Conversions Kinematics Units

1000 mg = 1 g , avg v = ∆x/∆t = (x - x0)/(t- t0)

1000 g = 1 kg , avg a = ∆v/∆t = (v - v0)/(t- t0)
100 cm = 1 m , v = x/t (constant velocity/speed) ,v (m/s)
1000 m = 1 km , v = v0 + a t No x ,v0 (m/s)
1000 anythings = 1 kilo anything , x = ½ (v + v0)t No a a (m/s2)
1000 milli anythings = 1 anything , x = v0t + ½ a t2 No v x (m)
To change micro (µ) to base unit tack on E-6 , v2 = v02 + 2 a x No t t (s)
To change nano (n) to base unit tack on E-9
To change pico tack on E-12 Newton’s Law/Forces F (N)
To change mega (M) to base unit tack on E6 Fg = mg = 9.8 m (on Earth) ,m (kg)
To change giga (G) to base unit tack on E9 Fnet = ma = (+)’s – (-)’s Ffriction = µ FN g (m/s2)
To change tera (T) to base unit tack on E12 Fgx = F = Fg sinθ Fgy= F⊥ = Fg cosθ µ (none)
For level ground Ffriction= µmg θ (°)
3 ft = 1 yd
12 in = 1 ft Circular motion
1 mi = 5280 ft T = 1/f v = 2πr/T T (s)
1 mi = 1760 yd , ac = v2/r Fc = m(v2/r) ,f (Hz, rps,
3.28 ft = 1 m Universal Law of Gravitation Fg = GMm/r2 s-1)
1.61 km = 1 mi G = 6.67 X10-11 N•m2/kg2 r (m)
2.54 cm = 1 inch
v = 2πrf ac = 4π2r/T2
1 ft = 30.48 cm
Fc = m4π2r/T2 g = GM/r2
1 min = 60 s v2 = rµg v2 = GM/r
1 h = 60 min 4π r = GMT2 (Granddaddy!)
2 3

1 h = 3600 s
1 yr = 365.24 days Work and Energy
K = ½ mv2 U = mgh W = Fx (F&x ||) P = W/t K (J)
2.20 lb = 1 kg Wdone + U0 + K0 = U + K + Wfriction *** U (J)
454 g = 1 lb WE theorem: Fx + ½ mv02 = ½ mv2 (W = ∆K) W (J)
1cm3 = 1 mL (for water @ 4°C) Famous height velocity conversion: v = 2 gh P (W)
0.264 gal = 1 L 2 2
Fpx + mgh0 + ½ mv0 = mgh + ½ mv + Ffx
1 calorie = 4.186 J
Fpx+mgh0+½mv02 = mgh+½mv2 + Wlost due to friction
1 hp = 745.7 W
Impulse and Momentum
1 eV = 1.6 E –19 J
p = mv Ft = mv – mv0
1 u = 1.6605 E –27 kg , p (kg•m/s)
Conservation of momentum p00 = p OR ∆p = 0
1 u = 931.49 MeV Ft (N•s)
v10 +v1 = v20 +v2 (for perfectly elastic collisions)
1 N = 1 kg•m/s2
Waves and Simple Harmonic Motion
1 J = 1 N•m = 1 kg•m2/s2 (1) total time*frequency
1 W = 1 J/s = 1 kg•m2/s3 #waves = (2) total time/period
1 Pa = 1 N/m2 = kg/(m•s2) (3) total distance/λ
Speed of sound = 343 m/s
CONSTANTS Speed of light c = 2.9979 X 108 m/s λ (m)
Gravitational acceleration g=9.8 m/s2=32.2 ft/s2 I (W/m2)
v = λf f = 1/T T = 1/f
Speed of sound = 343 m/s β(dB)
Speed of light c = 2.9979 X 108 m/s
I = P/4πr2
e- or p+ charge = 1.6 E –19 C
β = 10 log (I/I0)
k (electricity) 9 E 9
I = I0 10(β/10)
mass of a proton = 1.67 E –27 kg k is the
I0 = 1 E -12 W/m2
mass of an electron = 9.11 E –31 kg spring
vsound = 331 + 0.6T
µ0 = 4πE-7 T•m/A = 1.2566 E-6 T•m/A constant
f” = f (v vo)/(v vs)
Avogadro’s number = 6.022 E 23 (N/m)
Fs = -kx Us = ½ kx2
B field of the Earth = 5 E–5 T
m l l (m)
Absolute zero = -273.15 °C = 0 K Ts = 2π Tp = 2π
Atmospheric pressure: k g
1 atm= 1 X 105 Pa= 760 mm Hg= 14.70 lb/in2 Ts2 = 4π2m/k Tp2 = 4π2l/g
Gas constant R = 8.31 J/mol•K
 Geometry/Trigonometry Electricity Units
hyp2 = adj2 + opp2 Or C2 = A2 + B2 # electrons = charge/1.6 E –19 C q or Q (C)
Sin θ = opp/hyp F = k q1 q2/r2 E (N/C)
Cos θ = adj/hyp E = F/q = V/d E = k q/r2 V (V)
Tan θ = opp/adj = Ry/Rx UE = qV = W = Fd = ½ mv2 I (A)
I = Q/t V = IR P (W) still!
Standard vector notation P = IV = I2R = V2/R = Energy/time R (Ω)
A units θ° (N or S) of (E or W) Req (series) = R1 + R2 + R3 + …
Components if θ measured from horizontal 1/Req (parallel) = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3.. (usual)
Ax = A cos θ Req (parallel)= (R1-1 + R2-1 + R3-1+…)-1 (Ms. Walker)
Ay = A sin θ
Magnetism
If θ is measured from vertical switch sin & cos
F = qvB mv = qrB F = BΙϑ B (T)
B = µ 0 I/2πr = (2 E –7) I/r ϑ (m)
Law of cosines = R2 = A2 + B2 - 2ABcosθ
F =µ 0 Ι1 Ι2 ϑ/2πr = (2 E –7)Ι1 Ι2 ϑ/r ε (V)
Algebraic Addition of Vectors by Components ε = V = ∆ (BA)/t = Bϑv A (m2)
1. Find the components of all vectors to be Area of a circle = πr2 Area of a square = s2
added, i.e. Ax and Ay.
2. Assign +/- signs Nuclear Physics E (J) still!
+ is right/East, - is left/West. E = ∆mc2
+ is up/North. - is down/South.
3. Add x components together to get Rx. Ideal Gases/Thermodynamics P (Pa)
4. Add y components together to get Ry. K = °C +273.15 °C = K – 273.15 V (m3)
5. Add Rx and Ry together to get R using the PV = nRT PV/T = P0V0/T0 Q (J)
Pythagorean theorem. QTC = mC∆T QPC = mH
6. Find θ. θ = tan-1Ry/Rx Fluids
7. Write the resultant in appropriate vector P = F/A = ρhg Fbuoyant = ρVg ρ (kg/m3)
form. ∆L = αL1 (T2 - T1)

Planet Avg radius-m Mass-kg Avg distance

from sun – m
Sun 696 E 6 1.99 E30 --
Mercury 2.44 E6 3.30 E23 5.79 E10
Venus 6.05 E6 4.87 E24 1.08 E11
Earth 6.38 E6 5.97 E24 1.50 E11
Mars 3.40 E6 6.42 E23 2.28 E11
Jupiter 71.5 E6 1.90 E27 7.78 E 11
Saturn 60.3 E6 5.69 E26 1.43 E12
Uranus 25.6 E6 8.66 E25 2.87 E 12
Neptune 24.8 E6 1.03 E26 4.50 E 12
Pluto 1.15 E6 1.5 E22 5.91 E12
Earth’s moon 1.74 E6 7.35 E22 ~same as Earth

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/ems1.html ROYGBIV