Hannah Harrington-Dunn Chapter 9 outline

1. The Rise of Mass Politics King Mob was the nickname for Jackson and his followers. The expanding electorate a. The voting expanded to all white men in the 1820s. The conservative people didnt want change. The more property someone had, the more power they had. In Rhode Island they had a constitution, which made it so more than one half of men, couldnt vote. Thomas Dorr formed the peoples party and held a convention where a new constitution was drafted and they submitted the popular vote. Rhode Island had two governments in 1842 because the Dorrities set up their own government. The original government made their own constitution so more men could vote, but only so more white men could vote. Slaves, women, African Americans could not. The Alabama Regency led by Dewitt Clinton was a faction. In the late 1820s the idea of the party became accepted. In the 1830s there were two groups formed: the Anti-Jackson (Whigs) and the Jackson followers (democrats). Jackson was the president of the common man.

Jacksons theory of democracy was equal protection and equal benefits to all of the white male citizens. He didnt want to favor regions or classes.

He offered opportunities to the rising class in the West and the South. He and his followers tried to spread democracy through the spoils system.

2. Our Federal Union Calhoun and nullification. Calhoun was the vice president, looking towards being president. He supported the tariff of 1816. The Carolinas wanted to secede. Rise of Van Buron- leader of the democracy party of New York. Jackson went to the kitchen cabinet for advising. Van Buron and Jackson become close. Peggy ONeale was to be cabinet wife. The other wives refused her, which made Jackson furious. Van Buron becomes much closer to Jackson which makes Calhoun get demoted, meaning his dreams of being a president are over. The Nullification Crisis began in 1832. Legislatures summoned state convention where they nullified the tariffs of 1828 and 1832, which forbid the state collection. Jackson said nullification meant treason. The force bill in 1833 authorized the president to use Mulbury to enforce acts.

Henry Clay created a compromise, which lowered the tariff gradually until 1821.

The compromise and force bill was signed on March 1, 1833. Congress nullified the force act and Calhoun and followers claimed victory of nullification.

3. The Removal of Indians The government was finding ways to get the Native Americans out of the way. The Black Hawk war was when the U.S took land in Illinois. Thousands of Native Americans rushed the lands. Illinois started a militia and led troops in to get rid of the Native Americans. The U.S won and killed many Native Americans. The five civilized tribes lived in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. They included Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw. The federal government wanted to move the Native Americans to the West. In 1835 the government offered the Cherokee a treaty that offered 5 million dollars and land with Mississippi. The treaty was declined. Trail of Tears: 1, 000 Native Americans were sent to smoky mountains reservation. Thousands died on the trip to Indian Territory in the winter of 1838. Between 1830 and 1838 all Five Civilized Tribes had to move to new territories.

Indian Intercourse Act of 1834 was relocation. Seminoles were in Florida and refused and the whites gave up the war. The Meaning of Removal: At the end of the 1830s almost all of the tribes moved west. Whites kept moving west which made the white people and Native Americans interact.

A lot of the white people refused to make any contact with the Native Americans.

4. Jackson and the Bank War Biddles Institution was a bank headquarters in Philadelphia and had branches in 29 other cities. Nicholas Biddle was the president of the bank. Jackson wanted to destroy the bank. Soft money was when the advocates and state senators and allies objected the bank because restricted state banks. Hard money believed coin, which meant that only safe currency was used. Jackson only supplied hard money. Clay and Webster worked hard to renew the bank. In 1832 Clay ran for president, but Jackson won. Jackson tried to weaken the bank by removing government deposits. Jackson removed his section of state and replaced it with Roger B. Taney. The government deposits were put in pet banks. The bank died in 1836.

J. Marshall died in 1835 and Taney replaced him.

5. The Emergence of the Second Party System Democrats believed in opening opportunities and material progress. Democrats didnt support chartered banks and corporations, but the Whigs did. Democrats supported the expansion of territories. The Whigs favored expanding the federal government.