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Chapter 3.2: Working with Exponents. On the diagram on the bottom, the red 2 is the base number, and the blue 5 is a power. 25 is Exponential form, whereas 2x2x2x2x2 is the expanded form of 25 25 = 2x2x2x2x2 Chapter 3.3: There are several laws in Exponents, which helps to make life easier when simplifying exponents. The Product Rule: So we have an exponent with the same base being multiplied by each other, that being said the following rule would apply: 42 x 48 = 410 Basically, when powers are being multiplied together, and have the same base, the exponents can be added together. The Quotient Rule: So we have an exponent with the same base being multiplied by each other, that being said the following rule would apply: 46 43 = 43 Basically, when the powers are being multiplied by each other, and have the same base the exponents can be subtracted from one another. The Power of a Power Rule: So we have one base exponent, in a bracket or in similar form, we can apply a rule that will make life much easier when solving a problem. [(43)7]= 421 Basically when the powers of a power occur, you can multiply the exponents together, while keeping the same base, this allows for the problem to be solved easier. Rachel Yu Math Exam Review CourseCentral
Chapter 3.4: Co-Efficients and Variables: Expression 7x -4.9t2 Co-Efficient 7 -4.9 variable Variable x T2 The Co-Efficient is a number only. The Variable consists of more variables and their exponents if they exist. Such as: xy2 would be a v
Each of these is one Term Degree of Each Term: X2 = The Degree would be 2 -2a2b1 = The Degree would be 3 So basically you just find the sum of the exponents and you have your degree Degree of Each Polynomial: (The Degree of the Highest Term) 7x2y4 + x6y = 7 Basically this is because you are looking for the term with the HIGHEST degree. That being said x6y would have the highest degree because, no matter what the y has an exponent of one. So 1+ 6 is equal to 7. Chapter 3.5: Like and Unlike Terms: 2x, 5x, and 7x are all like terms, whereas 5xy and 5x are not like terms. Rule: - Like terms have identical variable parts - Unlike terms may be similar, however they are NOT like Adding and Subtracting Like Terms: 4x + 3x = 7x 4x 3x = x 4x + 3 + 2x + 5 = 6x + 8 4x - 3 -2x +5 = 2x + 2 Like so, the variables that are a like, are added together, and the others are either left over, but if they are also a like with something else, they can be added together as well. Thus simplifying the equation. Rachel Yu Math Exam Review CourseCentral
Chapter 3.6: Adding and Subtracting Polynomials So basically break down the equation, remove brackets wherever possible, and group like terms together. If a negative sign occurs be sure to apply integer rule. This is pretty basic Chapter 3.7 The Distributive Property Basically in this, you will be responsible for simplifying algebraic expressions that involve multiplication and division. Suppose you have this equation below, you would multiply 5 by the terms that are in the brackets, because you will need to multiply the 3+8x as a whole, so you multiply them first, to simplify the equation. 5(3 + 8x) = 15 + 40x
CHAPTER
FOUR:
Chapter
4.1:
Solving
Simple
Equations
How
to
solve
a
equation,
basically
in
the
model
shown
below,
we
must
solve
for
x,
to
get
x
we
must
isolate
x
to
be
on
its
own,
so
we
subtract
4
on
each
side
to
make
X
on
its
own.
We
MUST
do
this
on
both
sides
so
that
it
wil
be
equal.
X
+
4
=
13
X
+
4
4
=
13
4
X
=
9
Chapter
4.2:
Multi-Step
Equations
Here
we
have
a
model
where
we
have
the
variable
on
both
sides,
this
will
require
us
to
use
multiple
steps,
basically
we
do
the
same
thing
as
shown
above.
So
basically,
we
must
isolate
x
on
to
one
side.
First
we
must
remove
the
number
on
the
left
side,
so
we
subtract
by
2
on
both
sides,
then
we
must
remove
the
variable
on
the
right
side
so
that
there
will
only
be
one
variable,
so
we
subtract
by
2x.
Finally
we
must
isolate
x,
so
we
divide
both
sides
by
3,
so
that
we
only
have
1
X.
3x
+
2
=
2x
4
3x
+
2
2
=
2x
4
2
3x
2x
=
2x
2x
6
3x
=
-6
3x/3
=
-6/3
Rachel
Yu
Math
Exam
Review
CourseCentral
X = -2 Chapter 4.3: Solving Equations Involving Fractions Typically when solving an equation that involves a fraction, first we would like to get rid of the fraction to simplify the equation. As shown in the model below, we see that there is a fraction, to rid of it, we multiply both sides by 3, and then solve for the equation 1/3(8+x) = 6 3 x 1/3(8+x) = 6 x 3 8 + X = 18 8 8 + X = 18 8 X = 10 Chapter 4.4: Modelling with Formulas Such as the formula for the area of a circle is 2r2. Chapter 4.5 Modelling With Algebra Baby Squirrels collect 4 acorns and hour, however Adult Squirrels collect 2 times the amount in an hour of Baby Squirrels. If there are 2 baby squirrels and 3 adult squirrels how many acorns would be collected in an hour? So we know that the adult squirrel collects 2 times as much as a baby squirrel. So let A represent the adult squirrel and B represent a baby squirrel. A = 2B B = 4 So using the information, we can plug in the variables to solve: 2(B)+ 3 (2B) = Acorns collected 2 (4) + 3 ( 2(4))= Acorns Collected 8 + 3(8) = Acorns Collected 8 + 24 = Acorns collected 32 = Acorns Collected Rachel Yu Math Exam Review CourseCentral
CHAPTER
5:
Chapter
5.1:
Direct
Variation
A
Direct
Variation
is
a
variation
that
is
direct
without
a
constant
of
variation:
Such
as
in
this
case,
Sally
works
for
8
hours
at
MacDonalds,
she
is
paid
$10
per
hour.
The
amount
of
hours
she
works
is
in
DIRECT
relation
with
the
amount
of
money
she
will
make.
So
H
being
the
hours
she
worked
and
10
being
the
amount
she
is
paid
per
hour.
Chapter
5.2:
Partial
Variation
A
Partial
Variation
is
noted
when
a
constant
of
variation
is
available.
For
example,
when
riding
a
taxi
there
is
a
fixed
fee
of
$10.00
right
when
you
get
on,
and
$3.00
per
KM
travelled.
So
the
constant
of
variation
is
the
$10.00,
and
the
$3.00
per
KM
travelled
is
the
other
portion,
making
this
a
partial
variation
CourseCentral