CH 11LQ&A

8654085.
doc 11 Trigonometric Ratios and Applications of Trigonometry (II)
Long Questions
* 1 Prove the following identities without using a calculator.
1
(a) cos 30° sin 60° − cos 60° sin 30° = 2
(b) 1 − 2 sin2 45° = 2 cos2 45° − 1

cos 2 30 − cos 2 60
(c) tan 60° − tan 30° =
2 2
sin 2 30 sin 2 60
(a) L.H.S. = cos 30° −
sin 60° cos 60°
sin 30°
3 3 1 1
= × −×
2 2 2 2
3 1
= −
4 4
1
=
2
= R.H.S.
1
∴
cos 30° −
sin 60° cos 60° ≡
sin 30°
2
(b) L.H.S. =
1−2 sin2 45°
2
1 
2 
=1−
2 
 
1
2×
=1−
2
=0
R.H.S. = 2 cos2 45°

− 1
2
1 
= 22 
−1
 
1
= 2 ×− 1
2
=0
= L.H.S.
∴2 sin2 45°
1− ≡2 cos2 45°
− 1
233
11 Trigonometric Ratios and Applications of Trigonometry (II) 8654085.doc
(c) L.H.S. = tan2 60°−tan2 30°

2
1 
= ( 3 ) 2 −
 3

 
1
= 3−
3
8
=
3
cos 2 30 −cos 2 60
R.H.S. =
sin 2 30 sin 2 60
2
 3  1 2
  − 
 2  2 
=  
2
1   3
2

  ×  
2   2 
3 1
−
= 4 4
1 3
×
4 4
1
= 2
3
16
1 16
= ×
2 3
8
=
3
= L.H.S.
cos 2 30 −cos 2 60
∴ tan 60°– tan2 30°≡
2
sin 2 30 sin 2 60
234
8654085.doc 11 Trigonometric Ratios and Applications of Trigonometry (II)
* 2 As shown in the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and ∠ABC = 45°.
(a) Find the height of AE.

(b) Find the area of ABCD.
(c) Find the length of the diagonal AC.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)
(a) AB = DC = 15 cm
AE
sin 75°=
AB
AE = 15 ×sin 75°
= 14.49
= 14.5 cm
(b) Area of ABCD = AE ×BC
= 14.49 ×19
= 275 cm2
(c) BE = AB cos 75°
= 15 cos 75°
∴EC = BC −BE
= 19 −15 cos 75°
= 15.12 cm
Diagonal AC = AE 2 +EC 2 (Pyth. Theorem)
= 14.49 2 +15.12 2
= 20.9 cm
* 3 Simplify the following expressions.
(a) 5 + 3 cos 2 x − 5 sin 2 x

(b) sin 4 x + 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x + cos 4 x
235
(a) 3 cos 2 x −
5+ 5 sin 2 x = 5 +
3 cos 2 x − cos 2 x)
5(1 −
3 cos 2 x −
=5+ 5 cos 2 x
5+
= 8 cos2 x
(b) sin 4 x +
2 sin 2 x cos 2 x +
cos 4 x = (sin 2 x) 2 +
2(sin 2 x )(cos2 x) +
(cos 2 x ) 2
= (sin 2 x +
cos 2 x) 2
= 12
=1
* 4 Simplify the following expressions.
(a) 1 − sin 2 x ⋅ tan x
(b) 5 tan 2 θ cos 2 θ − 4 sin θ cos θ tan θ

(c) (tan 2 θ cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )(tan 2 θ − sin 2 θ cos 2 θ )
sin x
(a) 1 −sin 2 x ⋅ tan x = cos 2 x ⋅
cos x
sin x
= cos x ⋅
cos x
= sin x
sin 2 θ sin θ
(b) 5 tan 2 θ cos 2 θ −4 sin θ cos θ tan θ = 5 × 2
×cos 2 θ −4 sin θ cos θ ×
cos θ cos θ
= 5 sin 2 θ −4 sin 2 θ
= sin 2 θ
(c) (tan 2 θ cos 2 θ −sin 2 θ )(tan 2 θ −sin 2 θ cos 2 θ )

 sin 2 θ 
(
=  2 ×cos 2 θ −sin 2 θ  tan 2 θ −sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
 cos θ  )
 
= (sin 2 θ −sin 2 θ )(tan 2 θ −sin 2 θ cos 2 θ )
= 0 ×(tan 2 θ −sin 2 θ cos 2 θ )
=0
* 5 A car runs on a steep road of gradient 1 : 4 for 1 300 m. Find
(a) the inclination of the steep road θ,

(b) the horizontal distance covered by the car,
(c) its vertical distance above the starting point.
236
1
(a) tan θ =
4
θ = 14.036°
= 14.04°
Horizontal distance
(b) cos 14.036°=
1 300
Horizontal distance = 1 261 m

Vertical distance
(c) sin 14.036°=
1 300
Vertical distance = 315.3 m
* 6 As shown in the figure, CD is a tower of height h m. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower
from A is 30° and that from B is 50°. It is given that AB is 100 m
apart.
(a) Express the distance of BC in terms of h.

(b) Find the height of the tower. (Give the answers correct to 3
significant figures.)
h
(a) tan 50°=
BC
h
∴
BC =
tan 50
= 0.839 1h
= 0.839h m
h
(b) tan 30°
=
100 + BC
h = (100 +0.839 1h) tan 30
100 tan 30
h=
1− 0.839 1 tan 30
= 112
∴
The height of the tower is 112 m.
237
* 7
Refer to the figure above.

(a) Find the values of x and y.
(b) Find the compass bearings in the following situations.
(i) From A to B
(ii) From A to C
(iii) From B to A
(iv) From B to C
(v) From C to A
(vi) From C to B
(c) Find the true bearings in the following situations.
(i) From A to B
(ii) From A to C
(iii) From B to A
(iv) From B to C
(v) From C to A
(vi) From C to B
238
(a) x = 42°，y = 55°
(b) (i) N42°E

(ii) S70°E
(iii) S42°W
(iv) S15°E
(v) N70°W
(vi) N15°W
(c) (i) 042°
(ii) 110°
(iii) 222°
(iv) 165°
(v) 290°
(vi) 345°
* 8 The compass bearing of B from A is N38°W and the compass

bearing of A from C is N52°E. Given that the distances of AB and
AC are
60 km and 80 km respectively, find
(a) ∠BAC ,
(b) the distance of BC,
(c) ∠BCA ,
(d) the compass bearing of B from C.
(Give the answers correct to 4 significant figures if necessary.)
239
(a) x = 90° − 38° = 52°
y = 90° − 52° = 38°

∴ ∠ BAC = 38° + 52° = 90°
(b) BC 2 = AB2 + AC2 (Pyth. Theorem)
= 602 + 802
BC = 100 km
60
(c) tan ∠ BCA =
80
∠ BCA = 36.87°
(d) θ = 52° − 36.87°
= 15.13°
∴ The compass bearing of B from C is N15.13° E.
240
** 9 Find the unknown values in the following figures. (Give the answers correct to 1 decimal place if
necessary.)
(a)
(b)
(c)
241
10
(a) In ∆
ABC, tan 30°=
AC
10
AC =
tan 30
10
=
1
3
= 10 3
x
In ∆
ACD, sin 45°=
AC
1
x = 10 3 ×
2
2
= 10 3 ×
2
= 5 6
BC
(b) In ∆
ABC, tan 45°=
6
BC = 6 tan 45°
=6
BD
In ∆
ABD, tan (45°
+ 15°
) =
6
BD = 6 tan 60°
= 6 3
y = BD −
BC
= 6 3−
6
= 6( 3 −
1)
(c) DE = 13 −8
=5
EC = AB = 12
∴In ∆CDE, z = DE 2 +EC 2
= 52 +122
= 13
5
tan ∠DCE =
12
∠DCE = 22.6°
∴ θ= 90°+22.6°
= 112.6°
242
** 10
Referring to the figure above,

(a) find the lengths of AD and DC,
(b) find the value of ∠BCD ,
1
(c) prove that tan 15° = 2 + 3 .
AB
(a) In ∆
ABD, tan 30° =
AD
1
AD =
tan 30
1
=
1
3
= 3
Using Pythagoras’ Theorem, BD = AD2 +AB2

= ( 3 ) 2 +12
=2
DC = BD = 2
(b) ∠
BDC + 30° = 180° (adj. ∠
s on st. line)
∠
BDC = 150°
In ∆
BCD,
BD = DC
∴ ∠
BCD = ∠
CBD (base ∠
s, isos. ∆
)
∴2 ∠
BCD + ∠
BDC = 180° (∠sum of ∆
)
2∠
BCD = 180°−150°
∠
BCD = 15°
(c) AC = DC + AD
= 2+ 3
AB
In ∆
ABC, tan ∠
BCA =
AC
1
i.e. tan 15°=
2+ 3
243
** 11 Prove the following identities.
(a) 2 sin (90 − θ ) − sin 2 θ + 2 = (1 + cos θ ) 2

(b) sin 4 θ − sin 4 (90 − θ ) = 1 − 2 cos 2 θ
(c) sin θ cos θ (1 + tan 2 θ ) = tan θ
(a) L.H.S. = 2 sin (90 −θ ) −sin 2 θ +2
= 2 cos θ −(1 −cos 2 θ ) + 2
= 2 cos θ −1 + cos 2 θ + 2
= 1 + 2 cos θ + cos 2 θ
= (1 + cos θ )2
= R.H.S.
∴2 sin (90 −θ ) −sin 2 θ +2 ≡(1 + cos θ )2
(b) L.H.S. = sin 4 θ −sin 4 (90 −θ )
= sin 4 θ −cos 4 θ
= (sin 2 θ +cos 2 θ )(sin 2 θ −cos 2 θ )
= sin 2θ − cos 2θ
= (1 −cos 2 θ ) −cos 2 θ
= 1 −2 cos 2 θ
= R.H.S.
∴sin θ −sin 4 (90 −θ ) ≡1 −2 cos 2 θ
4
(c) L.H.S. = sin θ cos θ (1 + tan 2 θ )

 sin 2 θ 
= sin θ cos θ  
1 +cos 2 θ 
 
cos 2 θ +sin 2 θ
= sin θ cos θ ×
cos 2 θ
1
= sin θ ×
cos θ
sin θ
=
cos θ
= tan θ
= R.H.S.
∴sin θ cos θ (1 +tan 2 θ ) ≡tan θ
244
** 12 Simplify the following expressions.
1 + sin θ cos θ
(a) +
cos θ 1 + sin θ
3 sin (90 − θ ) tan 2 θ
(b) 4 tan θ +
sin θ
(c) 5 sin (90 − θ ) cos (90 − θ ) tan θ + cos 2 (90 − θ )
1 +sin θ cos θ (1 +sin θ ) 2 +cos 2 θ
(a) + =
cos θ 1 +sin θ cosθ (1 +sin θ )
1 +2 sinθ +sin 2 θ +cos 2 θ
=
cosθ (1 +sinθ )
1 +2 sin θ +1
=
cosθ (1 +sin θ )
2(1 +sin θ )
=
cosθ (1 +sin θ )
2
=
cos θ
3 sin (90 − θ ) tan 2 θ 3 cos θ tan 2 θ
(b) 4 tanθ + = 4 tan θ +
sin θ sin θ
3 tan 2 θ  cos θ 1 
= 4 tan θ +  = 
tan θ  sin θ tan θ 
= 4 tan θ + 3 tan θ
= 7 tan θ
sin θ
(c) 5 sin (90 − θ ) cos (90 − θ ) tan θ +cos 2 (90 − θ ) = 5 cos θ sin θ × +sin 2 θ
cos θ
= 5 sin 2 θ +sin 2 θ
= 6 sin 2 θ
** 13
The above figure shows a hill in trapezoid shape. The inclination of one side of the slope is 30°
while the gradient of the other slope is 1 : 2.5. The horizontal distance of the top and the base of the
hill are 6 m and 200 m respectively. Let the vertical height of the hill be h m.
(a) Express the lengths of AE and FB in terms of h.
(b) Find the vertical height of the hill. (Give the answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
245
(a) In the right-angled triangle ACE,

h
tan 30°=
AE
1 h
=
3 AE
∴AE = 3h m
In the right-angled triangle BDF,

1
tan B =
2.5
h 1
∴ =
FB 2.5
∴FB = 2.5h m
(b) AB = 200 m
∴3h + 6 + 2.5h = 200
h = 45.8
i.e. The vertical height of the hill is 45.8 m.
** 14 An aircraft is flying along the horizontal. When it reaches point

P, the angle of depression of the control tower X from the
aircraft is 25°. When it reaches point Q, the angle becomes 63°.
Y is a point on the route and the corresponding foot of
perpendicular is X where XY = h m.
(a) Express the length of PY in terms of h.
(b) Express the length of QY in terms of h.
(c) If P and Q is 3 500 m apart, find the height of the flight.
h
(a) tan 25°=
PY
h
PY =
tan 25
= 2.144 5h
= 2.145h m
h
(b) tan 63°=
QY
h
QY =
tan 63
= 0.509 53h
= 0.509 5h m
246
(c) PQ = PY + QY
3 500 = 2.144 5h + 0.509 53h
3 500 = 2.654 03h
h = 1 319
∴ The height of the flight is 1 319 m.
** 15 A ship is sailing in the direction N60°E from pier A for 5 km. Then it sails in the direction of 150°
for 12 km to pier B.
(a) Draw the route of the ship.

(b) Find the distance between pier A and B.
(c) Find the compass bearing of pier A from pier B. (Give the answer correct to 0.1°.)
(a)
(b) ∠
ACB = 60°+ (180°−150°)
= 60°+ 30°
= 90°
∴AB = 52 +122 (Pyth. Theorem)
= 13 km
5
(c) tan ∠
ABC =
12
∠
ABC = 22.6°
θ = 30°+ ∠
ABC
= 30°+ 22.6°
= 52.6°
∴The compass bearing of pier A from pier B is N52.6°W.
247
*** 16 (a) In ∆ABC, ∠B = 30°, ∠ACB = 135° and BC = 15 cm. Find the length of AB.
5
(b) In ∆EFG, sin A = 13 , tan B = 2 and AB = 29. Find the area of ∆ABC.
248
(a) In the right-angled triangle ACD,
∠
ADC = 90° (given)
∠
ACD = 180°−135° (adj. ∠
s on st. line)
= 45°
∠
CAD +∠ADC +∠ACD = 180° (∠sum of ∆
)
∴∠CAD = 45°
∴∆
ACD is an isosceles triangle, where AD =CD.
In the right-angled triangle ABD,

AD
tan B =
BD
AD
tan 30°=
BC + CD
3 AD
=
3 15 +AD
15( 3 +
1)
∴ AD =
2
AD
sin B =
AB
15( 3 +
1)
sin 30°= 2
AB
∴ AB = 15( 3 +
1) cm
5 CD
(b) sin A = =
13 AC
∴Let CD = 5k and AC = 13k, where k is a constant.
Using Pythagoras’ Theorem, AD = 12k.

CD
tan B = =2
BD
CD 5k
∴ BD = =
2 2
AB = 29
5k
∴AD + BD = 12k + = 29
2
∴ k =2
∴CD = 5k = 10
1
Area of ∆
ABC = (AB) (CD)
2
1
= (29) (10)
2
= 145
249
*** 17
In the figure, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. PQRS is a square with side 10 cm. Find
(a) PB,
(b) AP,
(c) BQ,
(d) the perimeter of ∆ABC.
250
(a) ∠
ABC = ∠
ACB (base ∠
s, isos. ∆
)
∴80°+ 2 ∠
ABC = 180° (∠sum of ∆
)
∠
ABC = 50°
In ∆
PBQ,
PQ
sin 50°=
PB
10
PB =
sin 50
= 13.05
= 13.1 cm
(b) Join AM.
PM = 5 cm, ∠
PAM = 40°
In ∆
APM,
PM
sin 40°=
AP
5
AP =
sin 40
= 7.78 cm
(c) In ∆
PBQ,
PQ
tan 50°=
BQ
10
BQ =
tan 50
= 8.39 cm
(d) AB = AP + PB
= 7.78 + 13.05
= 20.83 cm
= AC
Perimeter of ∆
ABC
= AB + AC + BC
= (20.83 + 20.83 + 8.39 + 10 + 8.39) cm
= 68.4 cm
251
*** 18 As shown in the figure, ABCD is the cross-section of

a dam in trapezoid shape. The height and the length
of the dam are 6 m and 50 m respectively. After
reconstruction, the width of the top of the dam will
increase 2 m and the slope will change from 1 : 2 to
1 : 2.5.
(a) Find the length of EB.
(b) Find the increased cross-sectional area of AFEB.
(c) Find the required volume of the materials during reconstruction.
252
(a) In the right-angled triangle ABG,

1
tan B =
2
AG 1
=
BG 2
6 1
=
BG 2
∴BG = 12 m
BH = BG −HG
= 12 −2
= 10 m
In the right-angled triangle FEH,

1
tan E =
2.5
FH 1
=
EH 2.5
6 2
=
EH 5
∴EH = 15 m
∴EB = EH −BH
= 15 −10
=5m
( AF +EB) ×AG
(b) Area of AFEB =
2
( 2 +5) ×6
=
2
= 21 m2
(c) The required volume of the materials = 21 ×50
= 1 050 m3
*** 19 City A concerns closely with the movement of a typhoon. The observatory of City A detects that the
centre of the typhoon is at City B, which is 300 km due east
of City A. The typhoon is moving in the direction of N60°W
with the speed of 26 km/h. Areas within 200 km far from the
centre of the typhoon will be affected.
(a) Will City A be affected by the typhoon? Why?

(b) If it is affected, how long will it be affected? (Give the
answer correct to 2 decimal places.)
253
Draw AC ⊥ BF.
(a) In the right-angled triangle ABC,
∠ ABC = 90° − 60° = 30°

AC
sin 30° =
AB
∴ AC = AB ⋅ sin 30°
= 300 ⋅ sin 30°
= 150 km
AC < 200 km
∴ City A will be affected by the typhoon.
(b) As shown in the figure, draw points D and E on BF such that AD = AE = 200.
In the right-angled triangle ACE,
2 2
CD = CE = AD − BC (Pyth. Theorem)
2 2
= 200 − 150
= 132.288
∴ DE = 2 × CD
= 2 × 132.288
= 264.576 km
264.576
= 10.18 hours
26
∴ City A will be affected for 10.18 hours.
254
*** 20
As shown in the figure, the compass bearing of C from A is S52°E, that of B from A is N84°E and
that of C from B is S38°W. An aircraft spends 2.5 hours to fly from A to B at a speed of 250 km/h.
Find
(a) ∠ACB ,
(b) the distance of AB,
(c) the distance of AC, correct to 3 significant figures.
(a) x1 = 52° (alt. ∠ s, // lines)
x2 = 38° (alt. ∠ s, // lines)
∴ ∠ ACB = x1 + x2
= 52° + 38°
= 90°
Distance
(b) Speed =
Time
AB
∴ 250 =
2.5
AB = 625 km
(c) ∠ BAC + 84 + 52 = 180° (adj. ∠ s on st. line)
∠ BAC = 44°
AC
cos ∠ BAC =
AB
AC = AB cos ∠ BAC
= 625 cos 44°
= 450 km
255
*** 21 In the figure, a ship sails from A to B for 10 km where the bearing
of B from A is N45°E. Then it sails to C in the direction of N20°E
for 15 km. Find
(a) the true bearing of C from A, correct to the nearest degree,

(b) the distance of AC, correct to 4 significant figures.
(a) ∠ BAP = 45°

AP
cos 45° =
AB
AP = 10 cos 45°
BP
sin 45° =
AB
BP = 10 sin 45° = RQ
∠ CBR = 70°
BR
cos 70° =
BC
BR = 15 cos 70° = PQ
CR
sin 70° =
BC
CR = 15 sin 70°
∴ AQ = AP + PQ
= 10 cos 45° + 15 cos 70°

QC = RQ + CR
= 10 sin 45° + 15 sin 70°

QC
tan ∠ CAQ =
AQ
10 sin 45 + 15sin 70
=
10 cos 45 + 15cos 70
∠ CAQ = 60°
∴ The true bearing of C from A is 030° .

(b) AC2 = AQ2 + QC2 (Pyth. Theorem)
AC = (10 cos 45 + 15cos 70 ) 2 + (10 sin 45 + 15sin 70 ) 2
= 24.43 km
256

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8654085.

doc 11 Trigonometric Ratios and Applications of Trigonometry (II)

* 1 Prove the following identities without using a calculator.

(b) 1 − 2 sin2 45° = 2 cos2 45° − 1

R.H.S. = 2 cos2 45°

(c) L.H.S. = tan2 60°−tan2 30°

* 2 As shown in the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and ∠ABC = 45°.

(a) Find the height of AE.

= 19 −15 cos 75°

* 3 Simplify the following expressions.

(a) 5 + 3 cos 2 x − 5 sin 2 x

* 4 Simplify the following expressions.

(a) 1 − sin 2 x ⋅ tan x

(b) 5 tan 2 θ cos 2 θ − 4 sin θ cos θ tan θ

(c) (tan 2 θ cos 2 θ −sin 2 θ )(tan 2 θ −sin 2 θ cos 2 θ )

= 0 ×(tan 2 θ −sin 2 θ cos 2 θ )

* 5 A car runs on a steep road of gradient 1 : 4 for 1 300 m. Find

(a) the inclination of the steep road θ,

Horizontal distance = 1 261 m

Vertical distance = 315.3 m

(a) Express the distance of BC in terms of h.

Refer to the figure above.

(a) x = 42°，y = 55°

(b) (i) N42°E

* 8 The compass bearing of B from A is N38°W and the compass

(a) x = 90° − 38° = 52°

y = 90° − 52° = 38°

∴ The compass bearing of B from C is N15.13° E.

Referring to the figure above,

Using Pythagoras’ Theorem, BD = AD2 +AB2

** 11 Prove the following identities.

(a) 2 sin (90 − θ ) − sin 2 θ + 2 = (1 + cos θ ) 2

= 2 cos θ −(1 −cos 2 θ ) + 2

(c) L.H.S. = sin θ cos θ (1 + tan 2 θ )

** 12 Simplify the following expressions.

(a) In the right-angled triangle ACE,

In the right-angled triangle BDF,

i.e. The vertical height of the hill is 45.8 m.

** 14 An aircraft is flying along the horizontal. When it reaches point

3 500 = 2.144 5h + 0.509 53h

3 500 = 2.654 03h

∴ The height of the flight is 1 319 m.

(a) Draw the route of the ship.

∴The compass bearing of pier A from pier B is N52.6°W.

(a) In the right-angled triangle ACD,

In the right-angled triangle ABD,

∴Let CD = 5k and AC = 13k, where k is a constant.

Using Pythagoras’ Theorem, AD = 12k.

= (20.83 + 20.83 + 8.39 + 10 + 8.39) cm

*** 18 As shown in the figure, ABCD is the cross-section of

(a) In the right-angled triangle ABG,

In the right-angled triangle FEH,

(a) Will City A be affected by the typhoon? Why?

∠ ABC = 90° − 60° = 30°

= 300 ⋅ sin 30°

x2 = 38° (alt. ∠ s, // lines)

= 625 cos 44°

(a) the true bearing of C from A, correct to the nearest degree,

(a) ∠ BAP = 45°

= 10 cos 45° + 15 cos 70°

= 10 sin 45° + 15 sin 70°

∴ The true bearing of C from A is 030° .