1202BPS EXAM PAPER SOLUTIONS 2008.

1. a = 3 + 2i, b = ! 1 + 4i and c = 2 ! 5i
(a) a b = (3 + 2i)(- 1 + 4i) = - 3 + 12i - 2i + 8i2

= - 3 + 12i - 2i + 8(- 1)
= - 3 + 12i - 2i - 8 = (- 3 - 8) + (12 - 2)i

= - 11 + 10 i.

(b)

c
2 - 5i
(2 - 5i)(3 - 2i)
=
=
a
3 + 2i
(3 + 2i)(3 - 2i)
=

6 - 4i - 15i + 10i2
9 - 6i + 6i - 4i2

6 - 4i - 15i - 10
(6 - 10) + (- 4 - 15)i
=
9 - 6i + 6i + 4
9+4

- 4 - 19i
4 19
= - - i.
13
13 13

(c) c =

2 2 + (- 5)2 =

4 + 25 =

29.

(d) c - 3b = 2 - 5i - 3(- 1 + 4i)

= 2 + 5i + 3 - 12i

= (2 + 3) + (5 - 12)i
= 5 - 7i

(e) Im(a + 2b) = Im[(3 + 2i) + 2(- 1 + 4i)]

= Im[3 + 2i - 2 + 8i]
= Im[(3 - 2) + (2 + 8)i] = Im[1 + 10i]
= 10 .

( " 3! %
" 3! % +
2. (a) 5 e 3 i / 4 = 5 * cos $ ' + isin $ ' # 4 &,
) # 4&
!%
!%+
( "
(
"
" !%
" !% +
= 5 * cos $ ! - ' + isin $ ! - ' - = 5 *- cos $ ' + isin $ ' #
# 4&
# 4&,
4&
4&,
) #
)

1 $
! 1
= 5 #+i
2 &%
" 2
= -

5
5
5 2
5 2
5 2 5 2
+
i = +
i = +
i.
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2

(b) z = - 2 - 2 3i = r e i! where r is the modulus and " is the argument of z.

r = z = - 2 - 2 3i =

4 + 12 =

tan! =
!

-2 3
=
-2

(- 2)2 + (- 2 3)2 =

16 = 4.
3

" = arctan 3 =

#
4#
or
.
3
3

Im(z)

Drawing z on the Argand diagram shows

that ! =

4+4!3

-2

Re(z)

4"
is the correct angle.
3

! mod(z) = r = 4 and arg(z) = " =

! z = 4 e 4 i/ 3 .

4
3

- 23

(c) From part (b) w 4 = - 2 - 2 3 i = 4e 4 ! i/3

! w 4 = 4e i(4"/3 + 2k")
! w =

4e

# 4" /3 + 2k" &

i%
('
$
4

2 e i(4"/12 + 2k" /4) =

2 e i("/3 + k"/2) .

Choose k = 0, 1, 2, 3 to give :
k = 0 : w0 =

2e i(!/3 + 0) =

2e i ( /3) .

k = 1 : w1 =

2e i(!/3 + !/2) =

k = 2 : w2 =

2e i(!/3 + 2!/2) =

2e i(! /3 + !) =

k = 3 : w3 =

2e i(!/3 + 3! /2) =

2e i(2!/6 + 9!/6) =

2e i(2! /6 + 3! /6) =

2e i( / 3) , 2e i (5/ 6) ,

! w =

2e i(4 / 3) ,

2e i(5 / 6) .

2e i(4 / 3) .
2e i(11 / 6) .

2e i (11/ 6)

Alternate solution.
From part (b) w 4 = - 2 - 2 3 i = 4e 4 ! i/3

! w 4 = 4e i(4"/3 + 2k")
! w =

4e

# 4" /3 + 2k" &

i%
('
$
4

2 e i(4"/12 + 2k" /4) =

2 e i("/3 + k"/2) .

Choose k = - 1, 0, 1, 2 to give :
k = - 1 : w- 1 =

2e i(!/3 - ! /2) =

k = 0 : w0 =

2e i(!/3 + 0) =

k = 1 : w1 =

2e i(!/3 + !/2) =

k = 2 : w2 =

2e i(!/3 + 2!/2) =

! w =

2e- i(/ 6) ,

2e i(2!/6 - 3!/6) =

2e- i(/ 6) .

2e i ( /3) .
2e i(2! /6 + 3! /6) =
2e i(! /3 + !) =

2e i ( /3) , 2e i(5/ 6) ,

2e i(5 / 6) .

2e i(4 / 3) .

2e i (4 /3)

(d)

!e

cos 3x dx =

!e

Re "# e i3x $% dx

% Re !" e

x i3x #

% Re !" e

(1 + 3i)x #

$ dx =

% Re !" e

x + i3x #

$ dx

(1 + 3i)x
dx
$ dx = Re % e

! 1
$
= Re #
e(1 + 3i)x + C &
" 1 + 3i
%
! 1
$
= Re #
e x e i3x + C &
" 1 + 3i
%

! e x (cos 3x + isin 3x)

= Re #
+C
1 + 3i
#"

$
&
&%

! e x (cos 3x + isin 3x)(1 - 3i)

$
= Re #
+ C&
(1 + 3i)(1 - 3i)
#"
&%
! e x (cos 3x - 3icos 3x + isin 3x - 3i2 sin 3x)
$
= Re #
+C &
2
2
1 - 3i + 3i - 9i
#"
&%
! e x (cos 3x - 3icos 3x + isin 3x + 3sin 3x)
$
= Re #
+ C&
1+9
#"
%&
! e x (cos 3x + 3sin 3x - 3icos 3x + isin 3x)
$
= Re #
+ C&
10
#"
&%
! ex
$
ex
= Re # (cos 3x + 3sin 3x) + i
(sin 3x - 3cos 3x) + C &
10
#" 10
&%
=

ex
(cos 3x + 3 sin3x) + Re(C)
10

3.
(a)

! (x + 5)e

3x

dx

Integration by parts

Let u = x + 5 and

dv
= e 3x
dx

du
1
= 1 and v = " e 3x dx = e 3x .
dx
3

" (x + 5)e

3x

1
1 3x
dx = (x + 5) e 3x - #
% e dx
$3
3
=

1
1
(x + 5)e 3x - ! e 3x dx
3
3

1
1 !1
$
(x + 5)e 3x - # e 3x & + C
3
3"3
%

1
1
(x + 5)e 3x - e 3x + C
3
9

" 3x + 7
(b) $ 2
dx
# x + 3x ! 4

3x + 7
x 2 + 3x - 4

Partial fractions

3x + 7
A
B
=
+
(x - 1)(x + 4)
x-1
x+4
=

A(x + 4) + B(x - 1)
(x - 1)(x + 4)

! 3x + 7 = A(x + 4) + B(x - 1).

Let x = 1 ! 10 = 5A + 0 ! A = 2.
Let x = - 4 ! - 5 = 0 - 5B ! B = 1.

3x + 7
x 2 + 3x - 4

2
1
+
.
x-1
x+4

" 3x + 7 dx = " % 2 + 1 ( dx = 2" dx + " dx

! $ 2
$
$
$'
#x-1
#x+4
# x + 3x - 4
x + 4 *)
# &x - 1
= 2 ln x - 1 + ln x + 4 + C.

6
!
(c) # 2
dx
" x + 8x + 20

Denominator cannot be factorized, therefore need to

complete the square.

Note that x 2 + 8x + 20 = (x + 4)2 + 4.

6
6
"
"
! $ 2
dx = $
dx.
# x + 8x + 20
# (x + 4)2 + 4

Now need to use the substitution u = x + 4 !

du
= 1 ! du = dx.
dx

6
1
"
" 6
"
! $
dx = $ 2
du = 6$ 2
du
2
#u +4
# u + 22
# (x + 4) + 4

u$
!1
= 6 # arctan & + C
2%
"2
= 3 arc tan

x+4
+ C.
2

Alternate solution
Note that x 2 + 8x + 20 = (x + 4)2 + 4.

6
6
"
"
! $ 2
dx = $
dx.
# x + 8x + 20
# (x + 4)2 + 4
let x + 4 = 2 tan ! "

dx
= 2sec2! " dx = 2sec2! d!
d!

" 2sec 2 % d%
6
"
! $
dx = 6$
=
2
# (x + 4)2 + 4
# (2 tan%) + 4
" 2sec2! d!
= 6$
=
$ 4 tan2 ! + 1
#
6
= " d! = 3! + C
2
x+4
= 3 arc tan
+ C.
2

" 2sec2% d%
6$
# 4 tan2 % + 4
" 2sec2! d!
6$
# 4sec 2 !

4. (a) w(t) = volume of water (in litres) in the pool at time t (in minutes).
Rate of change of the volume of water in the pool
= rate at which water is flowing into the pool
rate at which water is flowing out of the pool
Rate at which water is flowing into the pool = 25 l/min.
Rate at which water is flowing out of the pool
= rate at which water is flowing out of the hole
+ rate at which water is flowing out of the crack
= kw2 + bw, where k and b are constants.
!

dw
= 25 - kw 2 - bw .
dt

The pool initially contains 40 litres of water

! w(0) = 40 .
!

dw
= 25 - kw 2 - bw
dt

dy
2x + 5x 4
=
(b)
dx
y3

" (2x + 5x

"y

1 4
y = x2 + x5 + C
4

dy =

y(0) = 2

with

with w(0) = 40

separable equation

) dx

! y 4 = 4x 2 + 4x 5 + 4C

! y = 4x 2 + 4x 5 + 4C

1/4

but y(0) = 2, therefore when x = 0, y = 2

! 2 = 4 " 0 2 + 4 " 0 5 + 4C

1/4

! 2 = (4C)1/4

! 2 4 = 4C

"

16 = 4C

! y = 4x 2 + 4x 5 + 16

1/ 4

(c) x

dy
+ y = x3
dx

1.

first order linear equation

Rewrite the equation into standard form.

dy
1
+ y = x2 .
dx
x

2.

Calculate the integrating factor I(x).

I(x) =

!1
# dx
e" x

= e ln x = x .

3.

4.

Multiply both sides of the d.e. by I(x).

! x

dy
1
+ x y = x " x2
dx
x

! x

dy
+ y = x3 .
dx

Rewrite LHS as

d
[ I(x)y ] .
dx

d
( xy ) = x 3 .
dx

d
dy
!
( xy ) = x + y $%
"check that
dx
dx
#
&
5.

Integrate both sides of the d.e. with respect to x.

! xy =

"x

! xy =

1 4
x +C
4

dx

1 4
x +C
4
! y =
x
! y =

1 3 C
x + .
4
x

5. (a) y!! - y! - 2y = 0
Let y = e kx

second order homogeneous equation

dy
d2y
= ke kx and
= k 2 e kx .
2
dx
dx

dy
d2y
and
Substituting y,
into the above d.e. to find k gives
dx
dx 2

k 2 e kx - ke kx - 2e kx = 0
! k2 - k - 2 = 0

(k

- k - 2 e kx = 0

as ekx " 0.

! (k - 2)(k + 1) = 0

! k = - 1, 2
! y = Ae- x + Be 2x .

(b) y!! - y! - 2y = - 20 cos2x

with y(0) = 3 ,

y!(0) = 8

second order inhomogeneous equation

1.

Find y H , the solution to the homogeneous equation.

From (a), y H = Ae- x + Be 2x .

2.

Guess y P , which is a solution to the original d.e. and find y!P and y!!P .
Let y P = D cos 2x + E sin 2x .

! y P " = - 2Dsin 2x + 2E cos 2x

! y P "" = - 4D cos 2x - 4E sin 2x .
3.

Substitute for y P , y!P and y!!P back into the original d.e. to determine the
unknown constants D and E.
! - 4D cos 2x - 4E sin 2x - (- 2Dsin 2x + 2E cos 2x ) - 2 ( D cos 2x + E sin 2x )

= - 20 cos 2x
! - 4D cos 2x - 4E sin 2x + 2Dsin 2x - 2E cos 2x - 2D cos 2x - 2E sin 2x

= - 20 cos 2x

! (- 4D - 2E - 2D)cos 2x + (- 4E + 2D - 2E)sin 2x = - 20 cos 2x

! (- 6D - 2E)cos 2x + (2D - 6E)sin 2x = - 20 cos 2x
9

! equating coefficients gives

coefficient of sin 2x ! 2D - 6E = 0 ! D = 3E
coefficient of cos 2x ! - 6D - 2E = - 20 but D = 3E

! - 6(3E) - 2E = - 20 " - 20E = - 20

! E =1
but D = 3E ! D = 3 " 1 ! D = 3.

! y P = 3 cos 2x + sin2x .
4.

Find the general solution y = y H + y P .

! y = Ae- x + Be 2x + 3 cos 2x + sin 2x .

But we have been given the initial conditions y(0) = 3, y!(0) = 8 which
will allow us to find values for A and B.
If y = Ae- x + Be 2x + 3cos 2x + sin 2x
then y! = - Ae- x + 2Be 2x - 6 sin 2x + 2 cos 2x
! y(0) = 3 " 3 = Ae0 + Be 0 + 3cos 0 + sin 0

! 3 = A+B+3+0 ! A+B = 0
! y"(0) = 8 # 8 = - Ae0 + 2Be 0 - 6 sin 0 + 2 cos 0

! 8 = - A + 2B - 0 + 2

! - A + 2B = 6

Adding the 1st equation and the 2nd equation gives

3B = 6 ! B = 2
but A + B = 0 ! A + 2 = 0 ! A = - 2 .

Alternatively
A + B = 0 ! A = - B and substitute this into - A + 2B = 6

! B + 2B = 6 " 3B = 6 " B = 2
but A = - B

! A = - 2.

! y = - 2 e- x + 2 e 2x + 3 cos 2x + sin 2x .

10

!3
6. P = ## 0
#" 4

- 2$
1 &&
- 1 &%

and

P is a (3 ! 2) matrix

!4
Q = #
"1

- 2$
.
1 &%

Q is a (2 ! 2) matrix

(a) PQ is (3 ! 2)(2 ! 2) matrix

" possible # (3 ! 2) matrix

same

QP is (2 ! 2)(3 ! 2) matrix

" not possible

not same
P2 is (3 ! 2)(3 ! 2) matrix

" not possible

not same
! 3 - 2$
!4 - 2$
PQ = ## 0
1 && #
1
1 &%
#" 4 - 1 &% "
" 3 ! 4 + (- 2)1
= $$ 0 ! 4 + 1 ! 1
$# 4 ! 4 + (- 1)1
!10
= ## 1
#"15

3(- 2) + (- 2)1%
"12 - 2
'
0(- 2) + 1 ! 1 ' = $$ 0 + 1
$#16 - 1
4(- 2) + (- 1)1'&

- 8$
1 && .
- 9 &%

11

- 6 - 2%
0 + 1 ''
- 8 - 1 '&

! 3$
(b) If # & is an eigenvector of the matrix Q then
"1 %
! 3$
! 3$
Q# & = k # &
"1 %
"1 %
! 3$
!4
Q# & = #
"1 %
"1

where k is a constant.
- 2 $ ! 3$
1 &% #"1 &%

" 4 ! 3 + (- 2)1%
"12 - 2 %
= $
= $
'
'
# 1! 3 + 1!1 &
# 3 + 1&
!10 $
! 3$
= # & ' k# &
"4%
"1 %
" 3%
" 3%
! Q$ ' ( k $ '
#1 &
#1 &
"3 %
! $ ' is NOT an eigenvector
#1 &

(c) To calculate the eigenvalues, #, of Q :

# must satisfy det(Q - #I) = 0.

! det(Q - "I) = 0
!

4-"

-2

1-"

= 0

! (4 - ")(1 - ") - 1(- 2) = 0

! 4 - 4" - " + " 2 + 2 = 0
! " 2 - 5" + 6 = 0

! (" - 2)(" - 3) = 0
! " = 2, 3 are the eigenvalues
For the eigenvector corresponding to each eigenvalue, find u such that
!
(Q - !I)u = 0
!
!
- 2 & #u &
#4 - "
#0 &
!%
= % (
(
%
(
1 - " ' $v'
$ 1
$0 '
12

for ! = 2

!2
#1
"

- 2 $ !u $
!0 $
= # &
&
#
&
- 1% " v %
"0 %

! 2u - 2v = 0

one equations is a multiple of the other

u- v = 0
!

u- v = 0

u = v

"u %
"u %
"1%
! $ ' = $ ' = $ 'u
#v&
#u &
#1&
#1 &
! for " = 2, the eigenvector is % (
$1 '
for ! = 3

!1
#1
"

- 2 $ !u $
!0 $
= # &
&
#
&
- 2 % "v%
"0 %

! u - 2v = 0

both equations are the same

u - 2v = 0
!

u - 2v = 0

u = 2v

"u %
" 2v %
"2 %
! $ ' = $ ' = $ 'v
#v&
#v&
#1 &
#2 &
! for " = 3, the eigenvector is % ( .
$1 '

13

(d)

5y

2z

= -5

(1)

3x

14y

3z

= -8

(2)

4x

18y

3z

= - 8.

(3)

5y

+ 2z

-5

(1)

(2) 3(1) !

3z

(2a)

(3) 4(1) !

2y

5z

12

(3a)

5y

+ 2z

-5

(1)

3z

(2a)

(3b)

y
2(2a) (3a) !
(3b) ! z = - 2

(2a) ! y - 3(- 2) = 7 ! y + 6 = 7 ! y = 1
(1) ! x - 5(1) + 2(- 2) = - 5 ! x - 5 - 4 = - 5

! x - 9 = - 5 ! x = 4.

! x = 4, y = 1, z = - 2.

14

!1
7. G = ## 1
#" 2

- 1$
1 &&
1 &%

4
3
6

1 4

-1

(a) det G = 1 3
2 6

= 1

3 1
6 1

1
- 4

1 1
2 1

- 1

2 6

= 1(3 ! 1 - 6 ! 1) - 4(1 ! 1 - 2 ! 1) - 1(1 ! 6 - 2 ! 3)

= 1(3 - 6) - 4(1 - 2) - 1(6 - 6) = 1(- 3) - 4(- 1) - 1 ! 0
= - 3 + 4 + 0 = 1.

(b) As det G 0, the inverse of G exists.

(c)

4y - z

3y + z

2x

6y + z

0.

These equations can be written as

!1 4
#1 3
#
#" 2 6

- 1$ ! x $
!0 $
&
#
&
1& # y & = ## 0 &&
#" 0 &%
1&% #" z &%

or Gx = 0
!
!
! either det G = 0 or x = 0
! !
But from part(a), det G ! 0 " x = 0
! !
! x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 is the only solution.
.

15

!1 4
#
#1 3
#" 2 6

(d)

!1
#
R1 - R2 # 0
2R1 - R3 #" 0

- 1 1 0 0 $ R1
1 0 1 0 && R2
1 0 0 1 &% R3

-11

-2 1

-1

-32

!1 4
#
#0 1
2R2a - R3a #" 0 0
!1 4
#
#0 1
- R3b #" 0 0

-11
-2 1
-10

-2 1

-1

10

R1a - 4R2b ! 1 0 0 - 3
#
#0 1 0 1
#" 0 0 1 0
! G

-1

"- 3
= $$ 1
$# 0

- 10
3
2

0 0 $ R1
- 1 0 && R2a
- 2 1 &% R3b

-11

R1 + R3c ! 1 4 0 1 2
#
R2a + 2R3c # 0 1 0 1 3
#" 0 0 1 0 2

0 $ R1
0 && R2a
- 1&% R3a

0 $ R1
0 && R2a
- 1&% R3c

- 1 $ R1a
- 2 && R2b
- 1 &% R3c
- 10
3
2

7 $ R1b
- 2 && R2b
- 1 &% R3c

7%
- 2 '' .
- 1 '&

16

(e)

4y - z

-1

3y + z

2x

6y + z

3.

These equations can be written as

!1 4
#1 3
#
#" 2 6

- 1$ ! x $
! - 1$
&
#
&
1& # y & = ## 2 &&
#" 3 &%
1&% #" z &%

! Gx = b
!
!
-1
! G Gx = G- 1b
!
!
-1
! Ix = G b
!
!
-1
! x = G b
!
!
"x %
" - 3 - 10
$
'
! $ y ' = $$ 1
3
2
#$ z &'
#$ 0

7 % " - 1%
- 2 '' $$ 2 ''
- 1 '& $# 3 '&

"(- 3)(- 1) + (- 10)2 + 7 ! 3%

" 3 - 20 + 21%
$
'
= $ 1(- 1) + 3 ! 2 + (- 2)3 ' = $$ - 1 + 6 - 6 ''
$# 0(- 1) + 2 ! 2 + (- 1)3 '&
$# 0 + 4 - 3 '&
! 4$
= ## - 1 &&
#" 1 &%

! x = 4, y = - 1, z = 1 .

17

8. (a) 20 socks - 2 white socks, 6 black socks, 8 red socks, 4 green socks.
(i) P(black or white) = P(black) + P(white) =

6
2
8
2
.
+
=
=
20
20
20
5

(ii) P(both green) = P(first green)P(second green|first green)

=

4
3
1 3
3
.
!
=
!
=
20 19
5 19
95

(iii) P(one red and one white)

= P(first red and second white) + P(first white and second red)
= P(first red)P(second white|first red) + P(first white)P(second red|first white)
=

8
2
2
8
2 2
2 2
4
4
8
!
+
!
=
!
+ !
=
+
=
20 19
20 19
5 19
5 19
95
95
95

(iv) P(at most one green) = 1 P(both green) = 1 -

3
92
.
=
95
95

(b) P(Chemistry) = 0.4, P(Physics) = 0.1, P(Chemistry/Physics) = 0.8.

(i) P(Chemistry AND Physics) = P(Chemistry/Physics)P(Physics)

= 0.8 ! 0.1 = 0.08

(ii) P(Physics/Chemistry) =
=

P(Chemistry AND Physics)

P(Chemistry)
0.08
= 0.2.
0.4

(iii) P(Chemistry OR Physics)

= P(Chemistry) + P(Physics) - P(Chemistry AND Physics)

= 0.4 + 0.1 - 0.08 = 0.42

18

9. (a) success = child with red hair

binomial distribution

p = 0.2
(i) Here p = 0.2, N = 10, r = 3 and use binomial tables provided
P(3 with red hair) = 0.201.
(ii) Here p = 0.2, N = 10 and use binomial tables provided
P(at most 2 with red hair)
= P(0 with red hair) + P(1 with red hair) + P(2 with red hair)
= P(r = 0) + P(r = 1) + P(r = 2)
= 0.107 + 0.268 + 0.302 = 0.677.
(iii) mean number of children with red hair = Np = 10 ! 0.2 = 2 .
variance = Npq = 10 ! 0.2 ! (1 - 0.2) = 10 ! 0.2 ! 0.8 = 1.6 .

(b) P(none of 12 children have red hair) = P(a child does not have red hair)12

= [1 - P(child has red hair)]

12

= [1 - 0.2 ]

12

19

= (0.8)12 .

(c)
Let X = number on dogs.

(x i

- x)

X = xi

P( X = x i )

x i P( X = x i )

xi - x

0.3

0 ! 0.3 = 0

0 1 = -1

(-1)2

0.5

1 ! 0.5 = 0.5

11=0

0.1

2 ! 0.1 = 0.2

21=1

0.1

3 ! 0.1 = 0.3

31=2

( 0 )2 = 0
(1)2 = 1
( 2 )2 = 4

=1

(x i

- x ) P( X = x i )
2

1 ! 0.3 = 0.3
0 ! 0.5 = 0

1 ! 0.1 = 0.1
4 ! 0.1 = 0.4
variance
= sum of this column
= 0.8

mean = x
= sum of this
column
= 1.

(i) mean number of dogs = 1.

(ii) variance in the number of dogs = 0.8.

20