent to frequency analyser by HF cable (Coaxial).

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

General arrangement of PD test

With HV set

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

Testing Kit
Without HV set

10

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

10

Voltage Injecting kit

Control & monitoring panel

Compensating reactor Regulating Transformer

Step-up Generating Transformer

SERVICE

SLD
11 Presented by Vishal TELANG 11

SERVICE

Capacitor for measurement of PD

12

Presented by Vishal TELANG

12

Block Diagram

13

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

13

Function of Reactor, Transformer & Coupling capacitor In HV Kit

Variable reactor As our test object have capacitive load it require high capacitive reactive power so for compensate or putting PF near unity, we put variable reactor also it is used to control the inrush current in case of a short circuit or flash over in the tested object. Exciting Transformer It is a step-up transformer used to generate the required highest test voltage levels . Coupling capacitor The coupling capacitor can be used to measure the voltage level applied to the test object or can be used to couple the partial discharge pulses into the measuring circuit.

14

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

14

Points to be remember before starting test

All compartments are filled SF6 gas at rated pressure. All grounding switches of the circuit being tested are in opened position. If VTs are designed for GIS test voltage, one side of the secondary winding
has to be connected to earth and wiring to local cubicle has to be disconnected If VTs not designed for GIS test voltage are removed or insulated by opening of a disconnecter . The secondary winding of all CT must be shorted and grounded. The Ferro-resonant system in VT should be disconnected. Surge arrestor are disconnected from GIS. Power transformer & cable boxes are isolated from GIS & connect to ground. External electromagnetic disturbance such as switching operations, lighting equipment, corona or mobile phone may be prevented because they are main source of noise. All work on GIS are interrupted and staff is warned that a test will be carried out.

15

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

15

Test Sequence for switchgear >300KV

Voltage In KV

520kv 400kv 291kv

SERVICE

3 min
60 s-50HZ

Time 30 s

Conditioning

Max test voltage

Partial Discharge

16

Presented by Vishal TELANG

16

Test sequence

SERVICE
17

Injection Point
Presented by Vishal TELANG 17

Injection Point

Excitation Trafro

18

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

18

Test Report

19

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

19

HV Test Report

20

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

20

Test Sequence for switchgear <300KV

Test voltage at rated frequency

Electrical conditioning

PD measurement

21

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

21

HV Test report

22

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

22

Signature of PD from spectrum analyser

23

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

23

Signature of PD from spectrum analyser

24

SERVICE

Presented by Vishal TELANG

24

Signature of PD from spectrum analyser

Shuffling particle

Moving particle

SERVICE

Jumping particle

25

Presented by Vishal TELANG

25

SERVICE

Thanking you for kind attention

Presented by Vishal TELANG