Introduction Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the visibility of a website or a web page in search engines

via the natural or unpaid search results. In general, when a person search the web regarding a particular topic, that person will get a list of web sites related to that topic and this is the place where search engine optimization applied. SEO is used to bring websites to the top of search results without spending extra money. When a search request comes, the search engine processes it-i.e. it compares the search string in the search request with the indexed pages in the database. Since it is likely that more than one page (practically it is millions of pages) contains the search string, the search engine starts calculating the relevancy of each of the pages in its index with the search string. There are various algorithms to calculate relevancy. Each of these algorithms has different relative weights for common factors like keyword density, links, or metatags. That is why different search engines give different search results pages for the same search string. Also all major search engines like Yahoo, Google, Bing, etc periodically change their algorithms and if someone wants to keep their web pages at the top, they also have to adapt their pages to the latest changes. Since almost webmasters wants to keep their web pages at the top of the search results, it became a very competitive task. Therefore they use different search engine optimization techniques to achieve that goal. Background & Motivation Now days all around the world can be heard the discussions about high speed networks, high speed internet etc. In Sri Lanka the current maximum speed of download bandwidth is 7.2 Mbps which is provided by the Mobitel Telecom. If someone mention 100Mbps or 1Gbps speed of Broad Brand service it will be difficult to believe. The 4G technology is all about achieve that huge target. To overcome the problems of the modern generation of mobile communication 4G is the appreciate solution. The future 4G infrastructure will consist of a set of various networks using internet protocol. As a common protocol so that the users are in control as they will be able to choose every application and environment. Accessing information anywhere, anytime with seamless connection to a wide range of information, obtaining services, receiving a large volume of information, data, pictures, video and so on are the key of 4G infrastructure.[2] The rapid development of the mobile technology and the huge demand of the mobile technology is the fundamental motivation factor to select that type of research area.

Description on the area of study

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4G is a system that is able to provide a variety of multimedia services, such as movies, moving pictures and television broadcasting. These includes mobile mobility based services such as information services based on the location of the user and an emergency call service that can send pictures or the location of the user. 4G technologies will able to provide these services with high speed and good quality via the converged network of wireless and wired infrastructures. The technologies which are being considered as pre-4G are WiMax, WiBro, iBurst, 3GPP Long Term Evolution and 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband. Design considerationsThe research community is considering what form the next (4th) generation of fixed and mobile communications systems will take. A popular view in the telecommunications industry is that the 4th generation should evolve naturally from 2nd and 3rd with incremental improvements being brought about without any fundamental architectural changes being necessary. Another view is that it will be totally IP based.[3] An all IP-based 4G wireless network has intrinsic advantages over its predecessors. IP is compatible with, and independent of, the actual radio access technology. A 4G IP wireless network will enjoy a financial advantage over 3G as well. According to internet sources 4G equipments cost are four to ten times cheaper than equivalent circuit-switched equipment for 2G and 3G wireless infrastructures. Now the matter is clear that to meet the 4G requirements of high data rate, seamless connectivity, cost effective service the core network for 4G must be an IP based network. Because of deployment of 4G wireless technology is not expected until 2008 or even later, developers will hopefully have time issues involving multiple heterogeneous networks such as access, handoff, location coordination, support for multicasting etc. Some major researches are done in 4G technology by various people and universities. There are The Japanese company NTT DoCoMo has been testing a 4G communication system prototype with data transmission rates of 100 Mbit/s while moving, and 1 Gbit/s while stationary. NTT DoCoMo is planning on releasing the first commercial network in around 2010. Sprint has announced WiMax service called Xohm. Tested in Chicago, this speed was clocked at 100 Mbit/s.

Aim & Objectives

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The main objective of 4G will be to replace the entire core of cellular networks with a single worldwide cellular network completely standardized based on the (Internet Protocol) IP for video, packet data utilizing Voice over IP (VoIP) and multimedia services. The newly standardized networks would provide uniform video, voice, and data services to the cellular handset or handheld Internet appliance, based entirely on IP (Internet Protocol). The other main objectives of the newly expected technology are freedom in time, freedom in space and freedom in use of features. 4G will be concluded of all the above requirements. The primary goal of the 4G mobile communication Interactive Multimedia, Voice, Video Streaming High Speed Global Internet Access VPN Availability Service Portability with Scalable Mobile Services High Speed, High Capacity, Low Cost Services Multi-Hop Networking Robustness of network entities and terminals Global roaming and hand-over support to other different systems

There some objectives which can be earned from doing this independent study as university students. There are categorized under the caption of Learning Perspective. Learning perspective Understanding the area of 4G mobile technology Analyzing the problems in modern technologies Collecting knowledge about advantages and disadvantages of the particular area Intended outcome As it discussed above the main intended outcome of this research is increasing the knowledge area of future generation of the mobile communication. As an average the knowledge level of the most people about the 4G mobile technology is not sufficient. After this independent study activity there is a hope of those ken redundant will be fulfilled. Other main outcomes are identifying the future trends about the particular area and overcome the lacking of the current mobile generation. Resource Requirements
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To achieve my goal of submitting a good research on the area of 4G technology there should be several resources available. Mainly I suppose to collect information for the research through the internet. So there should be high speed broadband facilities to fulfill my requirements. The other things like library facilities, research papers, instruction from experts are also very valuable to come up with a great study of 4G technology.

Reference
[1] Karriane Lacinder (2009), 4G, The next generation mobile technology, Readers Digest, pg 120-122 [2]Mahesh G(2010), 4G and its evolution, technology and specification of 4G , http://whitepapers2.opensystemsmedia.com/fmi/xsl/white_papers/get/final.xsl , downloaded on 15th July 2010 [3] Advance wireless technologies-4G, http://www.researchandmarkets.com/product/1a2856/advanced_wireless_networks_4g_technologies, downloaded on 15th July 2010 [4] Sahan Jayawickrama (2009), 3G thakshanayen obbata, Pariganaka-Sinhala Magazine [4] Kaveh Pahalvan & Prashant Krishnamurthy, Priciple of Wireless networks, PariganakaSinhala Magazine

Appendix- Plan of Actions

Week Finding an area for study and study about the area Preparing and submit the proposal Studying about the area Preparing and submit the interim report Preparing and Submit final report Presentation and viva 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

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