H igh Speed Network Lab.

EE, NDHU

Implementation of Embedded SIP-based VoIPv6 System

Pre

Dr. Han-Chieh Chao

Department of Electronic Engineering National Ilan University Email: hcc@niu.edu.tw

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Drivers for IPv6

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Drivers for IPv6

O.S. and Applications Restoring an Environment for Innovation

Mobile Networking

The Ubiquitous Internet

Agriculture/Wildlife Transportation Medical

Manufacturing Consumer and Services Government Services on the Edge Of the Network 3

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Drivers for IPv6 (cont.)

Improvement
Available address space Multicast Configuration Addressing Aggregation

Performance
Header structure better organized No fragmentation No checksum Addressing architecture can be more aggregated

Security
IPv6 integrateds IPSec inside the protocol IPv4 needs to add IPsec IPSec (ESP) and IKE

QoS
IPv6 improves the performance Header and its processing Reduces jitter and processing delay New specific fields in the header
4

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Network : IPv6

Let your product get certified

IPv6 Ready Logo Phase 1 ( Silver )

IPv6 Ready Logo Phase 2 ( Gold )

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

IPv6 Logo Committee (v6LC)

the TAHI project (Japon) the University of New Hampshire (USA) ETSI IPv6 Plugtest (Europe) TTA (Korea) BII (China) NICI v6Lab (Taiwan) IRISA/INRIA (France)

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Drivers for VoIP

ISP : xDSL providers are also the old incumbent Telos

Revenue streams from the existing PSTN PSTN replacement/upgrades with lifetimes of 20+ years Reluctant to invest money if voice traffic migrates from the PSTN to IP technology Deutsch Telecom Announced to January 2004 that by 2020 all telephone traffic will run over IP
Consumer

Cost savings Integrated data and voice networks Device interoperability using standards-based protocols Flexibility in deriving new services
VoIP + IPv6 is better solution than VoIP + IPv4

Convenience Performance Security QoS

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

What is VoIP?
Carrying voice or/and video conservations over Internet protocol packet networks

IP Network

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Why Use VoIP?

Cost savings Integrated data and voice networks Device interoperability using standards-based protocols Flexibility in deriving new services

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Traditional Voice Versus VoIP

A traditional T1 can carry 24 telephone calls simultaneously

T1 = 1544 kbps, DS0 = 64 kbps, 1544 / 64 = 24 DS0 per T1

With VoIP, a T1 can carry 64 calls simultaneously!

G.729 8kbps compression, 20 msec frame size = 24 kbps 1544 / 24 = 64 calls per T1
10

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Consumer: IP-to-IP
Uses PC software to make calls over public and private internets Free!! But, no quality of service guarantees Examples:
Microsoft NetMeeting Skype
TM TM

Hybrids
PC2Phone
TM

The Internet
PC Modem Modem PC

11

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

A Scenario of Applications
IP-to-PSTN Gateway

INTERNET

PSTN

Edge Router

Edge Router

IP Telephones

IP Telephones
12

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

VoIP QoS Issue

Delay
Algorithmic Delay Processing Delay Network Delay

Jitter Lost-Packet Compensation Echo Compensation CODECS

13

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Delay
Processing Delay
Actual process of encoding and collecting the encoded samples into a packet for transmission over the packet network. The encoding delay is a function of both the processor execution time and the type of algorithm used

Network Delay
Physical medium and protocols used to transmit the voice data and by the buffers used to remove packet jitter on the receive side. Network delay is a function of the capacity of the links in the network and the processing.

14

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Delay Causes Problems

Echo
Signal reflections of the speaker's voice from the far-end telephone equipment back into the speaker's ear. Round-trip delay becomes greater than 50 milliseconds. (ITU G.131)

Talker overlap
One talker stepping on the other talker's speech The one-way delay becomes greater than 250 milliseconds. (ITU G.114)

15

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Jitter
Variable delay caused by network traverses
Removing jitter : buffering packets and waiting for the slowest packets to arrive in time to be played in the correct sequence. Causes additional delay

16

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Lost-Packet Compensation
Lost packets can be an even more severe problem, depending on the type of packet network that is being used.
Interpolate for lost speech packets by replaying the last packet received during the interval. Send redundant information. Use a hybrid approach with a much lower bandwidth voice coder to provide redundant information. Avoiding and managing network congestion

17

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Echo Compensation
For network, usually
Round-trip delay > 50 milliseconds

ITU standard G.165

Defines performance requirements required for echo cancellers

18

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

CODEC
Voice codecs create blocks of data at fixed intervals
Usually 10 ms

Each block contains a fixed number of bytes depending on the coding scheme used
10-80 bytes/block

Codecs can typically be parameterized to put a given number of voice data bytes into a single IP packet
10, 20, 30, , 240 bytes

Bandwidth saving techniques

Silence suppression Compression

Tradeoffs
Small packets = less delay, but more layer 2/3 overhead Large packets = more delay, less layer 2/3 overhead
19

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

CODEC Characteristics
Codec Compression Method Codec Bit Rate 64000 64000 5300 6300 5300 6300 16000 24000 32000 16000 8000 8000 Block Length Block Size (bytes) 80 80 7 8 7 8 20 30 40 20 10 10 Blocks per Packet 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Voice Call Bandwidth Required
(Excl. L2 o/h)

Mean Opinion Score 4.1

Compression Delay (ms)

g711alaw g711ulaw g723ar53 g723ar63 g723r53 g723r63 g726r16 g726r24 g726r32 g728 g729r8 g729br8

PCM PCM ACELP MP-MLQ ACELP MP-MLQ ADPCM ADPCM ADPCM LD-CELP CS-ACELP CS-ACELP

10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms

80000 80000 22000 23000 22000 23000 32000 40000 48000 32000 24000 24000

0.75

3.65 3.9

30 30

3.85

1 3-5

3.92 3.7

10 10

20

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Streaming Video
Video Challenges Raw to Compression

21

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Network Challenges
Bandwidth : depend on
Codec H.261 H.263 Display size 640 x 480 320 x 240

Real-time Quality of Service (QoS)

Packet loss Jitter Latency : Video needs much more computing latency then audio

22

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Network Issues

23

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)

Disadvantage of UDP
Packets may be lost or out-of-sequence

RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Application

RFC 3550 RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol RTCP- RTP Control Protocol

RTP over UDP

A sequence number A time stamp ofr synchronized play-out Does not solve the problems: simply provides additional information

24

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)

Media content type Talk spurts Payload identification Synchronization Loss detection Segmentation and reassembly

Payload Timestamp

Sequence Number

Synchronization Source Identifier (SSRC) Payload

25

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

The RTP Header

Sequence number
A random number generated by the sender at the beginning of a se A random number generated by the sender at the beginning of a session ssion Incremented by one for each RTP packet

Timestamp
The receiver The receiver Synchronized play Synchronized play-out out Calculate the jitter Calculate the jitter Support silence suppression Support silence suppression The initial timestamp is a random number chosen by the sending application.

Payload Type (PT)

In general, a single RTP In general, a single RTP only one payload format. only one payload format. RED is an exception. RED is an exception.
26

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

RTP Payload Formats

RTP carries the actual digitally encoded voice
RTP header + a payload of voice/video samples UDP and IP headers are attached

Many voice- and video standards coding standards A payload type identifier in the RTP header
A payload type identifier in the RTP header Specified in RFC 1890 and RFC 3551. New coding schemes have become available A sender has no idea what coding schemes a receiver could handle Negotiated by signaling protocols like SIP.

27

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

RTP Payload Formats (Cont.)

Separate signaling systems
Capability negotiation during the call setup SIP and SDP A dynamic payload type may be used Support new coding scheme in the future The encoding name is also significant

RED, Redundant payload type RED, Redundant payload type

Voice samples + previous samples Cope with packet loss May use different encoding schemes

28

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

SIP signaling : Introduction

3GPP standard Simpler then H.323 Also used for video conferencing, network gaming, instant messaging Similar to HTTP, textual coding Uses URLs for addressing:
sip:bobsmith@mycompany.com sip:voicemail@mycompany.com?subject=callme sip:+1-919-555-1234@gateway.mycompany.com tel:+1-919-555-1234

DTMFs carried in signaling message

29

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

SIP Components
SIP UA
Hardware or software running SIP protocols

SIP Proxy
Ordinary, service provided by ISP

Media Gateway
Connects different networks SIP-to-PSTN SIP-to-{other VoIP signaling protocol}

30

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

SIP Call Setup

INVITE sip:joe@sip.com
From: bob@opnet.com To:joe@sip.com Call-ID:12345@opnet.com

Proxy for sip.com gets location information for called party.

INVITE sip:joe@123.23.44.3 From: bob@opnet.com To:joe@sip.com Call-ID:12345@opnet.com OK 200

From: bob@opnet.com To:joe@sip.com Call-ID:12345@opnet.com

SIP Proxy

IPv6 Network
IP Phone (bob@opnet.com)
Voice/Video packets flow between IP telephones

IP Phone (joe@sip.com)
OK 200 From: bob@opnet.com To:joe@sip.com Call-ID:12345@opnet.com

ACK joe@sip.com

31

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

SIP UA Choice

32

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

SIP UA must behave like an ordinary telephone?

PC + SIP UA software
Windows Messenger CCL + PCA X-Lite It is upset whenever making a phone call after waiting for a computer booted.

For a consumer, SIP UA should be

easy to use zero-configuration : plug & dial to dial a number to make a phone call as cheaper as possible

33

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Embedded System for SIP UA

CPU & Hardward
SoC : ethernet on chip, VGA on chip Easy to extension : PCI, USB

Operating System
Embedded Linux VxWork

Efficiency and system requirement Performance Time-to-prototype and time-to-market Size : easy to be packed into a standalong phone Maintainability

34

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Protocol stack for embedded system

Signaling
SIP-SDP
User Interface CODECs SIP-SDP RTP

CODECs
Voice G.711, G.723, G.729 Video H.261, H.263

Application

Transport

TCP/UDP

UDP

Transport
RTP

Network

IPv6

Link and Physical

2G/3G

WIFI

XDSL Ethernet

35

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Application architecture for Embedded system

Signaling Network Management Module Voice Voice CODECs Module Telephony Signaling Module Network Video Video CODECs Module DSP Embedded System Protocol Module Video, Voice, Signal Packets

36

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Application Architecture (cont.)

Voice/Video Module
Digital-signal processor (DSP)

Telephony-Signaling Module
Translating signaling into state changes used by the network protocol module to set up connections

Network-Management Module
Management interface to configure and maintain the other modules

Network Protocol Module

Processes signaling information and converts it.

37

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Reference Embedded System

Provided by vendor Targeted at potential customers Usually includes
Hardware testbed Development software Simulator or emulator Download and bootstrap software Reference implementations

38

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Reference Software

Known as tool chains : installed into host PC Software

C compiler Assembler Downloader Monitor Bootstrap Reference Code

Purpose
Compile programs for the ADM5120 Assemble programs for ADM5120 and DSP Load software into the Embedded System Communicate with the Embedded system and interact with running software Start the embedded system running Example programs for the ADM5120 that show how to implement basic functions

39

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Reference Hardware

Quantity or Size
1 8 4 5 1 2 1

Item
Infenion-ADM5120 (175 MHz) Mbytes of SDRAM memory Mbytes of Flash ROM memory 10/ 100 Ethernet ports Serial interface (console) MINI-PCI bus interface DSP

40

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Host
Functionalities of host
Compiling software for embedded system Software includes OS kernel, device drivers and applications Console of embedded system normally through serial port Show debug messages

41

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Development Flow
Let the OS kernel support IPv6
Configure the OS kernel source to support IPv6 IPv6 Ready Logo Test If failed for IPv6 Ready Logo Test, the network protocol stack in OS kernel should be modified.

Let the SIP UP support IPv6

Configure your C library for your embedded system the SIP UA software programming Voice/Video Module Telephony-Signaling Module Network-Management Module Network Protocol Module

Put them together

Integration test

42

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Reference System In Our Lab

Operating System: Linux SIP, RTP for IPv6 Video Codec
H.261, H.263

Audio Codec
G.711, G723, G.728, G.729a

IPv6 protocol stack

IPv6 Phase 1 Ready Logo : Logo ID : 01-000277

43

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Video Cam Microphone

LCD Display

Signaling

44

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Future way of communication

SIP phone SIP proxy SIP software phone

SIP phone SIP phone IPv6

SIP proxy SIP software phone SIP phone

45

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Documentation References
H.323 ITU Standard for Voice/Video over IP SIP Session Initialization Protocol, IETF RFC 2543 RTP Real-time Transport Protocol, IETF RFC 1889 ITU-T.37 Procedures for the Transfer of Facsimile Data Via Store-and-forward on the Internet ITU-T.38 Procedures for Real-time Group 3 Facsimile Communication over IP Networks

46

H igh Speed Network Lab. EE, NDHU

Thank You

47