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MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
The VECTRON meter samples small portions of the input voltages from the
voltage and current sensing elements. Each sample is converted into a binary
number and then used by the microcontroller to derive the billing values. This
phase selection, sampling, and measurement process is described in the
following sections.
Sampling
During one cycle of the power source, the VECTRON meter takes 8 samples
for each of the voltages and the currents on each of the phases. The phase A
voltage is sampled first, followed by the phase A current, and then the phase B
voltage, and so on. These groups of 6 samples are therefore spaced 2.08
milliseconds apart if the register is operating on 60 Hz, or 2.5 milliseconds if
the register is operating on 50 Hz (see Figure 3.9).
Before this procedure is repeated for the next cycle, a delay is added so that
the relative position of the next group of 8 samples on the waveform is shifted
in time with respect to the samples taken during the previous cycle. This
ensures that each group of samples is not taken at an identical point during the
cycling of the signal. This technique, called sample migration, helps the
VECTRON meter maintain metering accuracy under harmonic distortion
conditions (see Figure 3.10).
Two consecutive
cycles have samples that
are 34 microseconds or
0.75° apart.
averaged (divided by 481) and the square root is taken, yielding the RMS
voltage and RMS current for each phase. The accumulators are reset before
the first of the next set of 481 samples is taken.
Watthour Measurement
Watthours are measured by multiplying the instantaneous value of the voltage
on each phase with the instantaneous value of the current on the same phase
(see Figure 3.12).
The resulting values are added to running accumulators. After the completion
of 481 samples (one second for 60 Hz supply or 1.2 seconds for 50 Hz supply),
the reading in this accumulator is passed to the consumption routing where it
is averaged (divided by 481), scaled, corrected, divided by 3600, and then
added to the main registers.
The VECTRON meter can be programmed to register watthours either in the
delivered quadrants only, or in the delivered and received quadrants.
When delivered watthours only are measured, any negative watthour values
are ignored. This has the same effect as a detent mechanism on an induction
watthour meter.
When delivered and received watthours are measured, any negative watthour
values are made positive and added to the watthour register.
where
1 1
VRMS =
N ∑ V N2 and IRMS =
N ∑ I 2N
∆→N ∆→N
The voltage and current values from each phase are squared and stored in their
respective accumulators. At the end of the 60th supply cycle, each
accumulator contains the sums of the square of the voltages or currents for
each phase. The contents of these accumulators are passed to the
consumption routine where they are averaged (divided by 481) and the square
root is taken, yielding the RMS voltage and RMS current for each phase.
Every second, the RMS voltage and the RMS current for each phase are
multiplied together to establish a VA-second value for each phase. These
values are scaled and corrected.
The total VA hour value is calculated by adding the VA-second quantities for
each phase and dividing the total by 3600. This value is added to the
appropriate register.
If apparent energy is selected as the extended function, the VECTRON can be
programmed to calculate VA either vectorially or arithmetically on delta
services. The vectorial calculation uses the following formula:
VA = Watts 2 + Vars 2
Notes:
Outputs (Optional)
Two optional outputs are available on all versions of VECTRON meters:
• AMR interface
Each form C solid-state contact can be used as a pulse initiator output (KYZ),
demand threshold output, end of interval output, load control output
(independent output), customer alert output, or diagnostic condition alert
output.
The AMR output uses solid-state technology to connect directly to the T-3000
MIU (Meter Interface Unit), which is part of the inbound telecommunications
system.
The load control and customer alert outputs are only available with the TOU, mass memory, or the ex-
tended function versions of the VECTRON meter.
Modem
An optional modem is available on all versions of the VECTRON SVX meters.
The basic modem includes:
• Calling windows
• Solid-state outputs
R300V
The R300V is an option board that allows energy and maximum demand values
to be transmitted from the VECTRON via radio frequency. Features include:
• Tamper detection
• Signal conversion
• Hand shaking
• Isolation
DISPLAY ITEMS
All VECTRON meters can display a maximum of 32 Normal, 32 Alternate, and
10 Test items, up to a total count of no more than 48 items. The display items
and sequence of display, along with any desired annunciators or ID code
number, are selected during program setup, a feature of the PC-PRO+
software.
Table 1.1 lists, in alphabetical order, items programmable for display in the
modes indicated. Detailed information about these display items is given in the
PC-PRO+ Software User’s Manual.
Table 1.1 VECTRON Display Modes
Display Item Normal Alt. Test Toolbox
Continuous Cumulative kVA total (E rate only)* X X
Continuous Cumulative kvar lag (E rate only)* X X
Continuous Cumulative kW (E rate only)* X X
Continuous Cumulative kVA lag (E rate only)* X X
Cumulative kVA lag (E rate only)* X X
Cumulative kVA total (E rate only)* X X
Cumulative kvar lag (E rate only)* X X
Cumulative kW (E rate only) X X
Current Date (TOU only) X X
Current Time (TOU only) X X
Error Codes X X
Segment Test X X
Software Revision X X
* Indicates items available for display with the extended function version only. The energy
and demand quantities which show up in the display item list will vary depending on the
extended registers selected for that particular configuration, such as vars or VA.
Specifications
Electrical
Voltage Ranges (before SVX): 60 Hz range: (Nominal) 60 Hz range: (Actual)
Frequency: 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Operating Range: ± 3 Hz
Carryover: