(eBook-PDF) Master's Reference To HTML 4

PART 1: HTML TAGS AND ATTRIBUTES
E
C
T
N
his section is a comprehensive reference

guide to all HTML tags, including stan-
E
dard tags and those introduced by Net-

scape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. For each tag, we’ve provided sample
R
code and indicated the following:

• The version of HTML with which the tag is associated
E
• Whether browsers widely support the tag

• Whether to pair the tag with a closing tag
F
For each tag’s attributes, we’ve provided sample code and indicated the following:
E
• The version of HTML with which the attribute is associated

• Whether browsers widely support the attribute
R
If tags and attributes appear in the HTML 4 standard, in the HTML 3.2 standard, or
in the HTML 2 standard, the version number appears next to Standard. We indicate
tags or attributes that are specific to a browser, such as Internet Explorer. In general, a
variety of browsers recognize technology-specific tags, such as those for frames, and
S
other browsers rarely recognize browser-specific tags. HTML 2 was the first official
HTML standard. The number of tags that this standard defined is small compared
with what is in use today. HTML 2 did not support tables, client-side image maps, or
’
frames. You can safely use all HTML 2 tags and attributes.
R
HTML 3.2 remains backward compatible with HTML 2, but provides many new
tags. Included in HTML 3.2 is support for tables, client-side image maps, embedded
applets, and many new attributes that help control alignment of objects within docu-
E
ments. You can assume that most browsers support or soon will support all HTML 3.2
tags and attributes.
T
HTML 4 remains backward compatible with other versions of HTML and expands
the capabilities to better address multiple languages and browser technologies such as
S
speech or Braille. Additionally, most formatting tags and attributes are deprecated
(strongly discouraged) in HTML 4 in favor of Style Sheets. At the time of writing, no
production browsers completely supported HTML 4, although Microsoft claimed that
A
Internet Explorer 4 would do so.

M
<A> 3 1
Specifying that a tag or an attribute is Common means that approximately 75 to

80 percent of browsers in common use accommodate the tag. All recent versions of
both Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator recognize Common tags and attributes.
We indicate variables as follows:
Variable What You Substitute
n A number (such as a size)
URL Some form of address (as in a hyperlink)
#RRGGBB A color value or a color name
... Some other value, such as a title or a name
!
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
Paired: No
Sample:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD/ HTML 4
< !– – – –> Final//EN”>
Inserts comments into a document. Browsers
A
do not display comments, although comments
are visible in the document source.
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes <A>
Sample:
Also called the anchor tag, identifies a link or a
<!—— Here is the picture of Fido ——>
location within a document. You commonly
<IMG SRC=”fidopic.jpg”>
use this tag to create a hyperlink, using the
HREF= attribute. You can also use the <A> tag to
< !DOCTYPE> identify sections within a document, using the
Appears at the beginning of the document and NAME= attribute.
indicates the HTML version of the document. Standard: HTML 2
The HTML 2 standard is: Common: Yes
Paired: Yes
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//IETF//DTD HTML 2 Sample:
//EN”>
<A HREF=”http://www.raycomm.com/”>Visit
The HTML 3.2 standard is:
RayComm</a>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD/ HTML 3.2
Final//EN”> Attribute Information
The HTML 4 standard is:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD/ HTML 4
ACCESSKEY=“…”
Final//EN”> Assigns a key sequence to the element.
4 <A>
Standard: HTML 4 ID=“…”

E
Common: No
Sample: Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
the <A> tag. When you then assign a style to
<A HREF=”help.html” ACCESSKEY=”H”>
C
that ID selector, it affects only that one

HELP</a>
instance of the <A> tag.
CHARSET=“…” Standard: HTML 4
N
Specifies character encoding of the data desig- Common: No

nated by the link. Use the name of a character Sample:
set defined in RFC2045. The default value for <A HREF=”next.html” ID=“123”>Next</A>
E
this attribute, appropriate for all Western lan-

guages, is “ISO-8859-1”. NAME=“…”
R
Standard: HTML 4 Marks a location within the current document

Common: No with a name. The browser can then quickly
Sample: move to specific information within a docu-
E
ment. You can link to existing named locations

<A HREF=”help.html” CHARSET=”ISO-8859-1”>
in a document by using a fragment URL, con-
HELP</a>
sisting of a pound sign (#) and the name (from
F
CLASS=“…” within that document), or by using a more

complete URL, including a pound sign and a
Indicates the style class to apply to the <A>
E
name (from other documents or sites).

element.
Standard: HTML 2
Standard: HTML 4 Common: Yes
R
Common: No Sample:
Sample:
<A HREF=”#ingredients”>Ingredients</A><BR>
<A HREF=”next.html” CLASS=”casual”> <A NAME=”ingredients”><h1>Ingredients</H1>
Next</A>
REL=“…”
S
COORDS=“x1, y1, x2, y2”

Specifies relationship hyperlinks.
Identifies the coordinates that define a click-
’
able area. Measure coordinates, in pixels, from Standard: HTML 3.2

the top left corner of the image. Common: No
Sample:
R
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No <A REV=”made”
Sample: HREF=”mailto:bob@company.com”>
E
<A SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30” REV=“…”

HREF=”food.html”>
Specifies reverse relationship hyperlinks.
T
HREF=“URL” Standard: HTML 3.2

Specifies the relative or absolute location of a Common: No
S
file to which you want to provide a hyperlink. Sample:
Standard: HTML 2 <A REV=”Previous”

HREF=”http://www.raycomm.com/firstdoc.htm”>
A
Common: Yes
Sample:
<A HREF=”details.html”>More Info</a>
M
<ACRONYM> 5 1
SHAPE=“{RECT, CIRCLE, POLY}” Specifies text assigned to the tag that you can
use for context-sensitive help within the docu-
Specifies the type of shape used to represent ment. Browsers may use this to show tool tips
the clickable area. SHAPE=RECT indicates that the over the hyperlink.
shape is rectangular. SHAPE=CIRCLE specifies
that the shape is a circle. SHAPE=POLY indicates Standard: HTML 4
that the shape is a polygon represented by Common: Yes
three or more points. Sample:
Standard: HTML 4 <A HREF=”page2.html”

Common: No TITLE=”Go to the next page”>
Sample: Other Attributes
<A SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30”
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
STYLE=“…” onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to See the Element-Independent Attributes sec-
the contents within the <A> tags. tion of this reference for definitions and
Standard: HTML 4 examples.
Common: No
Sample:
<A STYLE=”background: red”
<ACRONYM>
HREF=”page2.html”>Page 2</A> Indicates an acronym in a document.
TABINDEX=“n” Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Indicates where the element appears in the Paired: Yes
tabbing order of the document. Sample:
Standard: HTML 4 <P><ACRONYM>HTTP</ACRONYM> stands for
Common: No HyperText Transfer Protocol</P>
Sample:
<A HREF=”food.html” TABINDEX=”4”>Food</A>
Attribute Information
TARGET=“…” CLASS=“…”
Indicates the name of a specific frame into Indicates which style class applies to the
which you load the linked document. You <ACRONYM> element.
establish frame names within the <FRAME>
Standard: HTML 4
tag. The value of this attribute can be any sin-
Common: No
gle word. Sample:
Standard: HTML 4 <P><ACRONYM CLASS=”casual”>HTTP</ACRONYM>
Common: Yes stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol</P>
Sample:
<A HREF=”/frames/frame2.html”
TARGET=”pages”>Go to Page 2</a>
TITLE=“…”
6 <ACRONYM>
ID=“…” <ADDRESS>
E
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of In a document, distinguishes an address from

the <ACRONYM> tag. When you then assign a normal document text.
C
style to that ID selector, it affects only that one

instance of the <ACRONYM> tag. Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
Standard: HTML 4 Paired: Yes
N
Common: No Sample:
Sample:
I live at:
<P><ACRONYM ID=“123”>HTTP</ACRONYM> stands
E
<ADDRESS>123 Nowhere Ave<BR>City, State

for HyperText Transfer Protocol</P> 12345</ADDRESS>
STYLE=“…” Attribute Information
R
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to

the definition. ALIGN={LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER}
E
Standard: HTML 4 Indicates how the address text is aligned

Common: No within the document. ALIGN=LEFT positions the
Sample:
F
address text flush with the left side of the doc-

<P><ACRONYM STYLE=”background: blue; ument. ALIGN=RIGHT positions the address text
color: white”>ESP</ACRONYM> stands for flush with the right side of the document.
E
extra-sensory perception.</P> ALIGN=CENTER centers the address text between

the left and right edges of the document.
TITLE=“…”
R
Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated in

Specifies text assigned to the tag. For the favor of Style Sheets
<ACRONYM> tag, use this to provide the expan- Common: Yes
sion of the term. You might also use this Sample:
attribute for context-sensitive help within the <ADDRESS ALIGN=”CENTER”>123 Anywhere
document. Browsers may use this to show tool
S
St.</ADDRESS>
tips over the text.
CLASS=“…”
Standard: HTML 4
’
Common: No Indicates the style class to apply to the

Sample: <ADDRESS> element.
R
<P><ACRONYM TITLE=”HyperText Transfer Standard: HTML 4

Protocol”>HTTP</ACRONYM> stands for Common: No
HyperText Transfer Protocol</P> Sample:
E
Other Attributes <ADDRESS CLASS=”casual”>

123 First Ave.</ADDRESS>
T

onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, ID=”…”
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
S

the <ADDRESS> tag. When you then assign a
See the Element-Independent Attributes sec-
tion of this reference for definitions and
A
instance of the <ADDRESS> tag.

examples.
M
<APPLET> 7 1

Common: No Paired: Yes
Sample: Sample:
<ADDRESS ID=“123”>1600 Pennsylvania <APPLET CODE=”game.class”>
</ADDRESS> It appears your browser does not
support Java. You’re missing out on
STYLE=“…” a whole world of neat things!
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to </APPLET>
the contents within the <ADDRESS> tags.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes ALIGN={LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT}
Sample:
Specifies the horizontal alignment of the Java
<ADDRESS STYLE=”background: red”> applet displayed. For example, a value of CEN-
TITLE=“…” TER tells the browser to place the applet evenly
spaced between the left and right edges of the
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might browser window.
use this attribute for context-sensitive help
within the document. Browsers may use this to Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated in
show tool tips over the address text. HTML 4 in favor of Style
Sheets.
Standard: HTML 4 Common: No
Common: No Sample:
Sample:
<APPLET ALIGN=CENTER
<ADDRESS TITLE=”Address”> CODE=””http://www.raycomm.com/
checkers.class”>
Other Attributes You lose. Would you like to play again?
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Hit the RELOAD button.<BR>
</APPLET>
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, ALT=“…”
See the Element-Independent Attributes sec- Displays a textual description of a Java applet,
tion of this reference for definitions and if necessary.
examples. Standard: HTML 3.2
Common: No
Sample:
<APPLET> <APPLET CODE=””http://www.raycomm.com/
Embeds a Java applet object into an HTML checkers.class”>ALT=”A Game of checkers”>
document. Typically, items that appear inside We could have had a relaxing game of
the <APPLET> tags allow browsers that do not checkers if your browser supported
support Java applets to view alternative text. Java applets. I’ll gladly play with
Browsers that do support Java ignore all infor- you if you enable Java applets or
upgrade to a browser that supports
mation between the <APPLET> tags.
Java.
Standard HTML 3.2; deprecated in </APPLET>
HTML 4 in favor of <OBJECT>
8 <APPLET>
CODE=“URL” HSPACE=“n”
E
Specifies the relative or absolute location of the Specifies an amount of blank space (measured
Java bytecode file on the server. in pixels) to the left and right of the Java
C
applet within the document.

Standard: HTML 3.2
Common: No Standard: HTML 3.2
Sample: Common: No
N
Sample:
<APPLET CODE=”http://www.raycomm.com/
checkers.class”> <APPLET HSPACE=”10”
Dang! Your browser does not support CODE=”/checkers.class”>
E
Java applets. You may want to consider Sorry. Due to the fact your browser
installing a newer web browser. does not support embedded Java
</APPLET> applets, you’ll have to play checkers
R
the old way today.

CODEBASE=“URL” </APPLET>
Specifies the directory where you can find all
E
NAME=“…”
necessary Java class files on the WWW server.
If you set this attribute, you need not use Assigns the applet instance a name so that
F
explicit URLs in other references to the class other applets can identify it within the
files. For example, you would not need an document.
explicit reference in the CODE= attribute.
E
Standard: Internet Explorer

Standard: HTML 3.2 Common: No
Common: No Sample:
R
Sample: <APPLET SRC=”/checkers.class”

<APPLET NAME=”Checkers”>
CODEBASE=”http://www.raycomm.com/ </APPLET>
checkers.class” CODE=”checkers.html”>
PARAM NAME=“…”
If your browser supported inline Java
S
applets, you’d be looking at a very Passes program parameters to the Java applet.
attractive checkerboard right now.
</APPLET> Standard: HTML 3.2
’
Common: No
HEIGHT=“n” Sample:
R
Specifies the height (measured in pixels) of the <APPLET CODE=”/checkers.class”

Java applet object within the document. PARAM COLOR=”red”>
Since your browser does not support
E
Standard: HTML 3.2 inline Java applets, I win this game

Common: No of checkers by forfeit.
Sample: </APPLET>
T
<APPLET HEIGHT=”200” CODE=”checkers.class”> TITLE=”…”

Since your browser does not support inline
Java applets, we won’t be playing checkers Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
S
today. </APPLET> use this attribute for context-sensitive help

within the document. Browsers may use this to
A
show tool tips over the embedded applet.

M
<AREA> 9 1
Standard: HTML 4 <AREA>

Common: No
Sample: Defines an area within a client-side image map
<APPLET SRC=”/java/thing.class” definition (see the <MAP> tag). It indicates an
TITLE=”Thing”> area where visitors can choose to link to
another document.
VSPACE=“n”
Standard: HTML 3.2
Specifies the amount of vertical space (mea- Common: Yes
sured in pixels) above and below the Java Paired: No
applet. Sample:
Standard: HTML 3.2 <AREA SHAPE=RECT COORDS=”20,8,46,30”
Common: No HREF=”food.html”>
Sample:
<APPLET VSPACE=”10”
CODE=”/checkers.class”>
If you had a Java-capable browser, you ALT=“…”
could be playing checkers!
Provides a textual description for visitors who
</APPLET>
have text-only browsers.
WIDTH=“n” Standard: HTML 4
Specifies the width (measured in pixels) of a Common: Yes
Java applet within a document. Sample:
Standard: HTML 3.2 <AREA ALT=”This blue rectangle links to

Common: No blue.html” HREF=”blue.html”>
Sample: CLASS=“…”
<APPLET WIDTH=”350”
Indicates the style class you want to apply to
CODE=”/checkers.class”>
the <AREA> element.
Checkers can be a lot of fun, but it’s
more fun if your browser supports Java. Standard: HTML 4
Sorry. Common: No
</APPLET> Sample:
Other Attributes <AREA CLASS=”casual” SHAPE=”RECT”
COORDS=”20,8,46,30” HREF=”food.html”>
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, COORDS=“x1, y1, x2, y2”
Identifies the coordinates within an image
map that define the image map area. Measure
See the Element-Independent Attributes section
coordinates, in pixels, from the top left corner
of this reference for definitions and examples.
of the image.
Standard: HTML 3.2
Common: Yes
Sample:
<AREA SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30”
10 <AREA>
HREF=“URL” the shape of the image map area is rectangular.

E
SHAPE=CIRCLE specifies that the shape of the

Identifies the location of the document you image map area is a circle. SHAPE=POLY indicates
want to load when the indicated image map that the shape of the image map area is a poly-
C
area is selected. gon represented by three or more points.

Standard: HTML 3.2 Standard: HTML 3.2
Common: Yes
N
Common: Yes
Sample: Sample:
E
ID=“…” STYLE=“…”
R
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
the <AREA> tag. When you then assign a style to the image map area.
that ID selector, it affects this instance of the
E
<AREA> tag. Standard: HTML 4

Common: No
Standard: HTML 4 Sample:
F
Common: No
Sample: <AREA SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30”
HREF=”food.html” STYLE=”background: red”>
<AREA ID=“123”>
E
TABINDEX=“n”
NOHREF
Indicates where the image map area appears in
R
Defines an image map area that does not link the tabbing order of the document.
to another document.
Standard: HTML 4
Standard: HTML 3.2 Common: Yes
Common: Yes Sample:
Sample:
S

<AREA SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30” HREF=”food.html” TABINDEX=4>
NOHREF>
TARGET=“…”
’
NOTAB
Identifies which named frame the linked doc-
R
Excludes the image map area from the tab ument selected should load. For example,
order. when visitors select an area within an image
Standard: Internet Explorer map, the linked document may load in the
E
Common: Yes same frame or in a different frame, specified

Sample: by TARGET=”...”.
T
<AREA SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30” Standard: HTML 4

HREF=”food.html” NOTAB> Common: Yes
Sample:
SHAPE=“{RECT, CIRCLE, POLY}”
S

Specifies the type of shape used to represent HREF=”food.html” TARGET=”leftframe”>
the image map area. SHAPE=RECT indicates that
A
M
<BASE> 11 1
TITLE=“…” selector, it affects only that one instance of the

<B> tag.
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
use this attribute for context-sensitive help Standard: HTML 4
within the document. Browsers may use this to Common: No
show tool tips over the image map area. Sample:
Standard: HTML 4 I work for <B ID=“123”>Widgets Inc.</B>

Common: No STYLE=“…”
Sample:
the contents within the <B> tags.
HREF=”food.html” NAME=”Food!”>
Standard: HTML 4
Other Attributes Common: No
This tag also accepts the lang and dir attrib- Sample:
utes. See the Element-Independent Attributes <B STYLE=”background: red”>
section of this reference for definitions and
examples. TITLE=“…”
B within the document. Browsers may use this to

show tool tips over the boldface
Standard:
Common:
HTML 4
No
<B> Sample:
Indicates text that should appear in boldface. <B TITLE=”Species”>Dog Species</B>
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
Other Attributes
Paired: Yes This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
Sample: onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
The afternoon was <B>so</B> hot! onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
Attribute Information See the Element-Independent Attributes section
CLASS=“…”
Indicates which style class applies to the <B> <BASE>
element.
Identifies the location where all relative URLs
Standard: HTML 4 in your document originate.
Common: No
Sample: Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
<B CLASS=”casual”>Boom!</B> Paired: No
Sample:
ID=”…”
<BASE HREF=”http://www.raycomm.com/info/”>
the <B> tag. When you assign a style to that ID
12 <BASE>
Attribute Information Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated

E
in HTML 4 in favor of
Style Sheets
HREF=“URL” Common: Yes
C
Indicates the relative or absolute location of Sample:

the base document. <BASEFONT SIZE=”2” COLOR=”#FF00CC”>
N
Standard: HTML 2 FACE=“…,…”

Common: Yes
Sample: Specifies the font face of normal text within a
document. You can set this attribute to a
E
<BASE HREF=”http://www.raycomm.com/”>
comma-separated list of font names. The
TARGET=“…” browser selects the first name matching a font
R
available.
Identifies in which named frame you load a
document (see the HREF= attribute). Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated
E
Standard: HTML 4 Style Sheets

Common: Yes Common: Yes
Sample: Sample:
F
<BASE HREF=”http://www.raycomm.com/frames/” <BASEFONT FACE=”Avant Guard, Helvetica,

TARGET=”main”> Arial”>
E
<BASEFONT> SIZE=“n”
Specifies the font size of normal text within a
R
Provides a font setting for normal text within a

document. Font settings (see the <FONT> tag) document. Valid values are integer numbers in
within the document are relative to settings the range 1 to 7 with 3 being the default setting.
specified with this tag. Use this tag in the doc- Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated
ument header (between the <HEAD> tags). in HTML 4 in favor of
S
Style Sheets
Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated
in HTML 4 in favor of Common: Yes
Style Sheets Sample:
’
Common: Yes <BASEFONT SIZE=”5”>

Paired: No
R
Sample:
<BDO>
<BASEFONT SIZE=”5”>
Indicates text that should appear with the
E
Attribute Information direction (left to right or right to left) specified,

overriding other language-specific settings.
T
COLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...” Standard: HTML 4

Common: No
Sets the font color of normal text within a doc-
Paired: Yes
ument. Color names may substitute for the
S
Sample:
explicit RGB hexadecimal values.
<P LANG=”IW” DIR=”RTL”>This Hebrew text
A
contains a number, <BDO=”LTR”>29381</BDO>,

that must appear left to right.</P>
M
<BIG> 13 1
Attribute Information Attribute Information

This tag accepts the lang and dir attributes. See
the Element-Independent Attributes section of
CLASS=“…”
this reference for definitions and examples. Indicates which style class applies to the <BIG>
element.
<BGSOUND> Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Embeds a background sound file within docu- Sample:
ments. Use in the document head of docu-
<BIG CLASS=”casual”>Instructions</BIG>
ments intended for visitors who use Internet
Explorer. ID=”…”
Standard: Internet Explorer Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
Common: Yes the <BIG> tag. When you then assign a style to
Paired: No that ID selector, it affects only that one
Sample:
instance of the <BIG> tag.
<BGSOUND SRC=”scream.wav”>
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Attribute Information Sample:
LOOP=“{n, INFINITE}” <BIG ID=“123”>REMINDER:</BIG>

Eat 5 servings of fruits and
Specifies the number of times a background vegetables every day!
sound file repeats. The value INFINITE is the
default. STYLE=“…”
Standard: Internet Explorer Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to

Common: No the contents within the <BIG> tags.
<BGSOUND SRC=”bugle.wav” LOOP=”2”> Common: No
Sample:
SRC=“URL”
<BIG STYLE=”background: red”>
Indicates the explicit or relative location of the
sound file. TITLE=“…”
Standard: Internet Explorer Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might use
Common: No this attribute for context-sensitive help within
Sample: the document. Browsers may use this to show
tool tips over the text inside the <BIG> tags.
<BGSOUND SRC=”wah.wav”>
Standard: HTML 4
<BIG> Common:
Sample:
No
Indicates that text display in a larger font.

<BIG TITLE=”Bigger”>
Standard: HTML 3.2
Common: Yes Other Attributes
Paired: Yes This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
Sample: onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, onmouse-
<BIG>Lunch</BIG> over, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onKeyPress,
<p>Lunch will be served at 2 p.m. onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. See the
14 <BIG>
Element-Independent Attributes section of this <BLOCKQUOTE>

E
reference for definitions and examples.

Provides left and right indention of affected
text and is useful for quoting a direct source
<BLINK>
C
within a document. Use for indention is depre-

A Netscape-specific tag that makes text blink cated. Use <BLOCKQUOTE> to signify only a block
quotation.
N
on and off.
Standard: Netscape Navigator; Style Standard: HTML 2
Sheets offer the same func- Common: Yes
Paired: Yes
E
tionality in a more widely

recognized syntax. Sample:
Common: No Dr. Henry’s remarks are below:
R
Paired: Yes <BLOCKQUOTE>I really like the procedure.

Sample: </BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BLINK>NEW INFO</BLINK>: We moved!
E
CITE=“…”
F
CLASS=“…” Specifies a reference URL for the quotation.

Indicates which style class applies to the
E
Standard: HTML 4
<BLINK> element. Common: No
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
R
Common: No <BLOCKQUOTE
Sample: CITE=”http://www.clement.moore.com/
xmas.html”>
<BLINK CLASS=”casual”>NEW INFORMATION
Twas the night…
</BLINK>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
S
ID=”…”
CLASS=“…”
’
the <BLINK> tag. When you then assign a style

<BLOCKQUOTE> element.
to that ID selector, it affects only that one
R
instance of the <BLINK> tag. Standard: HTML 4

Common: No
Common: No
E
Sample: <BLOCKQUOTE CLASS=”casual”>

Twas the night before Christmas…
<BLINK ID=“123”>12 Hour Sale!</BLINK> </BLOCKQUOTE>
T
STYLE=“…” ID=“…”
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
S
the contents within the <BLINK> tags. the <BLOCKQUOTE> tag. When you then assign a
Standard: HTML 4 style to that ID selector, it affects only that one
A
Common: No instance of the <BLOCKQUOTE> tag.

Sample:
<BLINK STYLE=”background: red”>
M
<BODY> 15 A
1
Standard: HTML 4 Standard: HTML 2

Common: No Common: Yes
Sample: Paired: Yes
Sample:
On July 12, John wrote a profound
sentence in his diary: <BODY>
<BLOCKQUOTE ID=“123”>I woke up this <H1>HELLO!</H1>
morning at nine and it was raining. </BODY>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
STYLE=“…”
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to ALINK=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
the contents within the <BLOCKQUOTE> tags.
Indicates the color of hyperlink text while the
Standard: HTML 4 text is selected. Color names can substitute for
Common: No the RGB hexadecimal values.
Sample:
<BLOCKQUOTE STYLE=”background: red”> in HTML 4 in favor of
Style Sheets
TITLE=“…” Common: Yes
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might Sample:
use this attribute for context-sensitive help <BODY BGCOLOR=”#000ABC” TEXT=”#000000”
within the document. Browsers may use this to LINK=”#FFFFFF” VLINK=”#999999”
show tool tips over the quoted text. ALINK=”#FF0000”>
Standard: HTML 4 BACKGROUND=“URL”
Common: No
Sample: Specifies the relative or absolute location of an
image file that tiles across the document’s
<BLOCKQUOTE TITLE=”Quotation”> background.
Other Attributes Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, in HTML 4 in favor of
Style Sheets
Common: Yes
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, Sample:
See the Element-Independent Attributes section <BODY BACKGROUND=”images/slimey.gif”>
of this reference for definitions and examples. BGCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
Indicates the color of a document’s back-
<BODY> ground. Color names can substitute for the
Acts as a container for the body of the docu- RGB hexadecimal values.
ment. It appears after the <HEAD> tag and is fol- Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated
lowed by the </HTML> tag. In HTML 3.2, the in HTML 4 in favor of
<BODY> tag also sets various color settings and Style Sheets
background characteristics of the document; Common: Yes
however, in HTML 4, those formatting attrib- Sample:
utes are deprecated in favor of Style Sheets. <BODY BGCOLOR=”#000ABC” TEXT=”#000000”
LINK=”#FFFFFF” VLINK=”#999999”
ALINK=”#FF0000”>
16 <BODY>
BGPROPERTIES=“FIXED” Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated

E
Specifies the behavior of the background image Style Sheets
(see the BACKGROUND attribute.) BGPROPERTIES= Common: Yes
C
FIXED indicates that the background image Sample:

remains in place as you scroll the document,
<BODY BGCOLOR=”#000ABC” TEXT=”#000000”
creating a watermark effect. LINK=”#FFFFFF” VLINK=”#999999”
N
Standard: Internet Explorer ALINK=”#FF0000”>

Common: No
Sample:
SCROLL=“{YES, NO}”
E
<BODY BACKGROUND=”waves.jpg” Indicates whether scrolling is possible within

BGPROPERTIES=”FIXED”> the document body.
R
CLASS=“…” Standard: Internet Explorer 4

Common: No
Indicates which style class applies to the Sample:
E
<BODY> element.
<BODY BGCOLOR=”silver” SCROLL=”NO”>
Standard: HTML 4
STYLE=“…”
F
Common: No
Sample: Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
<BODY CLASS=”casual”> the document body.
E
ID=“n” Standard: HTML 4

Common: No
R
Assigns a unique ID selector to the <BODY> tag. Sample:

Standard: HTML 4 <BODY STYLE=”background: red”>
Common: No
Sample: TEXT=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
<BODY ID=“123”> Indicates the color of normal text within the
S
document. Color names can substitute for the

LEFTMARGIN=“n” RGB hexadecimal values.
’
Specifies the width (in pixels) of a margin of Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated
white space along the left edge of the entire in HTML 4 in favor of
R
document. Style Sheets.

Common: Yes
Standard: Internet Explorer Sample:
Common: No
E
Sample: <BODY BGCOLOR=”#000ABC” TEXT=”#000000”

LINK=”#FFFFFF” VLINK=”#999999”
<BODY LEFTMARGIN=”30”> ALINK=”#FF0000”>
T
LINK=“#RRGGBB” or “...” TITLE=“…”

Indicates the color of hyperlink text within the Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
S
document, which corresponds to documents use this attribute for context-sensitive help
not already visited by the browser. Color names within the document. Browsers may use this to
A
can substitute for the RGB hexadecimal values. show tool tips.
M
<BR> 17 1
Standard: HTML 4 I live at:

Common: No <P>123 Nowhere Ave<BR>
Sample: New York, NY 12345
<BODY TITLE=”Document body”> Attribute Information
TOPMARGIN=“n”
CLASS=“…”
Specifies the size (in pixels) of a margin of
white space along the top edge of the entire Indicates which style class applies to the
document. element.
Standard: Internet Explorer Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Common: No
Sample: Sample:
<BODY TOPMARGIN=”10”> <BR CLASS=”casual”>
VLINK=“#RRGGBB” or “...” CLEAR=“{ALL, LEFT, RIGHT, NONE}”

Indicates the color of hyperlink text within the Discontinues alignment of text to inline
document, which corresponds to documents graphic images. The sample demonstrates how
already visited by the browser. Color names you can force the text to appear after the image
can substitute for the RGB hexadecimal values. and not alongside it.
Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated Standard: HTML 3.2
in HTML 4 in favor of Common: Yes
Common: Yes <IMG SRC=”portrait.jpg” ALIGN=”RIGHT”>
Sample: <BR CLEAR=”ALL”>
<BODY BGCOLOR=”#000ABC” TEXT=”#000000” <P>The above photo was taken when I was in
LINK=”#FFFFFF” VLINK=”#999999” Florida.
ALINK=”#FF0000”> ID=“…”
Other Attributes Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onload, the <BR> tag. When you then assign a style to
onunload, onClick, onDblClick, onMouseDown, that ID selector, it affects only that one
onMouseUp, onMouseOver, onMouseMove, instance of the <BR> tag.
onMouseOut, onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and Standard: HTML 4
onKeyUp attributes. See the Element- Common: No
Independent Attributes section of this refer- Sample:
ence for definitions and examples.
<BR ID=“123”>
STYLE=“…”
<BR>
Breaks a line of continuous text and prevents the <BR> tag.
text alignment around images.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes Sample:
Paired: No
Sample: <BR STYLE=”background: red”>
18 <BR>
TITLE=“…” DISABLED
E
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might Denies access to the input method.
Standard: HTML 4
C
within the document. Browsers may use this to Common: No

show tool tips. Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
N
<BUTTON TYPE=”SUBMIT” NAME=”Pass”

Common: No DISABLED>
Sample:
ID=“n”
<BR CLEAR=”ALL” TITLE=”Stop image wrap”>
E

<BUTTON> the <INPUT> tag. When you then assign a style
R

Sets up a button to submit or reset a form as instance of the <INPUT> tag.
well as to activate a script. Use the <IMG> tag
Standard: HTML 4
E
between the opening and closing <BUTTON> tags

to specify a graphical button. Common: No
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
F
Common: No <BUTTON ID=”123” TYPE=”SUBMIT”

Paired: Yes VALUE=”Submit”>
E
Sample: NAME=“…”
<BUTTON TYPE=”BUTTON” VALUE=”Run Program” Gives a name to the value you pass to the form
onclick(doit)>Click it</BUTTON>
R
processor.
Attribute Information Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes
ACCESSKEY=“…” Sample:
<BUTTON TYPE=”BUTTON” NAME=”RUNPROG”
S
Associates a key sequence with the button.

VALUE=”Click to Run”>
Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes STYLE=“…”
’
Sample:
R
<BUTTON ACCESSKEY=”B”>Click Me! the element.

</BUTTON>
Standard: HTML 4
CLASS=“…” Common: No
E
Sample:
<BUTTON> element. <BUTTON STYLE=”background: red”
T
TYPE=”BUTTON” NAME=”RUNPROG”
Standard: HTML 4 VALUE=”Click to Run”>
Common: No
Sample: TABINDEX=“n”
S
<BUTTON CLASS=”casual” TYPE=”SUBMIT” Specifies where the input method appears in

VALUE=”Submit”> the tab order. For example, TABINDEX=3 places
A
M
<CAPTION> 19 1
the cursor at the button element after the visi- onMouseUp, onMouseOver, onMouseMove,
tor presses the Tab key three times. onMouseOut, onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and
onKeyUp attributes. See the Element-
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Independent Attributes section of this refer-
Sample: ence for definitions and examples.
<BUTTON TYPE=”BUTTON” NAME=”RUNPROG”
C
VALUE=”Click to Run” TABINDEX=”3”>
TITLE=“…”
<CAPTION>
show tool tips over the input method. Used inside <TABLE> tags to specify a descrip-
tion for a table.
Standard: HTML 4
Sample: Common: Yes
Paired: Yes
<BUTTON TYPE=”SUBMIT” NAME=”cc” Sample:
VALUE=”visa” TITLE=”Visa”>
<TABLE>
TYPE=“…” <CAPTION VALIGN=”TOP” ALIGN=”CENTER”>
Indicates the kind of button to create. SUBMIT Test Grades For COOKING 101
</CAPTION>
produces a button that, when selected, submits
<TR>
all the name-value pairs to the form processor. <TH>Student</TH><TH>Grade</TH>
RESET sets all the input methods to their empty </TR>
or default settings. BUTTON creates a button with <TR>
no specific behavior that can interact with <TD>B. Smith</TD><TD>88</TD>
scripts. </TR>
<TR>
Standard: HTML 4 <TD>J. Doe</TD><TD>45</TD> </TR>
Common: Yes </TABLE>
Sample:
<BUTTON TYPE=”BUTTON” VALUE=”Send Data…” Attribute Information
onclick(verify())>
</FORM> ALIGN=“{TOP, BOTTOM, LEFT, RIGHT}”
VALUE=“…” Indicates whether the caption appears at the
top, bottom, left, or right of the table.
Sets the default value for the button face.
Standard: HTML 3.2; LEFT and RIGHT
Standard: HTML 4
added in HTML 4
Common: No
Common: Yes
Sample:
Sample:
<BUTTON TYPE=”BUTTON” NAME=”id”
<CAPTION ALIGN=”TOP”>
VALUE=”Press Me”>
Seattle Staff Directory
Other Attributes </CAPTION>
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onfocus,

onblur, onClick, onDblClick, onMouseDown,
20 <CAPTION>
CLASS=“…” See the Element-Independent Attributes section

E

<CAPTION> element.
<CENTER>
C
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Positions text an equal distance between the left
Sample:
N
and right edges of the document. This tag, now

<CAPTION CLASS=”casual”>Hydrogen vs officially replaced by the <DIV ALIGN=”CENTER”>
Oxygen</CAPTION> attribute, was included in HTML 3.2 only
because of its widespread use.
E
ID=”…”
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of in HTML 4
R
the <CAPTION> tag. When you then assign a Common: Yes

style to that ID selector, it affects only that one Paired: Yes
instance of the <CAPTION> tag. Sample:
E
Standard: HTML 4 <CENTER><BLINK><H1>ONE-DAY

Common: No SALE!</H1></BLINK></CENTER>
Sample:
F
<TABLE> <CITE>
<CAPTION ID=“123”>Great
E
Provides an in-text citation of a proper title

Painters</CAPTION>
such as the title of a book. Most browsers dis-
STYLE=“…” play the text inside the <CITE> tags in italics.
R
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to Standard: HTML 2

the contents of the <CAPTION> tags. Common: Yes
Paired: Yes
Common: No
S
Sample: I just finished reading <CITE>Being

Digital</CITE> by Nicholas Negroponte.
<CAPTION STYLE=”background: red”>
’
TITLE=“…” Attribute Information

R
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might CLASS=“…”

within the document. Browsers may use this to Indicates which style class applies to the
<CITE> element.
E
show tool tips over the caption.

Common: Yes Common: No
T
Sample: Sample:
<CAPTION TITLE=”Table caption”> This came from <CITE CLASS=”casual”>

S
Emerson’s Walden Pond</CITE>

Other Attributes
ID=”…”
A

the <CITE> tag. When you then assign a style to
M
<CODE> 21 1
that ID selector, it affects only that one Standard: HTML 2

instance of the <CITE> tag. Common: Yes
Paired: Yes
Common: No
Sample: To display the value of the cost
variable use the
I read about this in <CITE ID=“123”> <CODE>printf(“%0.2f\n”, cost); </CODE>
World Weekly News</CITE> function call.
STYLE=“…”
the contents within the <CITE> tags. CLASS=“…”
Standard: HTML 4 Indicates which style class applies to the
Common: No <CODE> element.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
<CITE STYLE=”background: red”> Common: No
TITLE=“…” Sample:
<CODE CLASS=”casual>x++;</CODE>
use this attribute for context-sensitive help ID=”…”
show tool tips over the cited text. Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
the <CODE> tag. When you then assign a style to
Standard: HTML 4 that ID selector, it affects only that one
Common: No instance of the <CODE> tag.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
<CITE TITLE=”Citation”>FDA Vegetable Common: No
Pamphlet</CITE> Sample:
Other Attributes <CODE ID=“123”>while(x) x—;</CODE>
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, STYLE=“…”
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. the contents within the <CODE> tags.
See the Element-Independent Attributes section Standard: HTML 4
of this reference for definitions and examples. Common: No
Sample:
<CODE> <BODY STYLE=”background: red”>
Embeds excerpts of program source code into TITLE=“…”

your document text. This is useful if you want Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
to show program source code inline within a use this attribute for context-sensitive help
paragraph of normal text. For showing format- within the document. Browsers may use this to
ted segments of source code longer than one show tool tips over the code text.
line, use the <PRE> tag.
22 <CODE>
Standard: HTML 4 CHAR=“…”

E
Common: No
Sample: Specifies the character on which cell contents
will align, if ALIGN=“CHAR”. If you omit CHAR=,
<CODE TITLE=”C Code”>exit(1);</CODE>
C
the default value is the decimal point in the

Other Attributes specified language.
Standard: HTML 4
N

Common: No
Sample:
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. <COL ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,”>
E

CHAROFF=“n”
R
Specifies the number of characters from the

left at which the alignment character appears..
<COL>
Standard: HTML 4
E
Specifies attributes for a table column. Common: No

F
Common: No <COL ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,” CHAROFF=”7”>

Paired: No
Sample: ID=“…”
E
<TABLE> Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of

<COLGROUP> the <COL> tag. When you assign a style to that
R
<COL ALIGN=”RIGHT”> ID selector, it affects only that one instance of

<COL ALIGN=”CENTER”> the <COL> tag.
<TR> <TD>This cell is aligned right</TD>
<TD>This cell is centered</TD> Standard: HTML 4
</TR> Common: No
</TABLE> Sample:
S
<COL ID=“123”>
SPAN=“n”
’
ALIGN=“{LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER,

Indicates the number of columns in the group.
JUSTIFY, CHAR}”
R
Standard: HTML 4
Specifies how text within the table columns Common: No
will line up with the edges of the table cells, or Sample:
E
if ALIGN=CHAR, on a specific character (the deci-

mal point). <COLGROUP>
<COL ALIGN=”RIGHT” SPAN=”2”>
T
Standard: HTML 4
Sample:
S
<COL ALIGN=”CENTER”> the contents of the <COL> tags.

Standard: HTML 4
A
Common: No
Sample:
<COL STYLE=”background: black”>
M
<COLGROUP> 23 1
TITLE=“…” <COLGROUP>
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might Specifies characteristics for a group of table
use this attribute for context-sensitive help columns.
show tool tips over the table column. Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Standard: HTML 4 Paired: Yes
Common: No Sample:
Sample:
<TABLE>
<COL TITLE=”Table column”> <COLGROUP VALIGN=”TOP”>
<COL ALIGN=”RIGHT”>
WIDTH=“n” <COL ALIGN=”CENTER”>
Specifies the horizontal dimension of a column <TR>
(in pixels or as a percentage). Special values of <TD>This cell is aligned top and
right</TD>
“0*” force the column to the minimum
<TD>This cell is aligned top and
required width, and “2*” requires that the col-
centered</TD>
umn receive proportionately twice as much </TR>
space as it otherwise would. </TABLE>
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Attribute Information
Sample:
ALIGN=“{LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER,
<COL WIDTH=”100”>
JUSTIFY, CHAR}”
VALIGN=“{TOP, BOTTOM, BASELINE, Specifies how text within the table columns
MIDDLE}” lines up with the edges of the table cells, or if
Vertically positions the contents of the table ALIGN=CHAR, on a specific character (the deci-
column. VALIGN=”TOP” positions the contents mal point).
flush with the top of the column. VALIGN= Standard: HTML 4
”BUTTON” positions the contents flush with the Common: No
bottom. VALIGN=”CENTER” positions the con- Sample:
tents at the center of the column. VALIGN=
<COLGROUP ALIGN=”CENTER”>
”BASELINE” aligns the contents with the base-
line of the current text font. CHAR=“…”
Standard: HTML 4 Specifies the character on which cell contents
Common: No align, if ALIGN=”CHAR”. If you omit CHAR=, the
Sample:
default value is the decimal point in the speci-
<COL VALIGN=”TOP”> fied language.
Other Attributes Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Sample:
<COLGROUP ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,”>
24 <COLGROUP>
CHAROFF=“n” Standard: HTML 4

E
Common: No
Specifies the number of characters from the Sample:
left at which the alignment character appears.
<COLGROUP TITLE=”Column Group”>
C
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No WIDTH=“n”
Sample:
N
Specifies the horizontal dimension of columns

<COLGROUP ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,” within the column group (in pixels or as a per-
CHAROFF=”7”> centage). Special values of “0*” force the col-
umn to minimum required width, and “2*”
E
ID=”…”
requires that the column receive proportion-
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of ately twice as much space as it otherwise
R
the tag. When you then assign a style to that would.

ID selector, it affects only that one instance of
Standard: HTML 4
the tag. Common: No
E

Common: No <COLGROUP WIDTH=100>
Sample:
F
<COL ALIGN=”RIGHT”>
<COLGROUP ID=“123”>
VALIGN=“{TOP, BOTTOM, BASELINE,
E
SPAN=“n” MIDDLE}”
Indicates how many consecutive columns exist Vertically positions the contents of the table
R
in the column group and to which columns column. VALIGN=”TOP” positions the contents
the specified attributes apply. flush with the top of the column. VALIGN=
”BOTTOM” positions the contents flush with the
Standard: HTML 4
bottom. VALIGN=”CENTER” positions the con-
Common: No
Sample: tents at the vertical center of the column.
S
VALIGN=”BASELINE” aligns the contents with the

<COLGROUP> baseline of the current text font.
<COL ALIGN=”RIGHT” SPAN=”2”>
Standard: HTML 4
’
STYLE=“…” Common: No
Sample:
R

the contents of the <COLGROUP> tags. <COLGROUP VALIGN=”TOP”>
Standard: HTML 4 Other Attributes
E
Common: No
Sample: This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
T
<COLGROUP STYLE=”color: red”> onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,

TITLE=“…” onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
S
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might of this reference for definitions and examples.
A

show tool tips over the column group.
M
<DD> 25 1
<COMMENT> ID=“…”
Indicates an author comment. Because these Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of

tags are Netscape-specific, we encourage you to the <DD> tag. When you then assign a style to
use the <!––…––> tags instead. that ID selector, it affects only that one
instance of the <DD> tag.
Standard: Netscape Navigator
Common: Yes Standard: HTML 4
Paired: Yes Common: No
Sample: Sample:
<COMMENT>This document was created <DL>

September 19, 1997</COMMENT> <DT>RS-232C
<DD ID=“123”>A standard for serial
communication between computers.
D </DL>
STYLE=“…”
<DD> the definition.
Contains a definition in a definition list. Use Standard: HTML 4
this tag inside <DL> tags. This tag can contain Common: No
block level elements. Sample:
Standard: HTML 2 <DD STYLE=”background: blue; color: white”>

Common: Yes TITLE=“…”
Paired: Yes, optional
Sample: Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
<DL><DT>Butter use this attribute for context-sensitive help
<DD>Butter is a dairy product. within the document. Browsers may use this to
</DL> show tool tips over the definition.
Standard: HTML 4
Attribute Information Common: No
Sample:
CLASS=“…”
<DD TITLE=”Definition”>
Indicates which style class applies to the <DD>
element. Other Attributes
Standard: HTML 4 This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
Common: No onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
Sample: onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
<DL>
<DT>HTML
<DD CLASS=”casual”>Hypertext Markup of this reference for definitions and examples.
Language
</DD>
26 <DEL>
<DEL> ID=“…”
E
Indicates text marked for deletion in the docu- Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
ment. May be either block-level or inline, as the tag. When you then assign a style to that
C
necessary. ID selector, it affects only that one instance of

the <DEL> tag.
Standard: HTML 4
Standard: HTML 4
N
Common: No
Sample: Sample:
<DEL ID=“123”>WWW stands for World Wide
E
<P>HTTP stands for HyperText

Transfer <DEL>Transport</DEL>Protocol</P> Web</DEL>
STYLE=“…”
R

CITE=“url” the deleted text.
E
Indicates address of reference (definitive Standard: HTML 4

source, for example) for deletion. Common: No
Sample:
F
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No <DEL STYLE=”background: blue;
color: white”>ESP stands for
E
Sample:
extra-sensory perception.</DEL>
<DEL CITE=”http://www.w3.org/”>HTML 3.0 was
used for 10 years.</DEL> TITLE=“…”
R
CLASS=“…” Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might

Indicates which style class applies to the <DEL> within the document. Browsers may use this to
element. show tool tips over the text.
S

Sample: Sample:
’
<DEL CLASS=”casual”>POP stands for Post <DEL TITLE=”Definition”>

Office Protocol</DEL> More deleted text.</DEL>
R
DATETIME=“…” Other Attributes

Indicates the date and time in precisely this
E

format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssTZD. For example, onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
1997-07-14T08:30:00-07:00 indicates July 14, onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
T
1997, at 8:30 AM, in U.S. Mountain Time (7 onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
hours from Greenwich time). This time could See the Element-Independent Attributes section
also be presented as 1997-07-14T08:30:00Z. of this reference for definitions and examples.
S
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Sample: <DFN>
A
<DEL DATETIME=”1997-07-14T08:30:00Z”>POP Indicates the definition of a term in the

stands for Post Office Protocol</DEL> document.
M
Standard: HTML 3.2

Common: No
<DIR> 27 1
Paired: Yes Standard: HTML 4

Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<DFN>HTTP stands for HyperText
Transfer Protocol</DFN> <DFN TITLE=”Definition”>
Attribute Information Other Attributes

CLASS=“…” onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
Indicates which style class applies to the <DFN> onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
element. onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
Standard: HTML 4 of this reference for definitions and examples.
Common: No
Sample:
<DFN CLASS=”casual”>POP stands for Post <DIR>
Office Protocol</DFN> Contains a directory list. Use the <LI> tag to
ID=“…” indicate list items within the list. Use <UL>,
rather than this deprecated tag.
the <DFN> tag. When you then assign a style to Standard: HTML 2; deprecated in HTML 4.
Use <UL> instead.
Common: Yes
instance of the <DFN> tag. Paired: Yes
Common: No Choose a music genre:<DIR>
Sample: <LI><A HREF=”rock/”>Rock</A>
<DFN ID=“123”>WWW stands for World Wide <LI><A HREF=”country/”>Country</A>
Web</DFN> <LI><A HREF=”na/”>New Age</A>
</DIR>
STYLE=“…”
the definition.
CLASS=“…”
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Indicates which style class applies to the <dir>
Sample: element.
<DFN STYLE=”background: blue; Standard: HTML 4

color: white”>ESP stands for Common: No
extra-sensory perception.</DFN> Sample:
TITLE=“…” <DIR CLASS=”casual”>

<LI>Apples
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might <LI>Kiwis
use this attribute for context-sensitive help <LI>Mangos
within the document. Browsers may use this to <LI>Oranges
show tool tips over the definition text. </DIR>
28 <DIR>
COMPACT Standard: HTML 4

E
Common: No
Causes the list to appear in a compact format. Sample:
This attribute probably will not affect the
<DIR TITLE=”Directory List”>
C
appearance of the list as most browsers do not

present lists in more than one format. Other Attributes
Standard: HTML 2; deprecated
N

in HTML 4 onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
Common: No
Sample:
E
<DIR COMPACT>… See the Element-Independent Attributes section

</DIR> of this reference for definitions and examples.
R
ID=”…”
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of <DIV>
E
the <dir> tag. When you then assign a style to Indicates logical divisions within a document.
that ID selector, it affects only that one You can use these to apply alignment, line-
instance of the <dir> tag. wrapping, and particularly Style Sheet attrib-
F
Standard: HTML 4 utes to a section of your document. <DIV

Common: No ALIGN=CENTER> is the official replacement for
E
Sample: the <CENTER> tag.

<DIR ID=“123”> Standard: HTML 3.2
R
<LI>Thingie 1 Common: No
<LI>Thingie 2 Paired: Yes
</DIR> Sample:
STYLE=“…” <DIV ALIGN=”CENTER” STYLE=”background:
blue”>
S
<FONT SIZE=+2>All About Formic

the <DIR> element. Acid</FONT>
Standard: HTML 4 </DIV>
’
Common: No
Sample: Attribute Information
R
<DIR STYLE=”background: blue; ALIGN=“{LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT, JUSTIFY}”

color: white”>
<LI>Thingie 1 Specifies whether the contents of the section
E
<LI>Thingie 2 align with the left or right margins (LEFT,

</DIR> RIGHT), are evenly spaced between them (CEN-
T
TITLE=“…” TER), or if the text stretches between the left

and right margins (JUSTIFY).
S

within the document. Browsers may use this to Style Sheets
show tool tips over the directory list.
A
M
<DIV> 29 1
Common: No ID=”…”
Sample:
<DIV ALIGN=”RIGHT”> the <DIV> tag. When you then assign a style to
Look over here!</DIV> that ID selector, it affects only that one instance
<DIV ALIGN=”LEFT”>
of the <DIV> tag.
Now, look over here!</DIV>
Standard: HTML 4
Indicates which style class applies to the <DIV> Sample:
element. <DIV ID=“123”>
Standard: HTML 4 NOWRAP
Common: No
Sample: Disables line-wrapping for the section.
<DIV CLASS=”casual”> Standard: Netscape Navigator
Common: No
DATAFLD=“…” Sample:
\
Selects a column from a previously identified <HR>
source of tabulated data (see the DATASRC= <DIV ALIGN=”LEFT” NOWRAP>
attribute). The contents of this section will not
automatically wrap as you size the window.
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 </DIV><HR>
Common: No
Sample:
<DIV DATASRC=”#data_table”> STYLE=“…”
<DIV DATAFLD=”name”></DIV>
</DIV> Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
the contents within the <DIV> tags.
DATAFORMATAS=“{TEXT, HTML, NONE}”
Standard: HTML 4
Indicates how tabulated data formats within Common: No
the <DIV> element. Sample:
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 <DIV STYLE=”background: red”>
Common: No
Sample: TITLE=“…”
<DIV DATAFORMATAS=”HTML” Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might use
DATASRC=”#data_table”> this attribute for context-sensitive help within
the document. Browsers may use this to show
DATASRC=“…” tool tips over the contents of the <DIV> tags.
Specifies the source of data for data binding. Standard: HTML 4
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 Common: No
Common: No Sample:
Sample: <DIV TITLE=”Title” CLASS=”casual”>
<DIV DATASRC=”#data_table”>
30 <DIV>

E
Sample:
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, <DL COMPACT>…
</DL>
C

onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. ID=”…”
N
of this reference for definitions and examples. Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
the <DD> tag. When you then assign a style to
that ID selector, it affects only that one instance
<DL> of the <DD> tag.
E
Contains the <DT> and <DD> tags that form the Standard: HTML 4
term and definition portions of a definition list. Common: No
R
Sample:
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes <DL ID=“123”>
E
Paired: Yes <DT>Food

Sample: <DD>We will be eating 3 meals/day.
</DL>
<DL><DT>Hygiene
F
<DD>Always wash your hands before STYLE=“…”

preparing meat.</DL>
E
Attribute Information contents within the <DL> tags.

Standard: HTML 4
R
Sample:
Indicates which style class applies to the <DL>
element. <DL STYLE=”background: red”>
Standard: HTML 4 TITLE=“…”

S
Common: No
Sample: Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
<DL CLASS=”casual”>
’

<DT>RAM show tool tips over the definition list.
<DD>Random Access Memory
R
</DL> Standard: HTML 4

Common: No
COMPACT Sample:
E
Causes the definition list to appear in a compact <DL TITLE=”Definition List”>

format. This attribute probably will not affect
Other Attributes
T
the appearance of the list as most browsers do

not present lists in more than one format. This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
Standard: HTML 2; deprecated onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
S
in HTML 4 onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,

A

M
<EM> 31 1
<DT> Standard:
Common:
HTML 4
No
Contains the terms inside a definition list. Sample:
Place the <DT> tags inside <DL> tags. <DT STYLE=”background: red”>
Standard: HTML 2
TITLE=“…”
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes, optional Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
Sample: use this attribute for context-sensitive help
<DL><DT>Hygiene within the document. Browsers may use this to
<DD>Always wash your hands before show tool tips over the definition term.
preparing meat.</DL>
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
CLASS=“…” <DT TITLE=”Term”>Programmer</DT>

<DD>A method for converting coffee into
Indicates which style class applies to the <DT> applications.
element.
Other Attributes
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
<DL>
<DT CLASS=”casual”>CUL8R
<DD>See You Later
</DL> of this reference for definitions and examples.
ID=”…”
<EM>
the <DT> tag. When you then assign a style to Makes the text stand out. Browsers usually do
that ID selector, it affects only that one this with italic or boldface.
instance of the <DT> tag. Standard: HTML 2
Sample: Sample:
<DL> It is <EM>very</EM> important to read

<DT ID=“123”>Caffeine the instructions before beginning.
<DD>Avoid caffeine during the
stress management course. Attribute Information
</DL>
CLASS=“…”
STYLE=“…”
Indicates which style class applies to the <EM>
element.
the contents within the <DT> tags.
Standard: HTML 4
32 <EM>
Common: No <EMBED>
E
Sample:
Places an embedded object into a document.
Did you say my house was on
<EM CLASS=”casual”>FIRE?!</EM> Examples of embedded objects include MIDI
C
files and digital video files. Because the <EMBED>

ID=”…” tag is not standard, we suggest you use the
<OBJECT> tag instead. If the browser does not
N

have built-in support for an object, visitors
the <EM> tag. When you then assign a style to
will need a plug-in to use the object within the
document.
of the <EM> tag.
E
Standard: Netscape Navigator, sup-

Standard: HTML 4
ported by Internet Explorer
Common: No
R
Common: No
Sample:
Paired: No
I have complained <EM ID=“123”>ten</EM> Sample:
E
times about the leaking faucet.

<EMBED SRC=”fur_elise.midi”>
STYLE=“…”
F

the contents within the <EM> tags. ACCESSKEY=“…”
E
Standard: HTML 4 Specifies a key sequence that binds to the

Common: No
embedded object.
Sample:
R
Standard: Internet Explorer 4

<EM STYLE=”background: red”>
Common: No
TITLE=“…” Sample:
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might <EMBED SRC=”st.ocx” ACCESSKEY=”E”>
S
ALIGN=“{LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER, ABSBOT-

within the document. Browsers may use this to TOM, ABSMIDDLE, BASELINE, BOTTOM,
show tool tips over the emphasized text. TEXTTOP, TOP}”
’
Standard: HTML 4 Indicates how an embedded object is positioned

Common: No
R
relative to the document borders and surround-

Sample:
ing contents. ALIGN=”LEFT”, ALIGN=”RIGHT”, or
ALIGN=”CENTER” makes the embedded object
<EM TITLE=“Emphasis”>
E
float between the edges of the frame either to

the left, right, or evenly between. The behavior
Other Attributes is similar to that of the ALIGN= attribute of the
T
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, <IMG> tag.
ALIGN=”TEXTTOP” or ALIGN=”TOP” lines up the top
S
of the embedded object with the top of the cur-

rent text font. ALIGN=”ABSMIDDLE” lines up the
See the Element-Independent Attributes section middle of the embedded object with the middle
A
of this reference for definitions and examples. of the current text font. ALIGN=”ABSBOTTOM” lines
M
<EMBED> 33 1
up the bottom of the embedded object with PALETTE=“#RRGGBB|#RRGGBB”

the bottom of the current text font.
ALIGN=”BASELINE” or ALIGN=”BOTTOM” lines up
Indicates the foreground and background colors
the bottom of the embedded object with the for the embedded object. You can specify col-
baseline of the current text font. ors with hexadecimal RGB values or with color
names.
Common: No Standard: Netscape Navigator
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<EMBED SRC=”song.mid” ALIGN=”CENTER”>
<EMBED SRC=”flying.avi”
HEIGHT=“n” PALETTE=”Red|Black”>
Specifies the vertical dimension of the embed- SRC=“URL”

ded object. (See the UNITS=attribute for how to
Indicates the relative or absolute location of
measure dimensions.)
the file containing the object you want to
Standard: Netscape Navigator embed.
Common: No
Sample: Standard: Netscape Navigator
Common: No
<EMBED SRC=”rocket.avi” WIDTH=”50” Sample:
HEIGHT=”40”>
<EMBED SRC=”beethoven_9.midi”>
HIDDEN
TITLE=“…”
Indicates that the embedded object should not
be visible. Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 within the document. Browsers may use this to
Common: No show tool tips over the embedded object.
Sample:
<EMBED SRC=”song.mid” HIDDEN> Common: No
Sample:
NAME=“…”
<EMBED SRC=”explode.avi” TITLE=”movie”>
Gives the object a name by which other
objects can refer to it. UNITS=“{PIXELS, EN}”
Standard: Netscape Navigator Modifies the behavior of the HEIGHT= and
Common: No WIDTH= attributes. UNITS=PIXELS measures
Sample: attributes in pixels. UNITS=EN measures dimen-
<EMBED SRC=”running.avi” NAME=”movie1”> sions in EN spaces.
OPTIONAL PARAM=“…” Standard: Netscape Navigator

Common: No
Indicates additional parameters. For example, Sample:
AVI movies accept the AUTOSTART attribute. <EMBED SRC=”rocket.avi” WIDTH=”50”
Standard: Netscape Navigator HEIGHT=”40”>
Common: No
Sample:
<EMBED SRC=”explode.avi” AUTOSTART=”true”>
34 <EMBED>
WIDTH=“n” ID=“…”
E
Indicates the horizontal dimension of the Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of

embedded object. (See the UNITS= attribute for the <FIELDSET> tag. When you then assign a
C
how to measure dimensions.) style to that ID selector, it affects only that one
instance of the <FIELDSET> tag.
Common: No Standard: HTML 4
N
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<EMBED SRC=”cartoon.avi” WIDTH=”50”>
<FIELDSET ID=“123”>now!</FIELDSET>
E
Other Attributes
STYLE=“…”
R
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to

onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, the contents within the <FIELDSET> tags.
Standard: HTML 4
E
See the Element-Independent Attributes section Common: No

of this reference for definitions and examples. Sample:
F
<FIELDSET STYLE=”background: red”>
F TITLE=“…”
E

R
<FIELDSET> within the document. Browsers may use this to

show tool tips over the font text.
Groups related form elements.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Sample:
S
Paired: Yes
Sample: <FIELDSET TITLE=”Personal data fields”>
Other Attributes
’
<FORM …>
<FIELDSET>
..logically related field elements…
R
</FIELDSET> onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,

</FORM> onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
E

CLASS=“…”
T
Indicates which style class applies to the <FONT>

<FIELDSET> element.
S
Alters or sets font characteristics of the font the

Standard: HTML 4 browser uses to display text.
Common: No
A
Sample: Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated

<FIELDSET CLASS=”casual”> Style Sheets.
Group Rates</FIELDSET>
M
<FORM> 35 1
Common: Yes Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated

Paired: Yes in HTML 4 in favor of
Sample: Style Sheets.
Common: Yes
The cat was really Sample:
<FONT SIZE=”+3”>BIG!</FONT>
<BASEFONT SIZE=4>
Attribute Information <FONT SIZE=+2>This is a font of size
6</FONT> <FONT SIZE=1>This is a font
COLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...” of size 1</FONT>
Indicates the color the browser uses to display

text. Color names can substitute for the RGB
<FORM>
hexadecimal values. Sets up a container for a form tag. Within the
<FORM> tags, you can place form input tags such
as <FIELDSET>, <INPUT>, <SELECT>, and
Style Sheets. <TEXTAREA>.
Sample: Common: Yes
<FONT COLOR=#FF0000><H2>Win A Paired: Yes
Trip!</H2></FONT> <FONT COLOR= Sample:
”lightblue”><p>That’s right! <FORM METHOD=POST
A trip to Hawaii can be yours if you ACTION=”/cgi-bin/search.pl”>
scratch off the right number!</FONT> Search : <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”name”
SIZE=20><BR>
FACE=“…,…”
<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE=”Start Search”>
Specifies a comma-separated list of font names </FORM>
the browser uses to render text. If the browser
does not have access to the first named font, it Attribute Information
tries the second, then the third, and so forth.
ACCEPT-CHARSET=“…”
Standard: Netscape Navigator and
Internet Explorer, not intro- Specifies the character encodings for input
duced in standard HTML in data that the server processing the form must
favor of Style Sheets. accept. The value is a list of character sets as
Common: Yes defined in RFC2045, separated by commas.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
<FONT SIZE=+1 FACE=”Avant Guard, Common: No
Helvetica, Lucida Sans, Arial”> Sample:
SIZE=n <FORM METHOD=POST
ACCEPT-CHARSET=”ISO-8859-1”
Specifies the size of the text affected by the ACTION=”/stat-collector.cgi”>
FONT tag. You can specify the size relative to the
base font size (see the <BASEFONT> tag) which is
normally 3. You can also specify the size as a
digit in the range 1 through 7.
36 <FORM>
ACCEPT=“…” that ID selector, it affects only that one instance

E
of the <FORM> tag.

Specifies a list of MIME types, separated by
commas, that the server processing the form Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
C
will handle correctly.

Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No <FORM ACTION=”/cgi-bin/ttt.pl”
N
Sample: METHOD=GET ID=”123”>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACCEPT=”image/gif, METHOD={POST,GET}

image/jpeg ”ACTION=”/image-collector.cgi”>
E
Changes how form data is transmitted to the

ACTION=“URL” form processor. When you use METHOD=GET,
the form data is given to the form processor
R
Specifies the explicit or relative location of the in the form of an environment variable
form processing CGI application. (QUERY_STRING). When you use METHOD=POST, the
Standard: HTML 2 form data is given to the form processor as the
E
Common: Yes standard input to the program.

Sample:
Standard: HTML 2
F
<FORM METHOD=POST Common: Yes

ACTION=”/stat-collector.cgi”> Sample:
E
CLASS=“…” <FORM METHOD=POST

ACTION=”/cgi-bin/www-search”>
Indicates which style class applies to the <FORM>. Enter search keywords:
R
Standard: HTML 4 <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”query” SIZE=20>

Common: No <INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE=”Search”>
Sample: </FORM>
<FORM METHOD=POST CLASS=”casual” NAME=“…”

ACTION=”/stat-collector.cgi”>
S
Assigns the form a name accessible by book-

ENCTYPE=“…” mark, script, and applet resources.
’
Specifies the MIME type used to submit (post)

the form to the server . The default value is Common: No
Sample:
R
“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”. Use
the value “multipart/form-data” when the <FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=”/cgi-bin/ff.pl”
returned document includes files. NAME=”ff”>
E
Standard: HTML 4 STYLE=“…”

Common: No
T
the contents within the <FORM> tags.

<FORM METHOD=POST ENCTYPE=”application/x-
www-form-urlencoded” Standard: HTML 4
S
ACTION=”/stat-collector.cgi”> Common: No
Sample:
ID=”…”
<FORM STYLE=”background: red”>
A

the <FORM> tag. When you then assign a style to
M
<FRAME> 37 1
TARGET=“…” <FRAME SRC=”frames/buttons.html”

NAME=”buttons” SCROLLING=NO NORESIZE>
Identifies in which previously named frame </FRAMESET>
the output from the form processor should
appear. Attribute Information
Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes BORDER=“n”
Sample: Specifies the thickness of the border (in pixels)
<FORM TARGET=”output” METHOD=GET around a frame. Use BORDER=0 to specify a
ACTION=”/cgi-bin/thingie.sh”> frame with no border.
TITLE=“…” Standard: Netscape Navigator
Common: Yes
within the document. Browsers may use this to <FRAME SRC=”hits.html” BORDER=”2”>
show tool tips over the fill-out form. BORDERCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
Standard: HTML 4 Specifies the color of the border around the
Common: No frame. Use the color’s hexadecimal RGB values
Sample:
or the color name.
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=”/cgi-bin/ff.pl”
Standard: Internet Explorer, Netscape
TITLE=”Fill-out form”>
Navigator
Other Attributes Common: Yes
Sample:
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onsubmit,
onreset, onClick, onDblClick, onMouseDown, <FRAME SRC=”hits.html” BORDERCOLOR=”red”>
onMouseUp, onMouseOver, onMouseMove, FRAMEBORDER={1,0}
onMouseOut, onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and
onKeyUp attributes. See the Element- Indicates whether the frame’s border is visible. A
Independent Attributes section of this refer- value of 1 indicates that the border is visible, and
ence for definitions and examples. a value of 0 indicates that it is not visible.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
<FRAME> Sample:
Defines a frame within a frameset (see the <FRAME SRC=”weather.html” FRAMEBORDER=0>
<FRAMESET> tag). The <FRAME> tag specifies the
source file and visual characteristics of a frame. MARGINHEIGHT=”n”
Standard: HTML 4 Specifies the vertical dimension (in number of
Common: Yes pixels) of the top and bottom margins in a
Paired: No frame.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
<FRAMESET ROWS=”*,70”> Common: No
<FRAME SRC=”frames/body.html” Sample:
NAME=”body”>
<FRAME SRC=”cats.html” MARGINHEIGHT=10>
38 <FRAME>
MARGINWIDTH=”n” SRC=“URL”
E
Specifies the horizontal dimension (in pixels) Specifies the relative or absolute location of a
of the left and right margins in a frame. document that you want to load within the
C
defined frame.
Standard: HTML 4
Sample: Common: Yes
N
Sample:
<FRAME SRC=”dogs.html” MARGINWIDTH=10>
<FRAME NAME=”main” SRC=”intro.html”>
NAME=”…”
E
Gives the frame you are defining a name. You <FRAMESET>

can use this name later to load new documents
Contains frame definitions and specifies frame
R
into the frame (see the TARGET= attribute) and

within scripts to control attributes of the spacing, dimensions, and attributes. Place
frame. Reserved names with special meaning <FRAME> tags inside <FRAMESET> tags.
E
include _blank, _parent, _self, and _top. Standard: HTML 4

Common: Yes
Standard: HTML 4
Paired: Yes
F
Common: Yes
Sample:
Sample:
<FRAMESET COLS=”*,70”>
<FRAME SRC=”/cgi-bin/weather.cgi”
E
<FRAME SRC=”frames/body.html”
NAME=”weather”>
NAME=”body”>
NORESIZE <FRAME SRC=”frames/side.html”
R
NAME=”side”>
Makes a frame’s dimensions unchangeable. </FRAMESET>
Otherwise, if a frame’s borders are visible, visi-
tors can resize the frame by selecting a border Attribute Information
and moving it with the mouse.
S
Standard: HTML 4
BORDER=”n”
Common: Yes Specifies the thickness of borders (in pixels)
Sample:
’
around frames defined within the frameset.

<FRAME SRC=”bottom.html” NAME=”bottom” You can also control border thickness with the
<FRAME> tag.
R
NORESIZE SCROLLING=NO>
SCROLLING={YES, NO, AUTO} Standard: Netscape Navigator
Common: No
E
Indicates whether a scrollbar is present within Sample:

a frame when text dimensions exceed the
<FRAMESET COLS=”*,150” BORDER=5>
dimensions of the frame. Set SCROLLING=NO
T
<FRAME SRC=”left.html” NAME=”main”>

when using a frame to display only an image. <FRAME SRC=”side.html” NAME=”side”>
Standard: HTML 4 </FRAMESET>
S
Common: Yes
Sample:
<FRAME NAME=”titleimg” SRC=”title.html”
A
SCROLLING=NO>
M
<FRAMESET> 39 1
BORDERCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...” FRAMESPACING=”n”

Sets the color of the frame borders. Color Specifies the space (in pixels) between frames
names can substitute for the hexadecimal RGB within the browser window.
color values.
Standard: Netscape Navigator, Internet Common: No
Explorer Sample:
Common: Yes
<FRAMESET ROWS=”*,100” FRAMESPACING=10>
Sample:
<FRAME SRC=”top.html” NAME=”top”>
<FRAMESET BORDERCOLOR=”Red” <FRAME SRC=”middle.html” NAME=”middle”>
ROWS=”100,*”> </FRAMESET>
<FRAME SRC=”top.html” NAME=”title”>
<FRAME SRC=”story.html” NAME=”Story”> ROWS=“…”
</FRAMESET> Specifies the number and dimensions of the
COLS=“...” horizontal frames within the current frameset.
Specifies the number and dimensions of the Set ROWS= to a comma-separated list of numbers
vertical frames within the current frameset. or percentages to indicate the height of each
frame. Use the asterisk (*) to represent a vari-
Set COLS= to a comma-separated list of numbers able height. A frame of variable height fills the
or percentages to indicate the width of each space remaining after the browser formats
frame. Use the asterisk (*) to represent a vari- space for the other frames (<FRAMESET
able width. A frame of variable width fills the ROWS=”100,400,*”>).
space left over after the browser formats space
for the other frames (<FRAMESET Setting ROWS= to a comma-separated list of per-
COLS=”100,400,10% *”>). centages allows you to control the ratio of
frame vertical space relative to the space avail-
Setting COLS= with percentage values controls able within the browser (<FRAMESET
the ratio of frame horizontal space relative to the ROWS=”10%,*”>).
amount of space available within the browser
(<FRAMESET COLS=”10%,*”>). You cannot use ROWS= and COLS= in the
same tag.
You cannot use COLS= and ROWS= in the
same tag. Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes
Common: Yes
Sample: <FRAMESET ROWS=”*,100,*”>
<FRAME SRC=”top.html” NAME=”top”>
<FRAMESET COLS=”*,100,*”> <FRAME SRC=”middle.html” NAME=”middle”>
<FRAME SRC=”left.html” NAME=”left”> <FRAMESET COLS=2>
<FRAME SRC=”middle.html” NAME=”middle”> <FRAME SRC=”bottom1.html” NAME=”left”>
<FRAMESET ROWS=2> <FRAME SRC=”bottom2.html” NAME=”right”>
<FRAME SRC=”top.html” NAME=”top”> </FRAMESET>
<FRAME SRC=”bottom.html” </FRAMESET>
NAME=”bottom”>
</FRAMESET> Other Attributes
</FRAMESET> This tag also accepts the onload and onunload
attributes. See the Element-Independent
Attributes section of this reference for defini-
tions and examples.
40 <HN>
H
<H1 CLASS=”casual” ALIGN=LEFT>
E
River Tours</H1>
ID=”…”
C

<Hn> the <Hn> tag. When you then assign a style to
Specifies headings in a document. Headings are that ID selector, it affects only that one
N
numbered 1–6, with <H1> representing the instance of the <Hn> tag.
heading for the main heading in the document Standard: HTML 4
and <H3> representing a heading for a nested Common: No
E
subtopic. Generally, text inside heading tags Sample:

appears in boldface and may be larger than
<H2 ID=“123”>Paper Products</H2>
R
normal document text.

Standard: HTML 2
STYLE=“…”
Common: Yes Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
E
Paired: Yes the heading.

Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
F
<H1>Caring For Your Canary</H1> Common: No

This document explains how you should Sample:
take care of a canary. With proper
E
care, you and your new bird will have <H1 STYLE=”background: red”>
a lasting, happy relationship.
<H2>Feeding</H2> TITLE=“…”
R

Attribute Information use this attribute for context-sensitive help
ALIGN={LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT} show tool tips over the heading.
Positions the heading in the left, right, or cen-
S
Standard: HTML 4
ter of a document. Common: No
Sample:
’
in HTML 4 in favor of <H1 TITLE=”Headline”>

Style Sheets
R
Common: Yes Other Attributes

Sample:
<H3 ALIGN=RIGHT>History Of The onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
E
Platypus</H3> onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,

CLASS=“…”
T

Indicates which style class applies to the <Hn> of this reference for definitions and examples.
element.
S
Standard:
Common:
HTML 4
No
<HEAD>
Sample:
A
Contains document head information. You

can place any of the following tags within the
M
<HR> 41 1
document head: <LINK>, <META>, <TITLE>, <P>Birthdays are usually joyous

<SCRIPT>, <BASE>, and <STYLE>. celebrations so we recommend bright
colors.
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes Attribute Information
Paired: Yes
Sample:
ALIGN={LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT}
<HTML>
<HEAD> Positions the line flush left, flush right, or in
<TITLE>Making a Peanut-Butter and the center of the document. These settings are
Jelly Sandwich</TITLE> irrelevant unless you use the WIDTH= attribute
<LINK REL=Parent to make the line shorter than the width of the
HREF=”sandwiches.html”> document.
</HEAD>
Attribute Information in HTML 4 in favor of
Style Sheets
Common: Yes
PROFILE=“URL” Sample:
Specifies the address of data profiles. You <H2 ALIGN=LEFT>Shopping List</H2>
might use this attribute to specify the location <HR WIDTH=”40%” ALIGN=LEFT>
of, for example, <META> tag information. <UL TYPE=SQUARE>
<LI>Eggs
Standard: HTML 4
<LI>Butter
Common: No
<LI>Bread
Sample:
<LI>Milk
<HEAD PROFILE=”http://www.raycomm.com/ </UL>
general.html”>
</HEAD< CLASS=“…”
Other Attributes Indicates which style class applies to the <HR>

element.
This tag also accepts the lang and dir attrib-
Standard: HTML 4
utes. See the Element-Independent Attributes
Common: No
section of this reference for definitions and Sample:
examples.
<HR CLASS=”casual” WIDTH=”50%”>
<HR> COLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
Draws horizontal lines (rules) in your docu- Specifies the color of the line. The color name
ment. This is useful for visually separating doc- can substitute for the hexadecimal RGB values.
ument sections. Standard: Internet Explorer. Style
Sheets provide equivalent
Standard: HTML 2
functionality.
Common: Yes
Common: No
Paired: No
Sample:
Sample:
<HR COLOR=#09334C>
<H2>Birthday Colors</H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=”60%”>
42 <HR>
ID=”n” Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated

E
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of Style Sheets
the <HR> tag. When you then assign a style to Common: Yes
C
that ID selector, it affects only that one Sample:

instance of the <HR> tag.
<H2 ALIGN=CENTER>The End!</H2>
Standard: HTML 4 <HR WIDTH=”85%”>
N
Common: No <P ALIGN=CENTER>

Sample: <A HREF=”/index.html”>Home</A> |
<A HREF=”Story3.html”>Next Story</A> |
<HR ID=“123”>
E
<A HREF=”Story1.html”>Prev Story</A>

NOSHADE TITLE=“…”
R
Specifies that the browser not shade the line. Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
Standard: HTML 3.2 use this attribute for context-sensitive help
Common: Yes within the document. Browsers may use this to
E
Sample: show tool tips over the horizontal rule.

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN=CENTER WIDTH=”50%”> Standard: HTML 4
F
<IMG SRC=”Bobby.jpg” ALIGN=CENTER Common: No

BORDER=0 ALT=”Bobby”> Sample:
<BR CLEAR=ALL>
E
<HR NOSHADE ALIGN=CENTER WIDTH=”50%”> <HR TITLE=”A line”>
SIZE=”n” Other Attributes

R
Specifies the thicknes of the line (in pixels). This tag also accepts the onClick, onDblClick,
onMouseDown, onMouseUp, onMouseOver,
Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onKeyPress,
in HTML 4 in favor of onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. See the
Style Sheets Element-Independent Attributes section of this
S
Common: Yes
reference for definitions and examples.
Sample:
<HR SIZE=10>
’
<HTML>
STYLE=“…”
R
Contains the entire document. Place these tags

Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to at the top and bottom of your HTML file.
the horizontal rule.
Standard: HTML 2
E

Sample: Sample:
T
<HR WIDTH=”50%” STYLE=”color: red”> <HTML>

<HEAD><TITLE>Test Page</TITLE></HEAD>
WIDTH=“n”
S
<BODY>
Specifies the length of the line. You can specify <H1>Is this working?</H1>
the value with an absolute number of pixels or </BODY>
A
as a percentage to indicate how much of the </HTML>

total width available is used.
M
<IFRAME> 43 1
Attribute Information TITLE=“…”

This tag accepts the lang and dir attributes. See Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
the Element-Independent Attributes section of use this attribute for context-sensitive help
this reference for definitions and examples. within the document. Browsers may use this to
show tool tips over the italicized text.
Standard: HTML 4
<I> Common: No
Italicizes text. Sample:
Standard: HTML 2 <I TITLE=”Italicized”>
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes
Other Attributes
Sample: This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
After this, Tom told me to read onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
<I>Mastering HTML</I>. I had onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
no choice but to do so. onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
Attribute Information of this reference for definitions and examples.
CLASS=“…”
<IFRAME>
<I> element. Creates floating frames within a document.
Floating frames differ from normal frames
Standard: HTML 4 because they are independently manipulable
Common: No elements within another HTML document.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
This mouse is <I CLASS=”casual”> Common: No
enhanced</I> Paired: Yes
ID=”…” Sample:
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of <IFRAME NAME=”new_win”

SRC=”http://www.raycomm.com”>
the <I> tag. When you then assign a style to
</IFRAME>
of the <I> tag. Attribute Information
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No ALIGN={LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT}
Sample:
Specifies how the floating frame lines up with
He called it a <I ID=“123”>Doo-Dad</I>! respect to the left and right sides of the
STYLE=“…” browser window.
Standard: HTML 4; deprecated usage.
Use Style Sheets instead.
italicized text. Common: No
Common: No <IFRAME ALIGN=LEFT SRC=”goats.html”
Sample: NAME=”g1”>
<I STYLE=”color: green”>
44 <IFRAME>
BORDER=”n” Standard: HTML 4

E
Common: No
Indicates the thickness of a border around a Sample:
floating frame (in pixels).
<IFRAME SRC=”joe.html” NAME=”Joe”
C
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=200>

Common: No
Sample: HSPACE=”n”
N
<IFRAME SRC=”joe.html” NAME=”Joe” Indicates the size (in pixels) of left and right
BORDER=5> margins within the floating frame.
E
BORDERCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...” Standard: Internet Explorer 4

Common: No
Specifies (in hexadecimal RGB values or the Sample:
R
color name) the color of the border around a

floating frame. <IFRAME SRC=”joe.html” NAME=”Joe”
HSPACE=10 VSPACE=10>
E
Common: No ID=”…”
F
<IFRAME SRC=”joe.html” NAME=”Joe” the <IFRAME> tag. When you then assign a style
BORDERCOLOR=#5A3F2E> to that ID selector, it affects only that one
instance of the <IFRAME> tag.
E
FRAMEBORDER={0,1}
Standard: HTML 4
Indicates whether the floating frame has visi- Common: No
R
ble borders. A value of 0 indicates no border, Sample:

and a value of 1 indicates a visible border.
<IFRAME SRC=”Joe.html” NAME=”Joe”
Standard: HTML 4 ID=“123”>
Common: No
Sample: MARGINHEIGHT=”n”
S
<IFRAME SRC=”main.html” NAME=”main” Specifies the size of the top and bottom mar-
FRAMEBORDER=0> gins (in pixels) within the floating frame.
’
FRAMESPACING=”n” Standard: HTML 4

Common: No
R
Indicates the space (in pixels) between adja- Sample:

cent floating frames.
<IFRAME SRC=”top.html” NAME=”topbar”
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 MARGINHEIGHT=50>
E
Common: No
Sample: MARGINWIDTH=”n”
T
<IFRAME SRC=”joe.html” NAME=”Joe” Specifies the size of the left and right margins
FRAMESPACING=10> (in pixels) within the floating frame.
HEIGHT=”n” Standard: HTML 4
S
Common: No
Specifies the vertical dimension (in pixels) of Sample:
the floating frame.
A
<IFRAME SRC=”body.html” NAME=”body”

MARGINWIDTH=50>
M
<IMG> 45 1
NAME=“…” Standard: HTML 4

Common: No
Assigns the frame a unique name. You can use Sample:
this name within other frames to load new
documents in the frame and to manipulate the <IFRAME SRC=”dots.html” NAME=”dots”
STYLE=”background: red”>
attributes of the frame.
Standard: HTML 4 WIDTH=n
Common: No Specifies the horizontal dimension (in pixels)
Sample: of the floating frame.
Standard: HTML 4
WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=200>
Common: No
NORESIZE Sample:
Specifies that the floating frame cannot resize. <IFRAME SRC=”joe.html” NAME=”Joe”
WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=200>
Because the HTML 4 specification forbids re-
sizable inline frames, this attribute is only rele- VSPACE=n
vant to Internet Explorer.
Indicates the size (in pixels) of top and bottom
Standard: Internet Explorer margins within the floating frame.
Common: No
Sample: Standard: Internet Explorer 4
Common: No
<IFRAME SRC=”joe.html” NAME=”Joe” Sample:
NORESIZE>
SCROLLING={YES, NO} HSPACE=10 VSPACE=10>
Indicates whether the floating frame has Other Attributes
scrollbars.
Standard: HTML 4 onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
Common: No onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
Sample: onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
<IFRAME SRC=”top.html” SCROLLING=NO> See the Element-Independent Attributes section
SRC=“URL”
Specifies the relative or absolute location of the
document file to load in the floating frame.
<IMG>
Standard: HTML 4 Places an inline image in a document. You can
Common: No use the attributes ISMAP= and USEMAP= with the
Sample: <IMG> tag to implement image maps.
<IFRAME NAME=”pics” SRC=”pics/”> Standard: HTML 2

Common: Yes
STYLE=“…” Paired: No
Sample:
the floating frame. <IMG SRC=”images/left_arrow.gif” ALT=”<-“>
46 <IMG>
Attribute Information BORDER=”n”

E
Specifies the width (in pixels) of a border

ALIGN={LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, MIDDLE, around an image. The default value is usually 0
BOTTOM}
C
(no border). The border color is the color of

Specifies the appearance of text that is near an normal text within your document.
inline graphic image. For example, if you use Standard: HTML 3.2
N
RIGHT, the image appears flush to the right edge Common: Yes
of the document, and the text appears to its Sample:
left. Using LEFT produces the opposite effect.
<IMG SRC=”portrait.jpg” BORDER=2>
E
HTML 2 mentions only attribute values of TOP,

CLASS=“…”
MIDDLE, and BOTTOM. TOP aligns the top of the
R
first line of text after the <IMG> tag to the top of Indicates which style class applies to the <IMG>
the image. BOTTOM (the default) aligns the bot- element.
tom of the image to the baseline of the text.
Standard: HTML 4
E
MIDDLE aligns the baseline of the first line of Common: No

text with the middle of the image. Sample:
F
HTML 3.2 added LEFT and RIGHT to the list of <IMG CLASS=”casual” SRC=”dots.gif”>
attribute values.
CONTROLS
E
You can use the <BR> tag to control specific

points where text stops wrapping around an If the image is a video file, indicates the play-
image and continues below the instance of the back controls that appear below the image.
R
image. Standard: Internet Explorer 2

Standard: HTML 2; deprecated in HTML Common: No
4 in favor of Style Sheets Sample:
Common: Yes <IMG DYNSRC=”foo.avi” CONTROLS>
Sample:
S
DATAFLD=“…”
<IMG SRC=”red_icon.gif” ALIGN=LEFT>
It’s about time for volunteers to Indicates a column in previously identified
’
pitch in.<BR CLEAR=ALL> tabular data.

ALT=“…” Standard: Internet Explorer 4
R
Common: No
Provides a textual description of images, Sample:
which is useful for visitors who have text-only
E
browsers. Some browsers may also display the <IMG SRC=”thing.gif” DATAFLD=”color”>
ALT= text as a floating message when the visitor DATASRC=“…”
places the mouse pointer over the image.
T
Specifies the location of tabular data to be

Standard: HTML 2 bound.
Common: Yes
S
Sample: Standard: Internet Explorer 4

Common: No
<IMG SRC=”smiley.gif” ALT=”:-)”> Sample:
A
<IMG SRC=”thing.gif” DATASRC=”#data_table”>

M
<IMG> 47 1
DYNSRC=“URL” ISMAP
Specifies the relative or absolute location of a Indicates that the graphic image functions as a
dynamic image (VRML, video file, and so on). clickable image map. The ISMAP= attribute in-
structs the browser to send the pixel coordi-
Common: No nates to the server image map CGI application
Sample: when a visitor selects the image with the mouse
pointer. When HTML 2 established the ISMAP=
<IMG DYNSRC=”foo.avi”> attribute, image maps were implemented in a
HEIGHT=”n” server-side fashion only. Now, client-side image
maps are more popular (see the USEMAP=
Specifies the vertical dimension of the image attribute).
(in pixels). If you don’t use this attribute, the
image appears in the default height. Use this Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
attribute, along with the WIDTH= attribute, to
Sample:
fit an image within a space. You can fit a large
image into a smaller space, and you can spread <A HREF=”/cgi-bin/image map/mymap”>
a smaller image. Some Web designers use the <IMG ISMAP SRC=”images/main.gif”></A>
WIDTH= and HEIGHT= attributes to spread a single LOWSRC=“URL”
pixel image over a large space to produce the
effect of a larger solid-color image. Indicates the absolute or relative location of a
lower resolution version of an image.
Standard: HTML 3.2
Common: Yes Standard: Netscape Navigator
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<IMG SRC=”images/smiley.jpg” WIDTH=50
HEIGHT=50> <IMG SRC=”bigpic.jpg” LOWSRC=”lilpic.jpg”>
HSPACE=”n” LOOP={n, INFINITE}

Establishes a margin of white space (in pixels) Indicates the number of times a video file
to the left and right of a graphic image. (See plays back.
the VSPACE= attribute for how to control the
top and bottom margins around an image.) Common: No
Standard: HTML 3.2 Sample:
Common: Yes <IMG DYNSRC=”bar.avi” LOOP=INFINITE>
Sample:
NAME=“…”
<IMG SRC=”pics/pinetree.jpg” HSPACE=20
VSPACE=15> Specifies a name by which bookmarks, scripts,
ID=n and applets can reference the image.
Common: No
the <IMG> tag. When you then assign a style to Sample:
of the <IMG> tag. <IMG SRC=”tweakie.jpg” NAME=”img_1”>
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Sample:
<IMG SRC=”grapes.jpg” ID=“123”>
48 <IMG>
SRC=“URL” USEMAP=“URL”
E
Specifies the relative or absolute location of a Specifies the location of the client-side image
file that contains the graphic image you want map data (see the <MAP> tag). Because the <MAP>
C
to embed in a document. tag gives the map data an anchor name, be

sure to include the name with the URL of the
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes document that contains the map data.
N
Sample: Standard: HTML 3.2

<IMG SRC=”images/left_arrow.gif” Common: Yes
ALT=”<-“> Sample:
E
<IMG ISMAP SRC=”map1.gif”

START={FILEOPEN, MOUSEOVER}
USEMAP=”maps.html#map1”>
R
Specifies the event that triggers the playback of

VRML=“…”
a dynamic image. START=FILEOPEN starts play-
back when the browser has completely down- Specifies the absolute or relative location of a
E
loaded the file. START=MOUSEOVER starts playback VRML world to embed in a document.
when a visitor places the mouse pointer over
the image.
F
Common: No
Standard: Internet Explorer 2 Sample:
Common: No <IMG VRML=”vr/myroom.vrml”>
E
Sample:
VSPACE=”n”
<IMG DYNSRC=”ship.vrm” START=MOUSOVER>
R
Establishes a margin of white space (in pixels)

STYLE=“…”
above and below a graphic image. (See the
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to HSPACE= attribute for how to control the left
the inline image. and right margins of an image.)
Standard: HTML 4 Standard: HTML 3.2
S

Sample: Sample:
’
<IMG SRC=”dots.gif” STYLE=”background: red”> <IMG SRC=”pics/pinetree.jpg” HSPACE=20

VSPACE=15>
TITLE=“…”
R
WIDTH=”n”
use this attribute for context-sensitive help Specifies the horizontal dimension of the
E
within the document. Browsers may use this to image (in pixels). If you don’t use this
show tool tips over the image. attribute, the image appears in the default
width. Use this attribute, along with the
T
Standard: HTML 4
HEIGHT= attribute, to fit an image within a
Common: No
Sample: space. You can fit a large image into a smaller
space, and you can spread a smaller image.
S
<IMG SRC=”pics/jill.jpg” Some Web designers use WIDTH= and HEIGHT= to

TITLE=”Image”> spread a single pixel image over a large space
A
to produce the effect of a larger solid-color

image.
M
<INPUT> 49 1
Standard: HTML 3.2 ACCEPT=“…”

Common: Yes
Sample: Specifies a list of acceptable MIME types for
submitted files.
<IMG SRC=”images/smiley.jpg” WIDTH=50
HEIGHT=50> Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Other Attributes Sample:
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, <INPUT TYPE=FILE ACCEPT=”image/gif”>
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, Please submit a GIF image.
CHECKED
See the Element-Independent Attributes section Use with TYPE=RADIO or TYPE=CHECKBOX to set
of this reference for definitions and examples. the default state of those input methods
to True.
<INPUT> Standard: HTML 2

Common: Yes
Identifies several input methods for forms. Sample:
This tag must appear between the opening and
<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX CHECKED
closing <FORM> tags.
NAME=”foo” VALUE=”1”><BR>
Standard: HTML 2 2 <INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME=”foo”
Common: Yes VALUE=”2”><BR>
Paired: No
<FORM ACTION=”/cgi-bin/order/” METHOD=POST> Indicates which style class applies to the

<INPUT NAME=”qty” TYPE=”TEXT” SIZE=5> <INPUT> element.
<INPUT TYPE=”submit” VALUE=”Order”> Standard: HTML 4
</FORM> Common: No
Sample:
<INPUT CLASS=”casual” TYPE=TEXT
ALIGN={LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT} NAME=”age”>
Lines up a graphical submit button (TYPE= DATAFLD=“…”

IMAGE). The behavior of this tag is identical to Selects a column from previously identified
that of the ALIGN= attribute of the <IMG> tag. tabular data.
Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated Standard: Internet Explorer 4
in HTML 4 in favor of Common: No
Common: Yes
Sample: <DIV DATASRC=”#data_table”>
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”color”
<INPUT TYPE=IMAGE SRC=”picture.gif” DATAFLD=”colorvals”>
ALIGN=RIGHT>
50 <INPUT>
DATASRC=“…” NAME=“…”
E
Specifies the location of tabular data to be Gives a name to the value you pass to the form
bound. processor. For example, if you collect a person’s
C
last name with an input method of type TEXT,

Common: No you assign the NAME= attribute something like
Sample: “lastname.” This establishes a name-value pair
N
for the form processor.

<INPUT TYPE=TEXT DATASRC=”#data_table”
DATAFLD=”dataval1”> Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
E
DISABLED=“…” Sample:
Disables an instance of the input method so Enter your phone number: <INPUT TYPE=”text”
R
that data cannot be accepted or submitted. NAME=”phone” SIZE=10>

Standard: HTML 4 NOTAB
Common: No
E
Sample: Removes the input element from the tab order.
<INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD NAME=”Pass” Standard: Internet Explorer

F
DISABLED> Common: No
Sample:
ID=”n”
Hair color:
E
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”hcolor” NOTAB>

the <INPUT> tag. When you then assign a style
READONLY
R

instance of the <INPUT> tag. Indicates that changes to the input method
data cannot occur.
Standard: HTML 4
Sample: Common: No
S
Sample:
Age:
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”age” ID=“123”> <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”desc”
’
VALUE=”1/4 inch flange assy”

MAXLENGTH=”n” READONLY>
R
Indicates the number of characters you can SIZE=”n”

enter into a text input field and is only useful
to input methods of type TEXT or PASSWORD. Specifies the width of the input method (in
E
Contrary to the SIZE= attribute, MAXLENGTH= characters). This applies only to input methods
does not affect the size of the input field of type TEXT or PASSWORD. HTML 4 specifies
shown on the screen. size measurements in pixels for all other input
T
methods, but pixel size specification is little

Standard: HTML 2
supported.
Common: Yes
Sample:
S
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
Phone: <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”phone”
Sample:
MAXLENGTH=11>
A
Your Age: <INPUT TYPE=”text” NAME=”Age”

SIZE=5><BR>
M
<INPUT> 51 1
SRC=“URL” TYPE=“…”
Implements a graphic image for a submit but- Indicates the kind of input method to use.
ton. For this to work, indicate TYPE=IMAGE. Valid values are TEXT, PASSWORD, RADIO,
CHECKBOX, SUBMIT, RESET, IMAGE, FILE, HIDDEN,
Standard: HTML 3.2
Common: Yes and BUTTON.
Sample: TEXT produces a simple one-line text input field
<INPUT TYPE=IMAGE SRC=”/images/push- that is useful for obtaining simple data such as a
button.gif”> person’s name, a person’s age, a dollar amount,
and so on. To collect multiple lines of text, use
STYLE=“…” the <TEXTAREA> tag.
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to PASSWORD gives the visitor a simple one-line text
the input element. input field similar to the TEXT type. When visi-
Standard: HTML 4 tors enter data into the field, however, they do
Common: No not see what they type.
Sample:
TYPE=RADIO produces a small radio button that
<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=”food” can be turned on and off. Use radio buttons
VALUE=”1” STYLE=”background: red”> when you want a visitor to select only one of
TABINDEX=“n” several items. For multiple-value selections, see
the CHECKBOX type or the <SELECT> tag.
Specifies where the input method appears in
the tab order. For example, TABINDEX=3 places the SUBMIT produces a button that, when selected,
cursor at the input element after the visitor submits all the name-value pairs to the form
presses the Tab key three times. processor.
Standard: Internet Explorer RESET sets all the input methods to their empty
Common: No or default settings.
Sample:
TYPE=IMAGE replaces the submit button with an
Credit card number: image. The behavior of this value is identical
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”ccard” to that of the submit button, except that the
TABINDEX=5> x,y coordinates of the mouse position over the
TITLE=“…” image when selected are also sent to the form
processor.
use this attribute for context-sensitive help BUTTON creates a button with no specific behav-
within the document. Browsers may use this to ior that can interact with scripts.
show tool tips over the input method. Standard: HTML 2
Common: No Sample:
Sample: <FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=”/cgi-
<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=”cc” bin/thingie”>
VALUE=”visa” TITLE=”Visa”> Name: <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”name”><BR>
Password: <INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD
NAME=”pass”><BR>
52 <INPUT>
Ice Cream: Vanilla<INPUT TYPE=RADIO Attribute Information

E
VALUE=”1” CHECKED NAME=”ice_cream”>

Chocolate<INPUT TYPE=RADIO VALUE=”2”
NAME=”ice_cream”><br>
CITE=“URL”
C
<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE=”Send Data…”> Indicates address of reference (definitive

</FORM> source, for example) for insertion.
USEMAP=“URL”
N
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Indicates the relative or absolute location of a
Sample:
client-side image map to use with the form.
E
<INS CITE=”http://www.w3.org/”>HTML 2 was

Standard: HTML 4 used for 2 years.</INS>
Common: No
R
<INPUT SRC=”mapimage.gif” Indicates which style class applies to the <INS>

USEMAP=”maps.html#map1”> element.
E
VALUE=“…” Standard: HTML 4

Common: No
Sets the default input value method. Required
F
Sample:
when <INPUT> is set to TYPE=RADIO or CHECKBOX.
<INS CLASS=”joeadd”>POP stands for Post
Standard: HTML 2
E
Office Protocol</INS>
Common: Yes
Sample: DATETIME=“…”
R
<INPUT TYPE=HIDDEN NAME=”id” Indicates the date and time in precisely this for-
VALUE=”123”> mat: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssTZD. For example,
Other Attributes 1997-07-14T08:30:00-07:00 indicates July 14,
1997, at 8:30 AM, in U.S. Mountain Time (7 hours
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onfocus, from Greenwich time). This time could also be
S
onblur, onselect, onchange, onClick, presented as 1997-07-14T08:30:00Z.

onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, Standard: HTML 4
’
Common: No
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attrib-
Sample:
R
section of this reference for definitions and <INS DATETIME=”1997-07-14T08:30:00Z”>POP

examples. stands for Post
Office Protocol</INS>
E
<INS> ID=”…”
T
Indicates text to be inserted in the document.

the <INS> tag. When you then assign a style to
May be either block-level or inline, as necessary.
Standard: HTML 4 of the <INS> tag.
S
Common: No
Sample: Common: No
A
Sample:
<P>HTTP stands for HyperText
<INS>Transfer</INS>Protocol</P>
M
<KBD> 53 1
<INS ID=“123”>WWW stands for World Wide Attribute Information

Web</INS>
STYLE=“…” ACTION=“URL”
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to Specifies the URL of the application that
the inserted text. processes the search query. If you don’t include
ACTION=, the query goes to a URL formed from
Standard: HTML 4 the document base (see the <BASE> tag).
Common: No
Common: Yes
<INS STYLE=”background: blue;
Sample:
color: white”>ESP stands for
extra-sensory perception.</INS> <ISINDEX ACTION=”/cgi-bin/index-search”>
TITLE=“…” PROMPT=“…”
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might Changes the input prompt for keyword index
use this attribute for context-sensitive help searches. If you don’t specify PROMPT=, the
within the document. Browsers may use this to browser displays a default prompt.
show tool tips over the inserted text.
Standard: HTML 3.2
Common: No Sample:
Sample:
<ISINDEX PROMPT=”Search for something”>
<INS TITLE=”Definition”>More deleted
K
text.</INS>
Other Attributes
<KBD>
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. Specifies keyboard input within a document.
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes
Sample:
<ISINDEX>
Press <KBD>CTRL+S</KBD> to save your
Inserts an input field into the document so document.
that visitors can enter search queries. The
queries then go to a CGI application indicated Attribute Information
by the ACTION= attribute.
Standard: HTML 2; deprecated in HTML CLASS=“…”
4 in favor of <FORM>
Indicates which style class applies to the <KBD>
Common: Yes
Paired: No element.
<ISINDEX PROMPT=”Keyword Search” Common: No
ACTION=”/cgi-bin/search.cgi”> Sample:
Now press the <KBD CLASS=”casual”>F4
</KBD> key!
54 <KBD>
ID=”…”
L
E

the <KBD> tag. When you then assign a style to
C

of the <KBD> tag. <LABEL>
Standard: HTML 4 Provides identifying text for a form widget.
N
Common: No
Common: No
Press <KBD ID=“123”>F1</KBD> for help.
E
Paired: Yes
Sample:
STYLE=“…”
<LABEL FOR=”idname”>First Name</LABEL>
R
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to <INPUT TYPE=”TEXT” ID=”idname”>

the text within the <KBD> tags.
Standard: HTML 4 Attribute Information
E
Common: No
Sample: ACCESSKEY=“…”
F
<KBD STYLE=”background: red”>F10</KBD> Assigns a keystroke to the element.

TITLE=“…” Standard: HTML 4
E
Common: No
R
within the document. Browsers may use this to <LABEL FOR=”idname” ACCESSKEY=H>
show tool tips over the keyboard text. CLASS=“…”
Standard: HTML 4 Indicates which style class applies to the
Common: No
<INPUT> element.
Sample:
S
Standard: HTML 4
Now press the <KBD
Common: No
TITLE=”Keyboard stuff”>F4</KBD> key.
Sample:
’
Other Attributes <LABEL FOR=”idname” CLASS=”short”>First

R
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Name</LABEL>

onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, <INPUT TYPE=”TEXT” ID=”idname”>
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, FOR=“…”
E

See the Element-Independent Attributes section Specifies the ID of the widget associated with
of this reference for definitions and examples. the label.
T
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Sample:
S
<LABEL FOR=”idname”>First Name</LABEL>

<INPUT TYPE=”TEXT” ID=”idname”>
A
M
<LAYER> 55 1
ID=“n” Other Attributes

Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onfocus,
the <INPUT> tag. When you then assign a style onblur, onselect, onchange, onClick, onDblClick,
to that ID selector, it affects only that one onMouseDown, onMouseUp, onMouseOver,
instance of the <INPUT> tag. onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onKeyPress,
onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. See the
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Element-Independent Attributes section of this
Sample: reference for definitions and examples.
<LABEL FOR=”idname” ID=”234”>First

Name</LABEL> <LAYER>
<INPUT TYPE=”TEXT” ID=”idname”>
Defines a layer within a document, which
STYLE=“…” you can than manipulate with JavaScript.
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to Specify the layer’s contents by placing HTML
the input element. between the <LAYER> tags or by using the SRC=
attribute.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Standard: Netscape Navigator 4
Sample: Common: No
Paired: Yes
<LABEL FOR=”idname” STYLE=”background : Sample:
red”>First Name</LABEL>
<INPUT TYPE=”TEXT” ID=”idname”> <LAYER SRC=”top.html” HEIGHT=100
WIDTH=100 Z-INDEX=4 NAME=”top”
TABINDEX=“n” VISIBILITY=SHOW>
</LAYER>
Specifies where the input method appears in
the tab order. For example, TABINDEX=3 places the Attribute Information
cursor at the input element after the visitor
presses the Tab key three times. ABOVE=“…”
Standard: HTML 4 Specifies the name of a layer above which the
Common: No
current layer should appear.
Sample:
Standard: Netscape Navigator 4
Credit card number:
Common: No
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=”ccard”
Sample:
TABINDEX=5>
<LAYER SRC=”grass.gif” Z-INDEX=1
TITLE=“…” NAME=”Grass” VISIBILITY=SHOW>
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might <LAYER SRC=”dog.gif” ABOVE=”Grass”
use this attribute for context-sensitive help NAME=”Dog”>
show tool tips over the input method.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Sample:
<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=”cc”
VALUE=”visa” TITLE=”Visa”>
56 <LAYER>
BACKGROUND=“URL” Standard: Netscape Navigator 4

E
Common: No
Specifies the relative or absolute location of an Sample:
image file that the browser tiles as the back-
<LAYER SRC=”hawk.jpg” CLIP=”20%,20%”>
C
ground of the layer.

</LAYER>
Common: No HEIGHT=”n”
N
Sample: Specifies the vertical dimension of the layer (in

<LAYER Z-INDEX=5 NAME=”info” pixels or as a percentage of the browser win-
BACKGROUND=”goo.gif”> dow height).
E
<H1>Hi there</H1></LAYER>
BELOW=“…” Common: No
R
Sample:
Specifies the name of a layer below which the
current layer should appear. <LAYER SRC=”frame.gif” ABOVE=”bg”
NAME=”frame” WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200>
E

Common: No LEFT=”n”
Sample:
F
Specifies the layer’s horizontal position (in pixels)

<LAYER BACKGROUND=”road.jpg” relative to the left edge of the parent layer. Use
NAME=”Road” UNDER=”Car”> the TOP= attribute for vertical positioning.
E
</LAYER>
BGCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...” Common: No
R
Sample:
Specifies the background color of the layer. Use
either the hexadecimal RGB values or the color <LAYER LEFT=100 TOP=150>
name. This layer is at {100,150}
</LAYER>
S
Common: No NAME=“…”
Sample:
Gives the layer a name by which other layer
’
<LAYER BGCOLOR=#FF0011> definitions and JavaScript code can reference it.

<DIV ALIGN=CENTER>
<H1><BLINK>EAT AT JOES!</BLINK></H1> Standard: Netscape Navigator 4
R
</DIV> Common: No
</LAYER> Sample:
<LAYER SRC=”car.gif” NAME=”CarPic”
E
CLIP=“x1, y1, x2, y2”

ABOVE=”Road”>
Indicates the dimensions of a clipping rectan- </LAYER>
T
gle that specifies which areas of the layer are SRC=“URL”

visible. Areas outside this rectangle become
transparent. Specifies the relative or absolute location of the
S
file containing the contents of the layer.

You can give the x and y coordinates in pixels
or as percentages to indicate relative portions of Standard: Netscape Navigator 4
Common: No
A
the layer. You can omit x1 and y1 if you want to

clip from the top left corner of the layer. Sample:
<LAYER SRC=”ocean.jpg”></LAYER>
M
<LEGEND> 57 1
TOP=”n” <LEGEND>
Specifies the layer’s vertical position (in pixels) Specifies a description for a fieldset. Use inside
relative to the top edge of the parent layer. Use <FIELDSET> tags.
the LEFT= attribute for horizontal positioning.
Standard: HTML 4
Standard: Netscape Navigator 4 Common: No
Sample: Sample:
<LAYER LEFT=100 TOP=150> <FORM><FIELDSET>
This layer is at {100,150} <LEGEND VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=CENTER>
</LAYER> Test Grades For COOKING 101
</LEGEND>…
VISIBILITY={SHOW, HIDE, INHERIT}
</FORM>
Indicates whether the layer is initially visible.
VISIBILITY=SHOW indicates the layer is initially
visible. VISIBILITY=HIDE indicates the layer is Attribute Information
not initially visible. VISIBILITY=INHERIT indi-
cates the layer has the same initial visibility ALIGN={TOP, BOTTOM, LEFT, RIGHT}
attribute as its parent layer. Indicates whether the legend appears at the
Standard: Netscape Navigator 4 top, bottom, left, or right of the fieldset.
Common: No
Standard: HTML 4
Sample:
Common: No
<LAYER SRC=”grass.gif” Z-INDEX=1 Sample:
NAME=”Grass” VISIBILITY=SHOW>
<LEGEND ALIGN=TOP>
WIDTH=“n” Seattle Staff Directory
</LEGEND>
Specifies the horizontal dimension of the layer
(in pixels or as a percentage of the browser CLASS=“…”
window width). Indicates which style class applies to the
Standard: Netscape Navigator 4 <LEGEND> element.
Sample: Common: No
<LAYER SRC=”frame.gif” ABOVE=”bg” Sample:
NAME=”frame” WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200> <LEGEND CLASS=”casual”>Hydrogen vs
Z-INDEX=”n” Oxygen</LEGEND>
Specifies where the layer appears in the stack ID=”…”

of layers. Higher values indicate a position Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
closer to the top of the stack. the <LEGEND> tag. When you then assign a style
Standard: Netscape Navigator 4 to that ID selector, it affects only that one
Common: No instance of the <LEGEND> tag.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
<LAYER Z-INDEX=0 NAME=”Bottom”> Common: No
You may never see this text if Sample:
other layers are above it.
<LEGEND ID=“123”>Great
</LAYER>
Painters</LEGEND>
58 <LEGEND>
STYLE=“…” Attribute Information

E

the contents of the <LEGEND> tags. CLASS=“…”
C
Standard: HTML 4 Indicates which style class applies to the <LI>

Common: No element.
Sample:
N
Standard: HTML 4
<LEGEND STYLE=”background: red”> Common: No
Sample:
TITLE=“…”
E
<LI CLASS=”casual”>Dogs
use this attribute for context-sensitive help ID=n
R
within the document. Browsers may use this to Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
show tool tips over the legend. the <LI> tag. When you then assign a style to
Standard: HTML 4 that ID selector, it affects only that one instance
E
Common: Yes of the <LI> tag.

Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
F
<LEGEND TITLE=”of Sleepy Hollow”> Common: No

Sample:
Other Attributes
E
<LI ID=“123”>Bees</LI>
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, STYLE=“…”
R
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to

onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. the list item.
of this reference for definitions and examples. Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Sample:
S
<LI> <LI STYLE=”background: red”>

Places items into ordered (see the <OL> tag),
’
TITLE=“…”
menu (see the <MENU> tag), directory (see the
<dir> tag), and unordered (see the <UL> tag) Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
R
lists. use this attribute for context-sensitive help

Standard: HTML 2 show tool tips over the list item.
E
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes, optional Standard: HTML 4
Sample: Common: No
T
Sample:
My favorite foods are:<UL>
<LI>Pepperoni Pizza <LI TITLE=”List Item”>Thingie
<LI>Lasagna
S
<LI>Taco Salad TYPE=“…”

<LI>Bananas Specifies the bullets for each unordered list
A
</UL>
item (see the <UL> tag) or the numbering for
each ordered list item (see the <OL> tag). If you
omit the TYPE= attribute, the browser chooses a
M
default type.
<LINK> 59 1
Valid TYPE values for unordered lists are DISC, within the <HEAD> section. For example, if
SQUARE, and CIRCLE. you access the current document by choosing
a hyperlink from the site’s home page, you can
Valid TYPE values for ordered lists are 1 for ara-
establish a relationship between the current
bic numbers, a for lowercase letters, A for upper-
document and the site’s home page (see the
case letters, i for lowercase roman numerals,
REL= attribute). At this time, however, most
and I for uppercase roman numerals.
browsers don’t use most of these relationships.
Standard: HTML 3.2 You can place several <LINK> tags within the
Common: Yes <HEAD> section of your document to define
Sample: multiple relationships.
<UL> With newer implementations of HTML, you
<LI TYPE=SQUARE>Food can also use the <LINK> tag to establish infor-
<OL>
mation about Cascading Style Sheets. Some
<LI TYPE=1>Spaghetti
<LI TYPE=1>Tossed Salad other relationships that the <LINK> tag defines
</OL> include the following:
</UL> CONTENTS: A table of contents.
VALUE=“…” INDEX: An index.
GLOSSARY: A glossary of terms.
Sets a number in an ordered list. Use this
COPYRIGHT: A copyright notice.
attribute to continue a list after interrupting it
NEXT: The next document in a series (use
with something else in your document. You
with REL=).
can also set a number in an ordered list with
PREVIOUS: The previous document in a series
the START= attribute of the <OL> tag.
(use with REV=).
Because unordered lists do not increment, the START: The first document in a series.
VALUE= attribute is meaningless when used HELP: A document offering help or more
with them. information.
Standard: HTML 3.2 BOOKMARK: A bookmark links to a important
Common: Yes entry point within a longer document.
Sample: STYLESHEET: An external Style Sheet.
ALTERNATE: Different versions of the same
<OL TYPE=1> document. When used with lang, ALTERNATE
<LI VALUE=5>Watch implies a translated document; when used
<LI>Compass with MEDIA, it implies a version for a differ-
</OL> ent medium.
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Common: Yes
Paired: No
Sample:
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. <HEAD>
See the Element-Independent Attributes section <TITLE>Prices</TITLE>
of this reference for definitions and examples. <LINK REL=Top HREF=
”http://www.raycomm.com/”>
<LINK REL=Search HREF=
<LINK> ”http://www.raycomm.com/search.html”>
</HEAD>
Establishes relationships between the current
document and other documents. Use this tag
60 <LINK>
Attribute Information REL=Top defines the site home page or the top of
E
the site hierarchy. REL=Contents usually defines

HREF=“URL” the location of a resource that lists the contents
of the site. REL=Index provides a link to an index
C
Indicates the relative or absolute location of of the site. REL=Glossary indicates the location
the resource you are establishing a relationship of a glossary resource. REL=Copyright indicates
to/from. the location of a copyright statement. REL=Next
N
Standard: HTML 2 and REL=Previous establish relationships

Common: Yes between documents or resources in a series.
Sample: REL=Help indicates the location of a help
E
resource. REL=Search specifies the location of a

<LINK REL=Prev HREF=”page1.html”>
search resource. REL=Style Sheet specifies infor-
MEDIA=“…” mation about Style Sheets.
R
Specifies the destination medium for style Standard: HTML 2

information. It may be a single type or a Common: Yes
E
comma-separated list. Media types include the Sample:

following: <LINK REL=Help HREF=”/Help/index.html”>
F
<LINK REL=Style Sheet HREF=”sitehead.css”>

Screen—for online viewing (default setting)
</HEAD>
Print—for traditional printed material and
for documents on screen viewed in print REV=“…”
E
preview mode
Establishes reverse relationships between the
Projection—for projectors
current document and other resources. One
R
Braille—for Braille tactile feedback devices

common use is REV=”made”, after which you
Speech—for a speech synthesizer can set the HREF= attribute to a mailto: URL to
All—applies to all devices contact the author of the document.
Common: No
S
Common: Yes
Sample: Sample:
<LINK MEDIA=SCREEN REL=”STYLESHEET” <LINK REV=made
’
HREF=”/global.css”> HREF=”mailto:jdoe@somewhere.com”>
NAME=“…”
R
TARGET=“…”
Specifies a name by which bookmarks, scripts, Specifies the name of a frame in which the ref-
and applets can reference the relationship. erenced link appears.
E
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 Standard: Internet Explorer 4

T
Sample: Sample:
<LINK REL=”Search” HREF=”/search.html” <LINK TARGET=”_blank” REL=”Home”
NAME=”Search”> HREF=”http://www.mememe.com/”>
S
REL=“…” TITLE=“…”
A
Defines the relationship you are establishing Specifies text assigned to the tag that can be
between the current document and another used for context-sensitive help within the doc-
resource. The HTML 3.2 specification includes ument. Browsers may use this to show tool tips.
M
several standard values for the REL= attribute.

<MAP> 61 1
Standard: HTML 4
Common:
Sample:
Yes
<LINK REL=Top HREF=”/index.html”

TITLE=”Home Page”>
M
<MAP>
TYPE=“…”
Specifies a container for client-side image map
Specifies the MIME type of a Style Sheet to data. Inside the <MAP> container, you place
import with the <LINK> tag. instances of the <AREA> tag.
Standard: HTML 4 Standard: HTML 3.2
Sample: Paired: Yes
<LINK REL=STYLESHEET TYPE=”text/css” Sample:
HREF=”/style/main.css”> <MAP NAME=”mainmap”> <AREA NOHREF
Other Attributes ALT=”Home” SHAPE=RECT COORDS=”0,0,100,100”>
<AREA HREF=”yellow.html” ALT=”Yellow”
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onfocus, SHAPE=RECT COORDS=”100,0,200,100”>
onblur, onchange, onselect, onClick, <AREA HREF=”blue.html” ALT=”Blue”
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, SHAPE=RECT COORDS=”0,100,100,200”>
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, <AREA HREF=”red.html” ALT=”Red”
SHAPE=RECT COORDS=”100,100,200,200”>
</MAP>
of this reference for definitions and examples. Attribute Information
<LISTING> CLASS=“…”
Specifies preformatted text to include within a Indicates which style class applies to the
document. Unlike the <PRE> tags, the browser element.
does not interpret HTML tags within the Standard: HTML 4
<LISTING>tags. HTML 3.2 declared this tag Common: No
obsolete, so use <PRE> instead. Sample:
Standard: Obsolete <MAP CLASS=”casual” NAME=”simba”>
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes ID=“…”
Sample: Indicates an identifier to associate with the
The output from these reports is shown map. You can also use this to apply styles to
below. the object.
<LISTING>
Company Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Standard: HTML 4
—————- ——— ——— ———- ———-
Common: No
Widget Inc. 4.5m 4.6m 6.2m 4.5m
Sample:
Acme Widget 5.9m 10.2m 7.3m 6.6m <MAP ID=”123” NAME=”simba”>
West Widget 2.2m 1.3m 3.1m 6.1m
</LISTING>
62 <MAP>
NAME=“…” Attribute Information

E
Establishes a name for the map information

you can later reference by the USEMAP=.attribute ALIGN={LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT, TOP,
BOTTOM}
C
of the <IMG> tag.

Standard: HTML 3.2 Specifies the alignment of text outside the
Common: Yes marquee.
N
Sample:
<MAP NAME=”housemap”> Common: No
. . . Sample:
E
<IMG SRC=”house.gif” USEMAP=”#housemap”

<MARQUEE WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=50
BORDER=0 ALT=”Map of House”>
ALIGN=LEFT DIRECTION=LEFT>
R
STYLE=“…” How To Groom Your Dog</MARQUEE>
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to BEHAVIOR={SLIDE, SCROLL, ALTERNATE}

E
the contents within the <MAP> tags. Indicates the type of scrolling. BEHAVIOR=
Standard: HTML 4 SCROLL scrolls text from one side of the marquee,
Common: No across, and off the opposite side. BEHAVIOR=
F
Sample: SLIDE scrolls text from one side of the marquee,

<MAP STYLE=”background: black”> across, and stops when the text reaches the
E
opposite side. BEHAVIOR=ALTERNATE bounces

TITLE=“…” the marquee text from one side to the other.
R
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might Standard: Internet Explorer
use this attribute for context-sensitive help Common: No
within the document. Browsers may use this to Sample:
show tool tips. <MARQUEE DIRECTION=LEFT
Standard: HTML 4 BEHAVIOR=ALTERNATE>
S
Common: No GO BEARS! WIN WIN WIN!

Sample: </MARQUEE>
BGCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
’
<MAP TITLE=”Image map spec”>

Specifies the background color of the marquee.
<MARQUEE>
R
Use a hexadecimal RGB color value or a color

Displays a scrolling text message within a name.
document. Only Internet Explorer recognizes Standard: Internet Explorer
E
this tag. Common: No

Sample:
T
Common: No <MARQUEE BGCOLOR=”red” DIRECTION=LEFT>

Paired: Yes Order opera tickets here!
Sample: </MARQUEE>
S
<MARQUEE DIRECTION=LEFT BEHAVIOR=SCROLL

SCROLLDELAY=250 SCROLLAMOUNT=10>
A
Big sale today on fuzzy wuzzy widgets!

</MARQUEE>
M
<MARQUEE> 63 1
DATAFLD=“…” HSPACE=”n”
Selects a column from a block of tabular data. Specifies the size of the margins (in pixels) to
the left and right of the marquee.
Common: No Standard: Internet Explorer
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<MARQUEE DATASRC=”#data_table”
DATAFLD=”nitems”> <MARQUEE DIRECTION=LEFT HSPACE=25>
Check out our detailed product
DATAFORMATAS={TEXT, HTML, NONE} descriptions!</MARQUEE>
Specifies how items selected from tabular data ID=“…”
format within the document.
the <MARQUEE> tag. When you then assign a
Common: No
Sample: style to that ID selector, it affects only that one
instance of the <MARQUEE> tag.
<MARQUEE DATASRC=”#data_table”
DATAFLD=”nitems” DATAFORMATAS=HTML> Standard: Internet Explorer 4
Common: No
DATASRC=“…” Sample:
Specifies the location of tabular data to be <MARQUEE ID=”3d4”>
bound within the document.
LOOP={n, INFINITE}
Common: No Controls the appearance of the marquee text.
Sample: Standard: Internet Explorer
<MARQUEE DATASRC=”#data_table” Common: No
DATAFLD=”nitems”> Sample:
<MARQUEE LOOP=5>
DIRECTION={LEFT, RIGHT}
December 12 is our big, all-day sale!
Indicates the direction in which the marquee </MARQUEE>
text scrolls. SCROLLAMOUNT=”n”
Indicates how far (in pixels) the marquee text
Common: No
Sample: shifts between redraws. Decrease this value for
a smoother (but slower) scroll; increase it for a
<MARQUEE DIRECTION=LEFT> faster (but bumpier) scroll.
Order opera tickets here!
</MARQUEE> Standard: Internet Explorer
Common: No
HEIGHT=”n” Sample:
Specifies the vertical dimension of the mar- <MARQUEE SCROLLAMOUNT=10
quee (in pixels). SCROLLDELAY=40>Plant a tree for Arbor Day!
</MARQUEE>
Common: No SCROLLDELAY=”n”
Sample:
Indicates how often (in milliseconds) the mar-
<MARQUEE WIDTH=300 HEIGHT=50> quee text redraws. Increase this value to slow
GO BEARS!</MARQUEE>
64 <MARQUEE>
the scrolling action; decrease it to speed the <MENU>

E
scrolling action.
Defines a menu list. Use the <LI> tag to indi-
cate list items. Use <UL> instead of this depre-
Common: No
C
Sample: cated element.
<MARQUEE DIRECTION=RIGHT Standard: HTML 2; deprecated

N
SCROLLDELAY=30>Eat at Joe’s!</MARQUEE> in HTML 4

Common: No
STYLE=“…” Paired: Yes
Sample:
E

the text within the <MARQUEE> tags. Now you can:<MENU>
<LI>Eat the sandwich
R
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 <LI>Place the sandwich in the fridge

Common: No <LI>Feed the sandwich to the dog
Sample: </MENU>
E
<MARQUEE STYLE=”background: red”>

TITLE=“…”
F
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might CLASS=“…”

use this attribute for context-sensitive help Indicates which style class applies to the
E
within the document. Browsers may use this to <MENU> element.

show tool tips over the marquee.
Standard: HTML 4
R
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 Common: No

Common: No Sample:
Sample:
<MENU CLASS=”casual”>
<MARQUEE TITLE=”Scrolling Marquee”> <LI>Information
<LI>Members
VSPACE=”n”
S
<LI>Guests
Specifies the size of the margins (in pixels) at </MENU>
the top and bottom of the marquee.
’
COMPACT
Standard: Internet Explorer Specifies that the menu list appear in a space-
R
Common: No
saving form.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 2; deprecated
<MARQUEE DIRECTION=LEFT VSPACE=25>
in HTML 4
E
Check out our detailed product

Common: Yes
descriptions!</MARQUEE>
Sample:
T
WIDTH=”n” <H2>Drinks Available</H2>

Specifies the horizontal dimension (in pixels) <MENU COMPACT>
of the marquee. <LI>Cola</LI>
S
<LI>Fruit Drink</LI>
Standard: Internet Explorer <LI>Orange Juice</LI>
Common: No <LI>Water</LI>
A
Sample: </MENU>
<MARQUEE WIDTH=300>
Go Bears!</MARQUEE>
M
<META> 65 1
ID=“…” <META>
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of Specifies information about the document to
the <MENU> tag. When you then assign a style to browsers, applications, and search engines.
that ID selector, it affects only that one Place the <META> tag within the document
instance of the <MENU> tag. head. For example, you can use the <META> tag
Standard: HTML 4 to instruct the browser to load a new docu-
Common: No ment after 10 seconds (client-pull), or you can
Sample: specify keywords for search engines to associ-
You’ll need the following:
ate with your document.
<MENU ID=“123”> Standard: HTML 2
<LI>Extra socks Common: Yes
<LI>Snack crackers Paired: No
<LI>Towel Sample:
</MENU>
<HEAD>
STYLE=“…” <TITLE>Igneous Rocks In North America
</TITLE>
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to <META HTTP-EQUIV=”Keywords”
the menu list. CONTENT=”Geology, Igneous, Volcanos”>
Standard: HTML 4 </HEAD>
Common: Yes
<MENU STYLE=”background: black; color: CONTENT=“…”
white”>
Assigns values to the HTTP header field.
TITLE=“…” When using the REFRESH HTTP header, assign
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might a number along with a URL to the CONTENT=
use this attribute for context-sensitive help attribute; the browser then loads the specified
within the document. Browsers may use this to URL after the specified number of seconds.
show tool tips over the menu list. Standard: HTML 2
Common: No Sample:
Sample: <META HTTP-EQUIV=”Refresh”
<MENU TITLE=”Menu List”> CONTENT=”2; URL=nextpage.html”>
Other Attributes HTTP-EQUIV=“…”

This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Indicates the HTTP header value you want to
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, define, such as Refresh, Expires, or Content-
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, Language. Other header values are listed in
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. RFC2068.
See the Element-Independent Attributes sec- Standard: HTML 2
tion of this reference for definitions and Common: Yes
examples. Sample:
<META HTTP-EQUIV=”Expires” CONTENT=
”Tue, 04 Aug 1997 22:39:22 GMT”>
66 <META>
NAME=“…” WIDTH=“n”
E
Specifies the name of the association you are Indicates the horizontal dimension (in pixels
defining, such as Keywords or Description. . or as a percentage of the total width available)
C
of each column.
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes Standard: Netscape Navigator 4
Sample: Common: No
N
Sample:
<META NAME=”Keywords” CONTENT=
”travel,automobile”> <MULTICOL COLS=2 WIDTH=”30%”>
<META NAME=”Description” CONTENT=”The Nash
E
Metro moves fast and goes beep beep.”>

Other Attributes
N
R

E

examples.
<NOBR>
Disables line-wrapping for a section of text. To
F
force a word-break within a <NOBR> clause, use

<MULTICOL> the <WBR> tag.
E
Formats text into newspaper-style columns. Standard: Netscape Navigator

Common: Yes
Paired: Yes
Common: No
R
Sample:
Paired: Yes
Sample: <NOBR>This entire line of text will
remain on one single line in the
<MULTICOL COLS=2 GUTTER=10>
browser window until the closing
. . .
tag appears. That doesn’t happen
</MULTICOL>
S
until right now.</NOBR>

Attribute Information Attribute Information
’
COLS=“n” CLASS=“…”
R
Indicates the number of columns.

Indicate which style class applies to the
Standard: Netscape Navigator 4 element.
E
Common: No
Sample: Standard: Netscape Navigator
Common: No
<MULTICOL COLS=4> Sample:
T
GUTTER=“n” <NOBR CLASS=”casual”>
ID=“…”
S
Indicates the width of the space (in pixels)

between multiple columns.
Standard: Netscape Navigator 4 the <NOBR> tag. When you then assign a style to
A
Common: No that ID selector, it affects only that one

Sample: instance of the <NOBR> tag.
M
<MULTICOL COLS=3 GUTTER=15>

<OBJECT> 67 1
Standard: Netscape Navigator Standard: HTML 4

Sample: Sample:
You’ll need the following: <NOFRAMES TITLE=”HTML for nonframed
<NOBR ID=“123”> browsers”>
STYLE=“…”
<NOSCRIPT>
the nonbreaking text. Provides HTML content for browsers that do
not support scripts. Use the <NOSCRIPT> tags
Standard: Netscape Navigator inside a script definition.
Common: Yes
Common: No
<NOBR STYLE=”background: black”> Paired: Yes
Sample:
<NOFRAMES> <NOSCRIPT>
Provides HTML content for browsers that do Because you can see this, you can tell that
not support frames or are configured not to your browser will not run (or is set not to
run) scripts. </NOSCRIPT>
present frames. You can include a <BODY> tag
within the <NOFRAMES> section to provide addi-
tional formatting and Style Sheet features.
Standard:
Common:
Paired:
HTML 4
Yes
Yes
O
Sample: <OBJECT>
<FRAMESET COLS=”*,70”> Embeds a software object into a document.
<FRAME SRC=”frames/body.html” The object can be an ActiveX object, a Quick-
NAME=”body”> Time movie, or any other objects or data that a
<FRAME SRC=”frames/side.html” browser supports.
NAME=”side”>
</FRAMESET> Use the <PARAM> tag to supply parameters to
<NOFRAMES> the embedded object. You can place messages
<p>Your browser doesn’t support frames. and other tags between the <OBJECT> tags for
Please follow the links below for the rest browsers that do not support embedded
of the story. objects.
<p><a href=”Prices.html”>Prices</a> | <a
href=”About.html”>About Us</a> | <a Standard: HTML 4
href=”Contact.html”>Contact Us</a> Common: No
</NOFRAMES> Paired: Yes
Sample:
Attribute Information <OBJECT CLASSID=”/thingie.py”>
<PARAM NAME=”thing” VALUE=1>
TITLE=“…” Sorry. Your browser does not support
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might embedded objects. If it supported these
objects you would not see this message.
</OBJECT>
show tool tips.
68 <OBJECT>

E
Common: No
Sample:
ALIGN={LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT, TEXTTOP,
MIDDLE, TEXTMIDDLE, BASELINE, <OBJECT DATA=“shocknew.dcr”
C
TEXTBOTTOM, BASELINE} TYPE=”application/director” WIDTH=288

HEIGHT=200 BORDER=10>
Indicates how the embedded object lines up rela-
N
tive to the edges of the browser windows and/or CODEBASE=“…”

other elements within the browser window. Specifies the absolute or relative location of the
Using ALIGN=LEFT, ALIGN=RIGHT, or ALIGN= base directory in which the browser will look
E
CENTER will cause the embedded object to float for data and other implementation files.
between the edges of the window either to the Standard: HTML 4
R
left, right, or evenly between. The behavior is Common: No

similar to that of the ALIGN= attribute of the Sample:
<IMG> tag.
<OBJECT CODEBASE=”/~fgm/code/”>
E
ALIGN=TEXTTOP aligns the top of the embedded </OBJECT>

object with the top of the surrounding text. CODETYPE=“…”
F
ALIGN=TEXTMIDDLE aligns the middle of the

Specifies the MIME type for the embedded
embedded object with the middle of the sur- object’s code.
E
rounding text.
Standard: HTML 4
ALIGN=TEXTBOTTOM aligns the bottom of the Common: No
R
embedded object with the bottom of the sur- Sample:

rounding text.
<OBJECT
ALIGN=BASELINE aligns the bottom of the CODETYPE=”application/x-msword”>
embedded object with the baseline of the sur- </OBJECT>
rounding text. CLASS=“…”
S
ALIGN=MIDDLE aligns the middle of the embed-

ded object with the baseline of the surround- element.
’
ing text.
Standard: HTML 4
Standard: HTML 4; deprecated in favor
R
Common: No
of Style Sheets Sample:
Common: No
Sample: <OBJECT CLASS=”casual”
E
CODETYPE=”application/x-msword”>
<OBJECT DATA=“shocknew.dcr” </OBJECT>
TYPE=”application/director” WIDTH=288
T
HEIGHT=200 ALIGN=RIGHT> CLASSID=“…”

BORDER=“n” Specifies the URL of an object resource.
S
Indicates the width (in pixels) of a border Standard: HTML 4

around the embedded object. BORDER=0 indi- Common: No
cates no border. Sample:
A
<OBJECT
CLASSID=”http://www.raycomm.com/
M
bogus.class”>
<OBJECT> 69 1
DATA=“URL” Sample:
Specifies the absolute or relative location of the <OBJECT DATA=“shocknew.dcr”
embedded object’s data. TYPE=”application/director” WIDTH=288
HEIGHT=200 VSPACE=10 HSPACE=10>
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No HSPACE=“n”
Sample:
Specifies the size of the margins (in pixels) to
<OBJECT DATA=”/~fgm/goo.AVI”> the left and right of the embedded object.
</OBJECT>
Standard: HTML 4
DATAFLD=“…” Common: No
Sample:
Selects a column from a block of tabular data.
<OBJECT DATA=“shocknew.dcr”
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 TYPE=”application/director” WIDTH=288
Common: No HEIGHT=200 VSPACE=10 HSPACE=10>
Sample:
ID=“…”
<OBJECT DATA=”dataview.ocx”
DATASRC=”#data_table” Indicates an identifier to associate with the
DATAFLD=”datafld1”> embedded object. You can also use this to
apply styles to the object.
DATASRC=“…”
Standard: HTML 4
Specifies the location of tabular data to be Common: No
bound within the document. Sample:
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 <OBJECT DATA=“shocknew.dcr”
Common: No TYPE=”application/director” WIDTH=288
Sample: HEIGHT=200 VSPACE=10 HSPACE=10
<OBJECT DATA=”dataview.ocx” ID=”swave2”>
DATASRC=”#data_table”>
NAME=“…”
DECLARE Specifies the name of the embedded object.
Defines the embedded object without actually Standard: HTML 4
loading it into the document. Common: No
Common: No <OBJECT CLASSID=”clsid:99B42120-6EC7-11CF-
Sample: A6C7-00AA00A47DD3” NAME=”Very Cool Thingie”>
<OBJECT CLASSID=”clsid:99B42120-6EC7-11CF- </OBJECT>
A6C7-00AA00A47DD3” DECLARE> SHAPES
</OBJECT>
Indicates that the embedded object has shaped
HEIGHT=“n” hyperlinks (that is, image maps).
Specifies the vertical dimension (in pixels) of Standard: HTML 4
the embedded object. Common: No
Common: No <OBJECT DATA=”navbar.gif” SHAPES>
70 <OBJECT>
STANDBY=“…” Standard: HTML 4

E
Common: No
Specifies a message that the browser displays Sample:
while the object is loading.
<OBJECT DATA=“shocknew.dcr”
C
Standard: HTML 4 TYPE=”application/x-director” WIDTH=288

Common: No HEIGHT=200 VSPACE=10 HSPACE=10>
Sample:
N
USEMAP=“URL”
<OBJECT
STANDBY=”Please wait. Movie loading.” Indicates the relative or absolute location of a
WIDTH=100 HEIGHT=250> client-side image map to use with the embed-
E
<PARAM NAME=SRC VALUE=”TheEarth.AVI”> ded object.

<PARAM NAME=AUTOSTART VALUE=TRUE>
<PARAM NAME=PLAYBACK VALUE=FALSE> Standard: HTML 4
R
</OBJECT> Common: No
Sample:
TABINDEX=“n”
<OBJECT USEMAP=”maps.html#map1”>
E
Indicates the place of the embedded object in

the tabbing order.
VSPACE=“n”
F
Standard: HTML 4 Specifies the size of the margin (in pixels) at

Common: No the top and bottom of the embedded object.
Sample:
E
Standard: HTML 4
<OBJECT Common: No
CLASSID=”clsid:99B42120-6EC7-11CF-A6C7- Sample:
R
00AA00A47DD3” TABINDEX=3> <OBJECT DATA=”shocknew.dcr”

</OBJECT> TYPE=”application/director” WIDTH=288
TITLE=“…” HEIGHT=200 VSPACE=10 HSPACE=10>
</OBJECT>
WIDTH=“n”
S

within the document. Browsers may use this to Indicates the horizontal dimension (in pixels)
show tool tips over the embedded object. of the embedded object.
’

R
Sample: Sample:
<OBJECT <OBJECT DATA=“shocknew.dcr”
E
TITLE=”Earth Movie” WIDTH=100 TYPE=”application/director” WIDTH=288

HEIGHT=250> HEIGHT=200 VSPACE=10 HSPACE=10>
<PARAM NAME=SRC VALUE=”TheEarth.AVI”>
T
<PARAM NAME=AUTOSTART VALUE=TRUE> Other Attributes

<PARAM NAME=PLAYBACK VALUE=FALSE>
</OBJECT>
S

TYPE=“…” onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
A
Indicates the MIME type of the embedded

object.
M
<OL> 71 1
<OL> that ID selector, it affects only that one

instance of the <OL> tag.
Contains a numbered (ordered) list.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes Sample:
Paired: Yes
Recommended bicycle accessories:
Sample:
<OL ID=“123”>
<OL TYPE=i> <LI>Water bottle
<LI>Introduction <LI>Helmet
<LI>Part One <LI>Tire pump
<OL TYPE=A> </OL>
<LI>Chapter 1
<LI>Chapter 2 START=“…”
</OL> Specifies the value at which the ordered list
</OL>
should start.
Common: Yes
CLASS=“…” Sample:
Indicates which style class applies to the <OL> <OL TYPE=A START=F>
element. STYLE=“”…”
Standard: HTML 4 Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
Common: No
the ordered list.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
<OL CLASS=”casual”>
Common: Yes
<LI>Check engine oil
Sample:
<LI>Check tire pressures
<LI>Fill with gasoline <OL STYLE=”background: black; color:
<OL> white”>
COMPACT TITLE=“…”
Indicates that the ordered list appears in a Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
compact format. This attribute may not affect use this attribute for context-sensitive help
the appearance of the list as most browsers do within the document. Browsers may use this to
not present lists in more than one format. show tool tips over the ordered list.
Standard: HTML 2, deprecated Standard: HTML 4
in HTML 4 Common: No
Common: No Sample:
Sample:
<OL TITLE=”Ordered list”>
<OL COMPACT>
TYPE=“…”
ID=“n”
Specifies the numbering style of the ordered
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of list. Possible values are 1 for arabic numbers, i
the <OL> tag. When you then assign a style to for lower case roman numerals, I for uppercase
72 <OL>
roman numerals, a for lowercase letters, and A DISABLED=“…”

E
for uppercase letters.

Denies access to the input method.
Standard: HTML 2
C
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<OL TYPE=a>
N
<LI>Breakfast <OPTION VALUE=”Bogus” DISABLED>Nothing here

<LI>Mrs. Johnson will speak ID=“n”
<LI>Demonstration
<LI>Lunch Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
E
</OL> the <OPTION> tag. When you then assign a style

Other Attributes to that ID selector, it affects only that one
R
instance of the <OPTION> tag.

Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
E
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, Sample:

See the Element-Independent Attributes section <OPTION ID=“123”>Mastercard
F
of this reference for definitions and examples. SELECTED

E
Marks a selection list item as preselected.

<OPTION> Standard: HTML 2
Indicates items in a fill-out form selection list Common: Yes
R
(see the <SELECT> tag). Sample:

Standard: HTML 2 <OPTION SELECTED VALUE=1>Ice Cream
Common: Yes </OPTION>
Paired: No
Sample: TITLE=“…”
S
Select an artist from the 1970s:<SELECT Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
NAME=”artists”> use this attribute for context-sensitive help
’
<OPTION>Boston within the document. Browsers may use this to

<OPTION SELECTED>Pink Floyd show tool tips over the selection list option.
R
<OPTION>Reo Speedwagon
</SELECT>
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
E
<OPTION TITLE=”Option”>Thingie
CLASS=“…”
VALUE=“…”
T
Indicate which style class applies to the

Indicates which data is sent to the form proces-
element.
sor if you choose the selection list item. If the
S
Standard: HTML 4 VALUE= attribute is not present within the

Common: No <OPTION> tag, the text between the <OPTION>
Sample:
A
tags is sent instead.

<OPTION NAME=”color” CLASS=”casual”>
M
<P> 73 1
Standard: HTML 2 CLASS=“…”

Common: Yes
Sample: Indicates which style class applies to the <P>
element.
<OPTION VALUE=2>Sandwiches</OPTION>
Standard: HTML 4
Sample:
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onfocus,
onblur, onchange, onselect, onClick, <P CLASS=”casual”>Tom turned at the
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, next street and stopped.
ID=“n”
See the Element-Independent Attributes section Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
of this reference for definitions and examples. the <P> tag. When you then assign a style to
instance of the <P> tag.
P Standard:
Common:
Sample:
HTML 4
No
<P> <P ID=“123”>This paragraph is yellow on

black!
Indicates a paragraph in a document.
STYLE=“…”
Standard: HTML 2
Paired: Yes, optional the contents of the paragraph.
<P >As soon as she left, Common: No
the phone began ringing. “Hello,” Sample:
I said after lifting the receiver.</P> <P STYLE=”background: red;
<P>”Is she gone yet?” said the voice color: white”>
on the other end.</P>
TITLE=“…”
ALIGN={LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT} use this attribute for context-sensitive help
Aligns paragraph text flush left, flush right, or show tool tips over the paragraph.
in the center of the document.
Standard: HTML 4
Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated Common: No
in HTML 4 in favor of Sample:
Style Sheets
<P TITLE=”Paragraph”>
Common: Yes
Sample:
<P ALIGN=CENTER>There will be fun and
games for everyone!
74 <P>
WIDTH=“n” Standard: Internet Explorer 4

E
Common: No
Specifies the horizontal dimension of the para- Sample:
graph (in pixels).
<PARAM DATA=”dataview.ocx”
C
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 DATASRC=”#data_table”>

Common: No
Sample: NAME=“…”
N
<P WIDTH=250> Indicates the name of the parameter passed to

the embedded object.
Other Attributes
E
Standard: HTML 4
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Common: No
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, Sample:
R

<PARAM NAME=”startyear” VALUE=”1920”>
See the Element-Independent Attributes section TITLE=“…”
E

F
<PARAM> within the document. Browsers may use this to

show tool tips.
Specifies parameters passed to an embedded
E
object. Use the <PARAM> tag within the <OBJECT> Standard: HTML 4
or <APPLET> tags. Common: No
Sample:
R
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No <PARAM TITLE=”Object parameter”
Paired: No NAME=”size” VALUE=”0”>
Sample: TYPE=“…”
<OBJECT CLASSID=”/thingie.py”>
Specifies the MIME type of the data found at
S
<PARAM NAME=”thing” VALUE=1>

Sorry. Your browser does not support the specified URL. Use this attribute with the
embedded objects. VALUETYPE=REF attribute.
’
</OBJECT> Standard: HTML 44

Common: No
R
Sample:
DATAFLD=“…” <PARAM NAME=”data”

VALUE=”/data/sim1.zip”
E
Selects a column from a block of tabular data. VALUETYPE=REF

TYPE=”application/x-zip-compressed”>
T
Common: No VALUE=“…”
Sample:
Specifies the value associated with the parame-
S
<PARAM DATA=”dataview.ocx” ter passed to the embedded object.

DATASRC=”#data_table”
DATAFLD=”datafld1”> Standard: HTML 4
A
Common: No
DATASRC=“…” Sample:
Specifies the location of tabular data to be <PARAM NAME=”startyear” VALUE=”1920”>
M
bound within the document.

<PRE> 75 1
VALUETYPE={REF, OBJECT, DATA} Attribute Information

Indicates the kind of value passed to the
embedded object. VALUETYPE=REF indicates a CLASS=“…”
URL passed to the embedded object. VALUETYPE= Indicates which style class applies to the <PRE>
OBJECT indicates that the VALUE attribute speci- element.
fies the location of object data. VALUETYPE=DATA
indicates that the VALUE= attribute is set to a Standard: HTML 4
plain text string. Use this for passing alphanu- Common: No
Sample:
meric data to the embedded object.
<PRE CLASS=”casual”>BBQ INFO</PRE>
Standard: Internet Explorer 3, HTML 4
Common: No ID=“…”
Sample:
<PARAM NAME=”length” VALUE=”9” the <PRE> tag. When you then assign a style to
VALUETYPE=DATA>
instance of the <PRE> tag.
<PLAINTEXT>
Standard: HTML 4
Specifies that text appears as preformatted. This Common: No
tag is obsolete; the <PRE> tags has replaced it. Sample:
Standard: Obsolete An example of an emoticon:
Common: No <PRE ID=“123”>
Paired: Yes :-)
Sample: </PRE>
<PLAINTEXT>Now go to the store and buy: STYLE=“…”
Wrapping paper
Tape Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
Markers the contents within the <PRE> tags.
</PLAINTEXT>
Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes
<PRE> Sample:
Contains preformatted plain text. This is useful <PRE STYLE=”background : red”>
for including computer program output or
TITLE=“…”
source code within your document.
Standard: HTML 2 Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
Common: Yes use this attribute for context-sensitive help
Paired: Yes within the document. Browsers may use this to
Sample: show tool tips over the preformatted text.
Here’s the source code: Standard: HTML 4
<PRE> Common: No
#include <stdio.h> Sample:
void main()
<PRE TITLE=”preformatted text”>
{
printf(“Hello World!\n”);
}
</PRE>
76 <PRE>
WIDTH=“n” CLASS=“…”
E
Specifies the horizontal dimension of the pre- Indicates which style class applies to the
formatted text (in pixels). <BLOCKQUOTE> element.
C

Sample: Sample:
N
<PRE WIDTH=80> <BLOCKQUOTE CLASS=”casual”>

Twas the night before
Other Attributes Christmas…</BLOCKQUOTE>
E
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, ID=“…”

R
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of

onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. the <BLOCKQUOTE> tag. When you then assign a
See the Element-Independent Attributes section style to that ID selector, it affects only that one
E
of this reference for definitions and examples. instance of the <BLOCKQUOTE> tag.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
F
Q Sample:
On July 12, John wrote a profound
E
sentence in his diary:

<BLOCKQUOTE ID=“123”>I woke up this
<Q> morning at nine and it was raining.
R
</BLOCKQUOTE>
Quotes a direct source within a paragraph. Use
<BLOCKQUOTE> to signify only a longer or block STYLE=“…”
quotation.
Standard: HTML 4 the contents within the <BLOCKQUOTE> tags.
S
Common: No
Sample: Common: No
’
Sample:
Dr. Henry remarked
<Q>I really like the procedure.</Q> <BLOCKQUOTE STYLE=”background: red”>
R
TITLE=“…”
E
CITE=“…” use this attribute for context-sensitive help

Specifies a reference URL for a quotation.
T
show tool tips over the quoted text.

Standard: HTML 4
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Common: No
S
Sample:
Sample:
<BLOCKQUOTE
<BLOCKQUOTE TITLE=”Quotation”>
A
CITE=”http://www.clement.moore.com/
xmas.html”>
Twas the night…”
</BLOCKQUOTE>
M
<SCRIPT> 77 1
Other Attributes Just for fun, think of how many

words end with the letters
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, <SAMP ID=“123”>ing</SAMP>.
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, STYLE=“…”
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
See the Element-Independent Attributes section the contents within the <SAMP> tags.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes
S
Sample:
<SAMP STYLE=”background: red”>
TITLE=“…”
<SAMP> Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
Indicates a sequence of literal characters.
Standard: HTML 2 show tool tips.
Common: Yes
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
An example of a palindrome is the word
<SAMP>TOOT</SAMP>. <SAMP TITLE=”Sample”>
Other Attributes
Indicates which style class applies to the onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
<SAMP> element. See the Element-Independent Attributes section
Common: No
Sample:
<SCRIPT>
The PC screen read:
<SAMP CLASS=”casual”>Command Not Found Contains browser script code. Examples
</SAMP> include JavaScript and VBScript. It is a good
idea to place the actual script code within the
ID=“…”
comment tags so that browsers that don’t sup-
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of port the <SCRIPT> tag code can ignore it.
the <SAMP> tag. When you then assign a style to Standard: HTML 3.2
that ID selector, it affects only that one Common: Yes
instance of the <SAMP> tag. Paired: Yes
Common: No <SCRIPT LANGUAGE=”JavaScript”>
Sample: <!— . . . —>
</SCRIPT>
78 <SCRIPT>
Attribute Information <OPTION SELECTED VALUE=4>Personal

E
hygiene
<OPTION VALUE=5>Other
LANGUAGE=“…” </SELECT>
C
Indicates the type of script.

Standard: HTML 4, Internet Explorer
Common: Yes
N
ACCESSKEY=“…”
Sample:
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=”JavaScript”>
Indicates a keystroke sequence associated with
the selection list.
E
SRC=“URL”
Standard: HTML 4
Specifies the relative or absolute location of a Common: No
R
script to include in the document. Sample:
Standard: HTML 4, Internet Explorer <SELECT NAME=”size” ACCESSKEY=S>

E
Common: Yes
CLASS=“…”
Sample:
<SCRIPT type=”text/javascript”
F
SRC=”http://www.some.com/sc/script.js”> element.
</SCRIPT> Standard: HTML 4
E
TYPE=“…” Common: No
Sample:
Indicates the MIME type of the script. This is
<SELECT NAME=”color” CLASS=”casual”>
R
an alternative to the langUAGE tag for declaring

the type of scripting. DATAFLD=“…”
Standard: HTML 3.2 Indicates a column from previously identified
Common: Yes tabular data.
Sample:
S

<SCRIPT type=”text/javascript”> Common: No
document.write (“<EM>Great!<\/EM>”) Sample:
’
</SCRIPT>
<SELECT NAME=”color”
DATASRC=”#data_table” DATAFLD=”clr”>
<SELECT>
R
DISABLED
Specifies a selection list within a form. Use
the <OPTION> tags to specify items in the Denies access to the selection list.
E
selection list.
Standard: HTML 4
T
Common: Yes Sample:

Paired: Yes
<SELECT NAME=”color” DISABLED>
Sample:
S
What do you use our product for?<BR>

ID=“…”
<SELECT MULTIPLE NAME=”use”> Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
A
<OPTION VALUE=1>Pest control the <SELECT> tag. When you then assign a style
<OPTION VALUE=2>Automotive lubricant
<OPTION VALUE=3>Preparing pastries
instance of the <SELECT> tag.
M
<SELECT> 79 1
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 Standard: HTML 2

Sample: Sample:
<SELECT ID=“123” NAME=”salary”> <SELECT SIZE=3>
MULTIPLE STYLE=“…”
Indicates that a visitor can select more than Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
one selection list item at the same time. the contents within the <SELECT> tags.
Common: Yes Common: Yes
Sample: Sample:
<SELECT MULTIPLE> <SELECT STYLE=”background: red”
NAME=”color”>
NAME=“…”
TABINDEX=“n”
Gives a name to the value you are passing to
the form processor. This establishes a name- Indicates where in the tabbing order the selec-
value pair with which the form processor appli- tion list is placed.
cation can work. Standard: HTML 4
Common: Yes Sample:
Sample: <SELECT NAME=”salary TABINDEX=3>
What is your shoe size?
TITLE=“…”
<SELECT SIZE=4 NAME=”size”>
<OPTION>5 Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
<OPTION>6 use this attribute for context-sensitive help
<OPTION>7 within the document. Browsers may use this to
<OPTION>8
show tool tips over the selection list.
<OPTION>9
<OPTION>10 Standard: HTML 4
</SELECT> Common: No
Sample:
READONLY
<SELECT TITLE=”Select List”
Indicates that your visitor cannot modify val- NAME=”Car”>
ues within the selection list.
Other Attributes
Common: No This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onfocus,
Sample: onblur, onchange, onselect, onClick,
<SELECT NAME=”color” READONLY> onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
SIZE=“n” onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
Specifies the number of visible items in the
selection list. If there are more items in the selec-
tion list than are visible, a scrollbar provides
access to the other items.
80 <SMALL>
<SMALL> Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might use

E
this attribute for context-sensitive help within

Specifies text that should appear in a small font. the document. Browsers may use this to show
tool tips over the text inside the <SMALL> tags.
C
Standard: HTML 3.2

Sample:
N
Sample:
<P>Our lawyers said we need to include <SMALL TITLE=”Legalese”>Actually doing
some small print: any of this will subject you to
E
<P><SMALL>By reading this document, risk of criminal prosecution.</SMALL>

you are breaking the rules and will
be assessed a $2000 fine.</SMALL> Other Attributes
R
Attribute Information This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
E
CLASS=“…”
Indicates which style class applies to the See the Element-Independent Attributes section
F
<SMALL> element.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No <SPACER>
E
Sample:
A Netscape-specific tag that specifies a blank
<SMALL CLASS=”casual”>Void where
R
prohibited</SMALL>
space within the document. We recommend
using Style Sheets or other formatting tech-
ID=”…” niques unless you’re developing documents
exclusively for visitors using Netscape
Navigator.
the <SMALL> tag. When you then assign a style
S
to that ID selector, it affects only that one Standard: Netscape Navigator 4

instance of the <SMALL> tag. Common: No
Paired: No
’

Common: No
Sample: <SPACER TYPE=HORIZONTAL SIZE=150>
R
Doctors Prefer MediWidget 4 to 1

Most insects are <SMALL ID=“123”>
small</SMALL>. Attribute Information
E
STYLE=“…”
SIZE=“n”
T
the contents within the <SMALL> tags. Specifies the dimension of the spacer (in
pixels).
Standard: HTML 4
S
Common: Yes Standard: Netscape Navigator 3

Sample: Common: No
Sample:
A
<SMALL STYLE=”background: red”>

<SPACER TYPE=HORIZONTAL SIZE=50>
TITLE=“…” <IMG SRC=”rosebush.jpg”>
M
<SPAN> 81 1
TYPE={HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL} DATAFORMATAS={TEXT, HTML, NONE}

Indicates whether the spacer measures from Indicates the format of tabular data within the
left to right or from top to bottom. <SPAN> element.
Standard: Netscape Navigator 3 Standard: Internet Explorer 4
Sample: Sample:
<P>After you’ve done this, take <SPAN DATAFORMATAS=HTML
a moment to review your work. DATASRC=”#data_table”>
<SPACER TYPE=VERTICAL SIZE=400>
<P>Now, isn’t that better? DATASRC=“…”
Specifies the source of data for data binding.
<SPAN> Standard: Internet Explorer 4
Defines an inline section of a document Common: No
affected by Style Sheet attributes. Use <DIV> to Sample:
apply styles at the block element level. <SPAN DATASRC=”#data_table”>
Standard: HTML 4 ID=”…”
Common: No
Paired: Yes Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
Sample: the <SPAN> tag. When you then assign a style to
<SPAN STYLE=”background: red”>…</SPAN> that ID selector, it affects only that one
instance of the <SPAN> tag.
Common: No
CLASS=“…” Sample:
Indicates which style class applies to the <SPAN ID=“123”>
<SPAN> element.
STYLE=“…”
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
Sample: the contents within the <SPAN> tags.
<SPAN CLASS=”casual”> Standard: HTML 4

Common: No
DATAFLD=“…” Sample:
Selects a column from a previously identified <SPAN STYLE=”background: red”>
source of tabular data (see the DATASRC=
TITLE=“…”
attribute).
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
Common: No use this attribute for context-sensitive help
Sample: within the document. Browsers may use this to
show tool tips.
<SPAN DATASRC=”#data_table”>
<SPAN DATAFLD=”name”></SPAN> Standard: HTML 4
</SPAN> Common: No
Sample:
<SPAN TITLE=”Section”
STYLE=”background: red”>
82 <SPAN>
Other Attributes STYLE=“…”

E
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, the contents within the <STRIKE> tags.
C

Standard: HTML 4
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. Common: No
See the Element-Independent Attributes section Sample:
N

<STRIKE STYLE=”background: red”>
TITLE=“…”
<STRIKE>, <S>
E

Indicate a strikethrough text style.
R
Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated within the document. Browsers may use this to
in HTML 4 in favor of Style show tool tips over the text.
Sheets
Standard: HTML 4
E
Common: Yes
Sample: Sample:
F
My junior high biology teacher was He was <STRIKE TITLE=”omit”>Ambitious

<STRIKE>sorta</STRIKE> really smart. </STRIKE><B>Enthusiastic</B>.
E
Other Attributes
R

<STRIKE> element.
S
Common: No
Sample:
<STRIKE CLASS=”casual”>Truman</STRIKE> lost.
<STRONG>
’
Indicates strong emphasis. The browser will

ID=”…” probably display the text in a boldface font.
R
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of Standard: HTML 2

the <STRIKE> tag. When you then assign a style Common: Yes
E
Paired: Yes
instance of the <STRIKE> tag. Sample:
Standard: HTML 4 If you see a poisonous spider in the room
T
Common: No then <STRONG>Get out of there!</STRONG>

Sample:
S
Don <STRIKE ID=“123”>ain’t</STRIKE>

isn’t coming tonight.
CLASS=“…”
A

<STRONG> element.
M
<STYLE> 83 1
Standard: HTML 4 <STYLE>

Common: No
Sample: Contains Style Sheet definitions and appears in
Did you say my dog is the document head (see the <HEAD> tag). Place
<STRONG CLASS=”casual”>DEAD?!</STRONG> Style Sheet data within the comment tags
(<!––… ––>) to accommodate browsers that do
ID=”…” not support the <STYLE> tag.
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of Standard: HTML 3.2
the <STRONG> tag. When you then assign a style Common: No
to that ID selector, it affects only that one Paired: Yes
instance of the <STRONG> tag. Sample:
Standard: HTML 4 <HTML>
Common: No <HEAD>
Sample: <TITLE>Edible Socks: Good or Bad?</TITLE>
<STYLE TYPE=”text/css”>
Sure, you can win at gambling. But <!––
it’s more likely you will @import url(http://www.raycomm.com/mhtml/
<STRONG ID=“123”>lose</STRONG>. styles.css)
H1 { background: black; color: yellow }
STYLE=“…”
LI DD { background: silver; color:
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to black }
the contents within the <STRONG> tags. ––>
</STYLE>
Standard: HTML 4 </HEAD>
Common: No
<STRONG STYLE=”background: red”>
MEDIA=“…”
TITLE=“…”
Specifies the destination medium for style infor-
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might mation. It may be a single type or a comma-
use this attribute for context-sensitive help separated list. Media types include the following:
show tool tips over the emphasized text. Screen—for online viewing (default setting).
Print—for traditional printed material and
Standard: HTML 4 for documents on screen viewed in print
Common: No preview mode.
Sample: Projection—for projectors.
I mean it was <STRONG TITLE=”emphasis”> Braille—for Braille tactile feedback devices
HOT!</STRONG> Speech—for a speech synthesizer.
Other Attributes All—applies to all devices.
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Sample:
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. <HEAD>
See the Element-Independent Attributes section <TITLE>Washington DC Taverns</TITLE>
of this reference for definitions and examples. <STYLE TYPE=”text/css” MEDIA=”all”>
<!––
84 <STYLE>
@import url(Error! Bookmark not defined.

<SUB>
E
H1 { background: black; color: white}

LI DD { background: silver; color: Indicates subscript text.
darkgreen }
C
––> Standard: HTML 3.2

</STYLE> Common: Yes
</HEAD> Paired: Yes
Sample:
N
TITLE=“…”
<P>Chemists refer to water as
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might H<SUB>2</SUB>O.
E

within the document. Browsers may use this to Attribute Information
show tool tips.
R
CLASS=“…”
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Indicates which style class applies to the <SUB>
Sample: element.
E
<STYLE TITLE=”Stylesheet 1”TYPE=”text/css”> Standard: HTML 4

<!–– H1 { background: black; color: Common: No
F
yellow } Sample:
black } <SUB CLASS=”casual”>2</SUB>
E
––>
ID=”…”
</SCRIPT>
R
TYPE=“…”
the <SUB> tag. When you then assign a style to
Specifies the MIME type of the Style Sheet that ID selector, it affects only that one
specification standard used. instance of the <SUB> tag.
S
Sample: Sample:
. . . At the dentist I ask for lots of
’
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Washington DC Taverns</TITLE> NO<SUB ID=“123”>2</SUB>.
<STYLE TYPE=”text/css”>
R
<!–– STYLE=“…”
@import url(Error! Bookmark not defined. Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
H1 { background: black; color: white}
the contents within the <SUB> tags.
E

darkgreen } Standard: HTML 4
––> Common: No
T
</STYLE> Sample:
</HEAD>
<SUB STYLE=”background: red”>
S
Other Attributes
TITLE=“…”
A

examples.
show tool tips over the subscripted text.
M
<SUP> 85 1
Standard: HTML 4 ID=”…”

Common: No
the <PRE> tag. When you then assign a style to
Before he died, he uttered, “Groovy.” that ID selector, it affects only that one
<SUB TITLE=”Footnote”>2</SUB>
instance of the <SUP> tag.
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Common: No
Sample:
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, <STYLE>
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. <!––
See the Element-Independent Attributes section #123 {background: black;
of this reference for definitions and examples. color: yellow}
––>
</STYLE>
<SUP> . . . Pythagorean theorem says
z<SUP ID=“123”>2</SUP>=4+16.
Indicates superscript text.
STYLE=“…”
Standard: HTML 3.2
Paired: Yes the contents within the <SUP> tags.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
<P>Einstein’s most famous equation is Common: No
probably E=mc<SUP>2</SUP>. Sample:
<SUP STYLE=”background: red”>
TITLE=“…”
CLASS=“…”
Indicates which style class applies to the <SUP> use this attribute for context-sensitive help
element. within the document. Browsers may use this to
Standard: HTML 4 show tool tips over the superscripted text.
Sample: Common: No
<STYLE>
Sample:
<!–– x<SUP TITLE=”Exponent”>2</SUP>
SUP.casual {background: black;
color: yellow} Other Attributes
––>
</STYLE>
. . . onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
z<SUP CLASS=”casual”>2</SUP> = onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
x<SUP CLASS=”casual”>2</SUP> + onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
y<SUP CLASS=”casual”>2</SUP> See the Element-Independent Attributes section
86 <TABLE>
T
E
Specifies the background color within all table

cells in the table. You can substitute color
C
names for the hexadecimal RGB values.

<TABLE> Standard: Deprecated in HTML 4 in
Specifies a container for a table within your favor of Style Sheets
N
document. Inside these tags you can place Common: No

Sample:
<TR>, <TD>, <TH>, <CAPTION>, and other <TABLE>
tags. <TABLE BGCOLOR=”Peach”>
E
Standard: HTML 3.2 BORDER=“n”

Common: Yes
R
Paired: Yes Specifies the thickness (in pixels) of borders

Sample: around each table cell. Use a value of 0 to pro-
duce a table with no visible borders.
<TABLE BORDER=0> <TR>
E
<TD><IMG SRC=”Pine.jpg” Standard: HTML 3.2

BORDER=0 ALT=”Pine”></TD> Common: Yes
<TD VALIGN=MIDDLE><P>Pine trees Sample:
F
naturally grow at higher elevations.

They require less water and do not shed <TABLE BORDER=0>
E
leaves in the fall.</TD> </TR> BORDERCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...”

</TABLE>
Specifies the color of the borders of all the
R
table cells in the table. You can substitute color

names for the hexadecimal RGB values.
ALIGN={LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT}
Standard: Internet Explorer 3.0
Positions the table flush left, flush right, or in Common: No
the center of the window. Sample:
S
Standard: HTML 3.2 <TABLE BORDERCOLOR=#3F9A11>

Common: Yes BORDERCOLORDARK=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
’
Sample:
Specifies the darker color used to draw 3-D bor-
<TABLE ALIGN=CENTER>
R
ders around the table cells. You can substitute

BACKGROUND=“URL” color names for the hexadecimal RGB values.
Specifies the relative or absolute location of a Standard: Internet Explorer 4
E
graphic image file loaded as a background Common: No

image for the entire table. Sample:
T
Standard: Internet Explorer 3, Netscape <TABLE BORDERCOLORDARK=”silver”>

Navigator 4 BORDERCOLORLIGHT=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
Common: No
S
Sample: Specifies the lighter color used to draw 3-D bor-

<TABLE BACKGROUND=”paper.jpg”> ders around the table cells. You can substitute
A
color names for the hexadecimal RGB values.

M
<TABLE> 87 1
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 FRAME=VOID indicates no border lines.

Common: No
Sample: FRAME=BOX or FRAME=BORDER indicates border
lines around the entire table. This is the
<TABLE BORDERCOLORDARK=”white”> default.
CELLPADDING=“n” FRAME=ABOVE specifies a border line along the
Specifies the space (in pixels) between the top edge.
edges of table cells and their FRAME=BELOW draws a border line along the bot-
contents. tom edge.
Standard: HTML 3.2 FRAME=HSIDES draws border lines along the top
Common: Yes
and bottom edges.
Sample:
<TABLE CELLPADDING=5> FRAME=LHS indicates a border line along the
left side.
CELLSPACING=“n”
FRAME=RHS draws a border line along the right
Specifies the space (in pixels) between the bor- edge.
ders of table cells and the borders of adjacent
cells. FRAME=VSIDES draws border lines along the left
and right edges.
Standard: HTML 3.2
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<TABLE BORDER=2 CELLSPACING=5>
<TABLE BORDER=2 RULES=ALL FRAME=VSIDES>
CLASS=“…”
ID=“n”
<TABLE> element. Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
the <TABLE> tag. When you then assign a style
Standard: HTML 4 to that ID selector, it affects only that one
Common: No instance of the <TABLE> tag.
Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
<TABLE CLASS=”casual” BORDER=2> Common: No
COLS=“n” Sample:
<TABLE ID=“123”>
Specifies the number of columns in the table.
Standard: HTML 4 RULES={NONE, ROWS, COLS, GROUPS,
Common: No ALL}
Sample: Specifies where rule lines appear inside the
<TABLE BORDER=2 COLS=5> table. For the RULES= attribute to work, set the
BORDER= attribute.
FRAME={VOID, BORDER, ABOVE, BELOW,
HSIDES, LHS, RHS, VSIDES, BOX} RULES=NONE indicates no rule lines.
Specifies the external border lines around the RULES=ROWS indicates rule lines between rows.
table. For the FRAME= attribute to work, set the
RULES=COLS draws rule lines between columns.
BORDER= attribute with a non-zero value.
88 <TABLE>
RULES=ALL draws all possible rule lines.

<TBODY>
E
RULES=GROUPS specifies rule lines between the

Defines the table body within a table. This tag
groups defined by the <TFOOT>, <THEAD>, must follow the <TFOOT> tag.
C
<TBODY>, and <COLGROUP> tags.

Standard: HTML 4
N
Sample: Sample:
<TABLE BORDER=2 RULES=BASIC> <TABLE>
E
<THEAD>…
STYLE=“…” </THEAD>
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to <TFOOT>…
R
the contents of cells in the table. </TFOOT>

<TBODY>…
Standard: HTML 4 </TBODY>
Common: No
E
Sample:
<TABLE STYLE=”background: red”>
F
TITLE=“…” ALIGN=“{LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER,

JUSTIFY, CHAR}”
E

use this attribute for context-sensitive help Specifies how text within the table footer will
within the document. Browsers may use this to line up with the edges of the table cells, or if
R
show tool tips over the table. ALIGN=CHAR, on a specific character (the deci-
mal point).
Standard: HTML 4
Sample: Common: Yes
Sample:
S
<TABLE TITLE=”Table”>
<TR>
WIDTH=“n” <THEAD>
’
Specifies the width of the table. You can set <TH><B>Television</B></TH>

this value to an absolute number of pixels or to <TH>
R
<IMG SRC=”tv.gif” ALT=”TV” BORDER=”0”>

a percentage amount so that the table is pro-
</TH>
portionally as wide as the available space. </THEAD>
</TR>
E
Standard: HTML 3.2

Common: Yes
Sample:
CHAR=“…”
T
<TABLE ALIGN=CENTER WIDTH=”60%”> Specifies the character on which cell contents

will align, if ALIGN=”CHAR”. If you omit CHAR=,
Other Attributes the default value is the decimal point in the
S
specified language.
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, Standard: HTML 4
A
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, Common: No

onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. Sample:
See the Element-Independent Attributes section <THEAD ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,”>
M

<TD> 89 1
CHAROFF=“n” VALIGN={TOP, BOTTOM, MIDDLE, BASE-

LINE}
left at which the alignment character appears. Specifies the vertical alignment of the contents
of the table body.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Standard: Internet Explorer 4
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<THEAD ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,” CHAROFF=”7”>
<TBODY VALIGN=MIDDLE>
CLASS=“…”
Other Attributes
<TBODY> element. This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
Standard: HTML 4
<TBODY CLASS=”casual”> of this reference for definitions and examples.
ID=“n”
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of <TD>
the <TBODY> tag. When you then assign a style
Contains a table cell. These tags go inside the
<TR> tags.
instance of the <TBODY> tag.
Standard: HTML 3.2
Sample: Sample:
<TBODY ID=“123”> <TR>
STYLE=“…” <TD>Bob Jones</TD>
<TD>555-1212</TD>
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to <TD>Democrat</TD>
the contents between the <TBODY>tags. </TR>
Standard: HTML 4 Attribute Information
Common: No
Sample:
AXIS=“…”
<TBODY STYLE=”background: red”>
Specifies an abbreviated cell name.
TITLE=“…”
Standard: HTML 4
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might Common: No
use this attribute for context-sensitive help Sample:
within the document. Browsers may use this to <TD AXIS=”TV”><B>Television</B></TD>
show tool tips over the table body.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Sample:
<TBODY TITLE=”Table Body”>
90 <TD>
AXES=“…” CLASS=“…”
E
Lists AXIS values that pertain to the cell. Indicates which style class applies to the
<TD> element.
Standard: HTML 4
C

Sample: Common: No
Sample:
N
<TD AXES=”TV,
Programs”><B>Television</B></TD> <TD CLASS=”casual”>Jobs Produced</TD>
ALIGN={LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER, JUSTIFY, COLSPAN=“n”
E
CHAR}
Specifies that a table cell occupy one column
Specifies how text within the table header will more than the default of one. This is useful
R
line up with the edges of the table cells, or if when you have a category name that applies to
ALIGN=CHAR, on a specific character (the deci- more than one column of data.
mal point).
Standard: HTML 3.2
E

Common: Yes Sample:
Sample:
F
<TR><TD COLSPAN=2>Students</TD></TR>
<TR> <TR><TD>Bob Smith</TDH>
<TD><B>Television</B></TD> <TD>John Doe</TD>
E
<TD> </TR>
<IMG SRC=”tv.gif” ALT=”TV” BORDER=0>
</TD> BACKGROUND=“URL”
R
</TR> Specifies the relative or absolute location of a

CHAR=“…” graphic image file for the browser to load as a
background graphic for the table cell.
Specifies the character on which cell contents
will align, if ALIGN=”CHAR”. If you omit CHAR=, Standard: Internet Explorer, Netscape
S
the default value is the decimal point in the Navigator

Common: No
specified language.
Sample:
’
Standard: HTML 4
<TD BACKGROUND=”waves.gif”>
Common: No
R
Sample: BGCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...”

<TD ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,”> Specifies the background color inside a table
E
CHAROFF=“n” cell. You can substitute the hexadecimal RGB

values for the appropriate color names.
Standard: Deprecated in HTML 4 in
T

favor of Style Sheets
Common: No Sample:
S
Sample:
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=”Pink”>Course Number</TD>
<TD ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,” CHAROFF=”7”> <TD BGCOLOR=”Blue”>Time taught</TD></TR>
A
M
<TD> 91 1
BORDERCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...” NOWRAP

Indicates the color of the border of the table Disables the default word-wrapping within a
cell. You can specify the color with hexadeci- table cell, thus maximizing the amount of the
mal RGB values or by the color name. cell’s horizontal space.
Standard: Internet Explorer 2 Standard: Deprecated in HTML 4 in
Common: No favor of Style Sheets
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<TR><TD BORDERCOLOR=”Blue”>
<TD NOWRAP>The contents of
BORDERCOLORDARK=“#RRGGBB” or “...” this cell will not wrap at all</TD>
Indicates the darker color used to form 3-D ROWSPAN=“n”
borders around the table cell. You can specify
the color with its hexadecimal RGB values or Specifies that a table cell occupy more rows than
with its color name. the default of 1. This is useful when several rows
of information are related to one category.
Sample: Common: Yes
Sample:
<TD BORDERCOLORLIGHT=#FFFFFF
BORDERCOLORDARK=#88AA2C> <TR><TD VALIGN=MIDDLE ALIGN=RIGHT
ROWSPAN=3>Pie Entries</TD>
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=“#RRGGBB” or “...” <TD>Banana Cream</TD>
<TD>Mrs. Robinson</TD></TR>
Indicates the lighter color used to form 3-D
<TR><TD>Strawberry Cheesecake</TD>
borders around the table cell. You can specify <TD>Mrs. Barton</TD></TR>
the color with its hexadecimal RGB values or <TR><TD>German Chocolate</TD>
with its color name. <TD>Mrs. Larson</TD></TR>
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 STYLE=“…”
Common: No
the contents of the table cell.
<TD BORDERCOLORLIGHT=#FFFFFF
BORDERCOLORDARK=#88AA2C> Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
ID=“n” Sample:
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of <TD STYLE=”background: red”>
the <TD> tag. When you then assign a style to
that ID selector, it affects only that one TITLE=“…”
instance of the <TD> tag. Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
Standard: HTML 4 use this attribute for context-sensitive help
Common: No within the document. Browsers may use this to
Sample: show tool tips over the table header.
<TD ID=“123”> Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Sample:
<TD TITLE=”Table Cell Heading”>
92 <TD>
VALIGN={TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM, Attribute Information

E
BASELINE}
Aligns the contents of a cell with the top, bot- ACCESSKEY=“…”
C
tom, baseline, or middle of the cell. Assigns a keystroke sequence to the <TEXTAREA>
Standard: HTML 3.2 element.
Common: Yes
N
Standard: HTML 4
Sample: Common: No
<TD VALIGN=TOP><IMG SRC=”images/bud.gif Sample:
BORDER=0></TD>
E
<TEXTAREA COLS=40 ROWS=10 NAME=”Story”

WIDTH=“n” ACCESSKEY=S>
CLASS=“…”
R
Specifies the horizontal dimension of the cell

in pixels or as a percentage of the table width. Indicates which style class applies to the
Standard: HTML 3.2; not listed <TEXTAREA> element.
E
in HTML 4 Standard: HTML 4

Common: Yes Common: No
Sample:
F
Sample:
<TD WIDTH=200 ALIGN=LEFT><H2>African <TEXTAREA CLASS=”casual”>
Species</H2></TD>
E
COLS=“n”
Other Attributes
Indicates the width (in character widths) of the
R

text input field.
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, Standard: HTML 2
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. Common: Yes
S
<TEXTAREA NAME=”desc” COLS=50

ROWS=3></TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA> DATAFLD=“…”
’
Defines a multiple-line text input field within Selects a column from a previously identified
R
a form. Place the <TEXTAREA> tags inside the source of tabular data (see the DATASRC=
<FORM> tags. To specify a default value in a attribute).
<TEXTAREA> field, place the text between Standard: Internet Explorer 4
E
the <TEXTAREA> tags. Common: No

T
Common: Yes <TEXTAREA DATASRC=”#data_table”

Paired: Yes DATAFLD=”name” NAME=”st1”>
Sample:
S
DATASRC=“…”
Enter any comments here:
<TEXTAREA NAME=”comments” COLS=40 Specifies the source of data for data binding.
A
ROWS=5>
No Comments.
</TEXTAREA>
M
<TEXTAREA> 93 1
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 ROWS=“n”

Common: No
Sample: Indicates the height (in lines of text) of the
text input field.
<TEXTAREA DATASRC=”#data_table”
DATAFLD=”name” NAME=”st1”> Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
DISABLED Sample:
Denies access to the text input field. <TEXTAREA NAME=”desc” COLS=50
ROWS=3></TEXTAREA>
Standard: HTML 4
Sample:
<TEXTAREA ROWS=10 COLS=10 the <TEXTAREA> tag.
NAME=”Comments” DISABLED>
Standard: HTML 4
ID=“n” Common: No
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of Sample:
the <TEXTAREA> tag. When you then assign a <TEXTAREA STYLE=”background: red”>
instance of the <TEXTAREA> tag. TABINDEX=n
Standard: HTML 4 Indicates where <TEXTAREA> appears in the tab-

Common: No bing order.
<TEXTAREA ID=“123”> Common: No
Sample:
NAME=“…”
<TEXTAREA ROWS=5 COLS=40 NAME=”story”
Names the value you pass to the form proces- TABINDEX=2>
sor. For example, if you collect personal feed-
TITLE=“…”
back, assign the NAME= attribute something like
“comments”. This establishes a name-value pair Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might use
with which the form processor can work. this attribute for context-sensitive help within
Standard: HTML 2 the document. Browsers may use this to show
Common: Yes tool tips over the text entry input method.
<TEXTAREA COLS=30 ROWS=10 Common: No
NAME=”recipe”></TEXTAREA> Sample:
<TEXTAREA COLS=10 ROWS=2 NAME=”tt”
READONLY
TITLE=”Text Entry Box”>
Specifies that the visitor cannot change the
Other Attributes
contents of the text input field.
Standard: HTML 4 This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onfocus,
Common: No onblur, onchange, onselect, onClick,
<TEXTAREA ROWS=10 COLS=10 onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.
NAME=”Notes” READONLY>
94 <TFOOT>
<TFOOT> CHAROFF=“n”
E
Defines a table footer within a table. It must Specifies the number of characters from the
precede the <TBODY> tag. left at which the alignment character appears.
C

Paired: Yes Sample:
N
Sample: <THEAD ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,” CHAROFF=”7”>

<TFOOT> CLASS=“…”
E
<TR>
<TD>Totals</TD><TD>$100.25</TD></TR> Indicates which style class applies to the
</TFOOT> <TFOOT> element.
R
</TABLE>
Standard: HTML 4
Attribute Information Common: No
Sample:
E
ALIGN={LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER, <TFOOT CLASS=”casual”>

JUSTIFY, CHAR}
ID=“n”
F
Specifies how text within the table footer will

line up with the edges of the table cells, or if
E
the <TFOOT> tag. When you then assign a style

ALIGN=CHAR, on a specific character (the deci-
mal point).
instance of the <TFOOT> tag.
R
Standard: HTML 4
Sample: Common: No
Sample:
<TR>
<THEAD> <TFOOT ID=“123”>
S
<TH><B>Television</B></TH> STYLE=“…”
<TH>
<IMG SRC=”tv.gif” ALT=”TV” BORDER=0> Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
’
</TH> the contents between the <TFOOT> tags.

</THEAD>
Standard: HTML 4
R
</TR>
Common: No
CHAR=“…” Sample:
E
Specifies the character on which cell contents <TFOOT STYLE=”background: red”>

will align, if ALIGN=”CHAR”. If you omit CHAR=,
TITLE=“…”
the default value is the decimal point in the
T
specified language. Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might use
Standard: HTML 4
S
Common: No
Sample: tool tips over the table footer.
<THEAD ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,”> Standard: HTML 4

A
Common: No
Sample:
<TFOOT TITLE=”Table Footer”>
M
<TH> 95 1
VALIGN={TOP, BOTTOM, MIDDLE, AXES=“…”

BASELINE}
Lists AXIS values that pertain to the cell.
Aligns the contents of the table footer with the
Standard: HTML 4
top, bottom, or middle of the footer container. Common: No
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 Sample:
Common: No <TH AXES=”TV,
Sample: Programs”><B>Television</B></TH>
<TFOOT ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP>
ALIGN={LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER,
Other Attributes JUSTIFY, CHAR}
This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick, Specifies how text within the table header will
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, line up with the edges of the table cells, or if
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, ALIGN=CHAR, on a specific character (the deci-
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. mal point).
See the Element-Independent Attributes section Standard: HTML 4
of this reference for definitions and examples. Common: Yes
Sample:
<TH> <TR>
<TH><B>Television</B></TH>
Contains table cell headings. The <TH> tags are <TH>
identical to the <TD> tags except that text <IMG SRC=”tv.gif” ALT=”TV” BORDER=0>
inside <TH> is usually emphasized with bold- </TH>
face font and centered within the cell. </TR>
Standard: HTML 3.2 CHAR=“…”
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes, optional Specifies the character on which cell contents
Sample: align, if ALIGN=”CHAR”. If you omit CHAR=, the
default value is the decimal point in the speci-
<TABLE> fied language.
<TH>Name</TH><TH>Phone No</TH>
<TD>John Doe</TD><TD>555-1212</TD> Standard: HTML 4
<TD>Bob Smith</TD><TD>555-2121</TD> Common: No
</TABLE> Sample:
Attribute Information <TH ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,”>
CHAROFF=“n”
AXIS=“…”
Specifies an abbreviated cell name. left at which the alignment character appears.
Sample: Sample:
<TH AXIS=”TV”><B>Television</B></TH> <TH ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,” CHAROFF=”7”>
96 <TH>
BACKGROUND=“URL” BORDERCOLORLIGHT=“#RRGGBB” or “...”

E
Specifies the relative or absolute location of a Indicates the lighter color used to form 3-D
graphic image file for the browser to load as borders around the table cell. You can specify
C
a background graphic for the table cell. the color with its hexadecimal RGB values or
with its color name.
Standard: Internet Explorer, Netscape
Navigator Standard: Internet Explorer 4
N
Sample: Sample:
<TH BACKGROUND=”waves.gif”> <TH BORDERCOLORLIGHT=#FFFFFF
E
BORDERCOLORDARK=#88AA2C>
CLASS=“…”
R
Specifies the background color inside a table

cell. You can substitute the hexadecimal RGB Indicates which style class applies to the <TH>
values for the appropriate color names. element.
E
Standard: Deprecated in HTML 4 in Standard: HTML 4

favor of Style Sheets Common: No
Common: No Sample:
F
Sample:
<TH CLASS=”casual”>Jobs Produced</TH>
<TR><TH BGCOLOR=”Pink”>Course Number</TH>
E
<TH BGCOLOR=”Blue”>Time taught</TH></TR> COLSPAN=“n”
BORDERCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...” Specifies that a table cell occupy more columns

R
than the default of one. This is useful if a cate-

Indicates the color of the border of the table gory name applies to more than one column of
cell. You can specify the color with hexadeci- data.
mal RGB values or by the color name.
Standard: HTML 3.2
Standard: Internet Explorer 2 Common: Yes
S
Common: No Sample:
Sample:
<TR><TH COLSPAN=2>Students</TH></TR>
’
<TR><TH BORDERCOLOR=”Blue”> <TR><TD>Bob Smith</TDH>

<TD>John Doe</TD>
BORDERCOLORDARK=“#RRGGBB” or “...” </TR>
R
Indicates the darker color used to form 3-D ID=“n”

borders around the table cell. You can specify
E
the color with its hexadecimal RGB values or Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
with its color name. the <TH> tag. When you then assign a style to
T
of the <TH> tag.

Common: No
S
<TH BORDERCOLORLIGHT=#FFFFFF Common: No

BORDERCOLORDARK=#88AA2C> Sample:
A
<TH ID=“123”>
M
<THEAD> 97 1
NOWRAP <TH TITLE=”Table Cell Heading”>
Disables default word-wrapping within a table VALIGN={TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM,

cell, maximizing the the cell’s horizontal BASELINE}
space.
Aligns the contents of a cell with the top, bot-
Standard: Deprecated in HTML 4 in tom, baseline, or middle of the cell.
favor of Style Sheets.
Sample: Common: Yes
Sample:
<TH NOWRAP>The contents of
this cell will not wrap at all</TH> <TH VALIGN=TOP><IMG SRC=”images/bud.gif
BORDER=0></TH>
ROWSPAN=“n”
WIDTH=“n”
Specifies that a table cell occupy more rows
Specifies the horizontal dimension of the cell
than the default of 1. This is useful if several
in pixels or as a percentage of the table width.
rows of information relate to one category.
Standard: HTML 3.2; not listed
Standard: HTML 3.2
in HTML 4
Common: Yes
Common: Yes
Sample:
Sample:
<TR><TH VALIGN=MIDDLE ALIGN=RIGHT
<TH WIDTH=200 ALIGN=LEFT><H2>African
ROWSPAN=3>Pie Entries</TH>
Species</H2></TH>
<TD>Banana Cream</TD>
<TD>Mrs. Robinson</TD></TR> Other Attributes
<TR><TD>Strawberry Cheesecake</TD>
<TD>Mrs. Barton</TD></TR> This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
<TR><TD>German Chocolate</TD> onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
<TD>Mrs. Larson</TD></TR> onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
STYLE=“…”
Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to of this reference for definitions and examples.
the contents of the table cell.
Standard:
Common:
HTML 4
No
<THEAD>
Sample: Defines a table header section. At least one
table row must go within <THEAD>.
<TH STYLE=”background: red”>
Standard: HTML 4
TITLE=“…” Common: No
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might Paired: Yes
use this attribute for context-sensitive help Sample:
within the document. Browsers may use this to <TABLE RULES=ROWS>
show tool tips over the table header. <THEAD>
<TR><TD>Column 1
Standard: HTML 4 <TD>Column 2
Common: No </THEAD>
Sample:
98 <THEAD>
Attribute Information ID=“n”

E

ALIGN={LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER, the <THEAD> tag. When you then assign a style
JUSTIFY, CHAR}
C

Specifies how text within the table header will instance of the <THEAD> tag.
line up with the edges of the table cells, or if Standard: HTML 4
N
ALIGN=CHAR, on a specific character (the deci- Common: No

mal point). Sample:
Standard: HTML 4 <THEAD ID=“123”>
E
Common: Yes
Sample: STYLE=“…”
R
<TR> Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to

<THEAD> the contents between the <THEAD> tags.
<TH><B>Television</B></TH>
Standard: HTML 4
E
<TH>
Common: No
<IMG SRC=”tv.gif” ALT=”TV” BORDER=0>
Sample:
</TH>
F
</THEAD> <THEAD STYLE=”background: red”>

</TR>
TITLE=“…”
E
CHAR=“…”
Specifies the character on which cell contents use this attribute for context-sensitive help
R
align, if ALIGN=”CHAR”. If you omit CHAR=, the within the document. Browsers may use this to
default value is the decimal point in the speci- show tool tips over the table head.
fied language.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No Sample:
S
Sample:
<THEAD TITLE=”Table Heading”>
<THEAD ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,”>
VALIGN={TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM, BASE-
’
CHAROFF=“n” LINE}
R
Specifies the number of characters from the Aligns the contents of the table header with
left at which the alignment character appears. respect to the top and bottom edges of the
Standard: HTML 4 header container.
E

Sample: Common: No
T
<THEAD ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,” CHAROFF=”7”> Sample:
CLASS=“…” <THEAD ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP>

S
Indicates which style class applies to the Other Attributes

<THEAD> element. This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
A
Standard: HTML 4 onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,

M

<THEAD CLASS=”casual”>
<TR> 99 1
<TITLE> Attribute Information

Gives the document an official title. The ALIGN={LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER,
<TITLE> tags appear inside the document JUSTIFY, CHAR}
header inside the <HEAD> tags.
Specifies how text within the table row will
Standard: HTML 2
line up with the edges of the table cells, or if
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes ALIGN=CHAR, on a specific character (the deci-
Sample: mal point).
<HTML> Standard: HTML 4

<HEAD> Common: Yes
<TITLE>How To Build A Go-Cart</TITLE> Sample:
</HEAD> <TR ALIGN=CENTER >
<TD><B>Television</B></TD>
Attribute Information <TD>
This tag also accepts the lang and dir attrib- <IMG SRC=”tv.gif” ALT=”TV” BORDER=0>
</TD>
</TR>
examples. BGCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
Specifies the background color of table cells in
<TR> the row. You can substitute the color names
for the hexadecimal RGB values.
Contains a row of cells in a table. You must
place the <TR> tags inside the <TABLE> con- Standard: Deprecated in HTML 4 in
tainer, which can contain <TH> and <TD> tags. favor of Style Sheets.
Common: No
Standard: HTML 3.2 Sample:
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes, optional <TR BGCOLOR=”Yellow”>
Sample: <TD><IMG SRC=”Bob.jpg” ALT=”Bob”
BORDER=0></TD>
<TABLE> <TD ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=MIDDLE>Bob
<TR><TH COLSPAN=3>Test Scores</TH></TR> Smith sitting at his desk on a July
<TR> afternoon.</TD>
<TD>Bob Smith</TD> </TR>
<TD>78</TD>
<TD>85</TD> BORDERCOLOR=“#RRGGBB” or “...”
</TR> Specifies the color of cell borders within the
<TR>
row. Currently, only Internet Explorer accepts
<TD>John Doe</TD>
<TD>87</TD> this attribute. You can substitute color names
<TD>85</TD> for the hexadecimal RGB values.
</TR> Standard: Internet Explorer 2
</TABLE> Common: No
Sample:
<TR BORDERCOLOR=”#3F2A55”>
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT
VALIGN=MIDDLE>Computers</TD>
<TD><IMG SRC=”Computers.jpg”></TD>
</TR>
100 <TR>
BORDERCOLORDARK=“#RRGGBB” or “...” Standard: HTML 4

E
Common: No
Indicates the darker color for the 3-D borders Sample:
around the table row. You can specify the color
<TR CLASS=”casual”>
C
with its hexadecimal RGB values or with its

<TD>Uranium</TD>
color name.
<TD>Plutonium</TD>
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 <TD>Radon</TD>
N
Common: No </TR>
Sample:
ID=“n”
<TR BORDERCOLORLIGHT=”silver”
E
BORDERCOLORDARK=”black”> Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of

the <TR> tag. When you then assign a style to
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=“#RRGGBB” or “...” that ID selector, it affects only that one instance
R
Indicates the lighter color for 3-D borders of the <TR> tag.
around the table row. You can specify the color Standard: HTML 4
E
with its hexadecimal RGB values or with its Common: No

color name. Sample:
F
Standard: Internet Explorer 4 <TR ID=“123”>

Common: No
Sample: NOWRAP
E
<TR BORDERCOLORLIGHT=”silver” Indicates that text within table cells in the row
BORDERCOLORDARK=”black”> not wrap. This may cause the table to expand
beyond the horizontal dimensions of the cur-
R
CHAR=“…” rent document.

Specifies the character on which cell contents Standard: Internet Explorer 3; depre-
align, if ALIGN=”CHAR”. If you omit CHAR=, the cated in HTML 4 in favor
default value is the decimal point in the speci- of Style Sheets
S
fied language. Common: No

Sample:
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No <TR NOWRAP>
’
Sample: <TD>In this table cell I’m going to

type a lot of stuff.</TD>
R
<TR ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,”> <TD>In this table cell I’m going to

CHAROFF=“n” continue to type a lot of stuff.</TD>
</TR>
E

STYLE=“…”
T
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No all cells in the table row.
S
<TR ALIGN=”CHAR” CHAR=”,” CHAROFF=”7”> Common: No

Sample:
CLASS=“…”
A
<TR STYLE=”background: red”>

Indicates which style class applies to the <TR>
element.
M
<TT> 101 1
TITLE=“…” Attribute Information

use this attribute for context-sensitive help CLASS=“…”
within the document. Browsers may use this to Indicates which style class applies to the <TT>
show tool tips. element.
Sample: Sample:
<TR TITLE=”Table Row”> I sat down and began to type.
VALIGN={TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM, <P><TT CLASS=”casual”>It was a dark
and stormy night.</TT>
BASELINE}
ID=“n”
Specifies the vertical alignment of the contents
of all cells within the row. Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of
Standard: HTML 3.2 the <TT> tag. When you then assign a style to
Common: Yes that ID selector, it affects only that one
Sample: instance of the <TT> tag.
<TR VALIGN=TOP> Standard: HTML 4

<TD ALIGN=CENTER>John Smith</TD> Common: No
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>Bob Doe</TD> Sample:
</TR> <TT ID=“123”>
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, the contents within the <TT> tags.
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. Standard: HTML 4
See the Element-Independent Attributes section Common: No
of this reference for definitions and examples. Sample:
<TT STYLE=”background: red”>
<TT> TITLE=“…”
Displays text in a monospace font. Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might use
Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
Paired: Yes tool tips over the text within the <TT> tags.
After I typed in help, the words Common: No
<TT>help: not found</TT> appeared Sample:
on my screen. Now, type <TT TITLE=”User Typing”>
MAIL</TT> and hit the <KBD>ENTER</KBD> key.
102 <TT>

E
Sample:
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, <U ID=“123”>
C
onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, STYLE=“…”

See the Element-Independent Attributes section Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to
N
of this reference for definitions and examples. the contents within the <U> tags.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
U
E
Sample:
<U STYLE=”background: red”>
R
TITLE=“…”
<U> Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
E
Underlines text in a document. Use this tag use this attribute for context-sensitive help
with moderation since underlined text can within the document. Browsers may use this to
confuse visitors accustomed to seeing hyper- show tool tips over the underlined text.
F
links as underlined text.

Standard: HTML 4
Standard: HTML 2; deprecated in HTML 4 Common: No
E
in favor of Style Sheets Sample:

Common: Yes
Read the book <U TITLE=”BookTitle”>
Paired: Yes
R
Walden</U> and you’ll be enlightened.

Sample:
After waterskiing, I was Other Attributes
<U>really</U> tired. This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,
S

CLASS=“…” See the Element-Independent Attributes section
’
Indicates which style class applies to the <U> of this reference for definitions and examples.
element.
R
Standard: HTML 4 <UL>

Common: No
Sample: Contains a bulleted (unordered) list. You can
E
then use the <LI> (List Item) tag to add bul-

Have you seen <U CLASS=”casual”>True
leted items to the list.
Lies</U> yet?
T
Standard: HTML 2
ID=“n” Common: Yes
Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of Paired: Yes
S
Sample:
the <U> tag. When you then assign a style to
that ID selector, it affects only that one instance Before you can begin, you need:<UL>
A
of the <U> tag. <LI>Circular saw

<LI>Drill with phillips bit
Standard: HTML 4 <LI>Wood screws
</UL>
M
<UL> 103 1
Attribute Information list. Style Sheets provide a browser-independent

method that is equivalent to this attribute.
CLASS=“…” Standard: Internet Explorer 4
Common: No
Indicates which style class applies to the <UL> Sample:
element.
<UL SRC=”blueball.gif”>
Standard: HTML 4
Sample:
<UL CLASS=”casual”> the contents of the unordered list.
<LI>Hexagon</LI>
<LI>Pentagon</LI> Standard: HTML 4
<LI>Octogon</LI> Common: No
</UL> Sample:
COMPACT <UL STYLE=”background: red”>
Indicates that the unordered list appears in a TITLE=“…”

compact format. This attribute may not affect Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might
the appearance of the list as most browsers do use this attribute for context-sensitive help
not present lists in more than one format. within the document. Browsers may use this to
Standard: HTML 2; deprecated show tool tips over the unordered list.
in HTML 4 Standard: HTML 4
Sample: Sample:
<UL COMPACT>
<UL TITLE=”Food List”>
<LI>Flour
<LI>Spaghetti
<LI>Sugar
<LI>Pizza
<LI>Wheat
<LI>Fettuccini Alfredo
<LI>Raisins
</UL>
</UL>
TYPE={SQUARE, CIRCLE, DISC}
ID=“n”
Specifies the bullet type for each unordered list
item. If you omit the TYPE= attribute, the
the <UL> tag. When you then assign a style to
browser chooses a default type.
of the <UL> tag. Standard: HTML 2
Common: Yes
Common: No
Sample: <UL TYPE=DISC>
<LI>Spaghetti
<UL ID=“123”> <UL TYPE=SQUARE>
SRC=“URL” <LI>Noodles
<LI>Sauce
Specifies the relative or absolute location of an <LI>Cheese
image file to use for the bullets in the unordered </UL>
</UL>
104 <UL>

E
onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp, the contents within the <VAR> tags.
C

Standard: HTML 4
onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes. Common: No
N

<VAR STYLE=”background: red”>
TITLE=“…”
V
E
Specifies text assigned to the tag. You might use

R

<VAR> tool tips over the text within the <VAR> tags.
Standard: HTML 4
E
Indicates a placeholder variable in document

Common: No
text. This is useful when describing commands
Sample:
for which the visitor must supply a parameter.
F
Use a H<VAR TITLE=”Heading Level

Standard: HTML 2 Number”>n</VAR> tag.
Common: Yes
E
Paired: Yes Other Attributes

Sample:
R
To copy a file in DOS type <SAMP>COPY onDblClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,

<VAR>file1</VAR> <VAR>file2</VAR></SAMP> onMouseOver, onMouseMove, onMouseOut,
and press the ENTER key.
S
CLASS=“…”
Indicates which style class applies to the <VAR>
W
’
element.
Standard: HTML 4
R
Common: No
Sample: <WBR>
E
I, <VAR CLASS=”casual”>your name</VAR>, Forces a word break. This is useful in combina-

solemnly swear to tell the truth. tion with the <NOBR> tag to permit line-
breaks where they could otherwise not occur.
ID=“n”
T

Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of Common: No
the <VAR> tag. When you then assign a style to Paired: No
S
that ID selector, it affects only that one instance Sample:

of the <VAR> tag.
<NOBR>
A
Standard: HTML 4 This line would go on forever, except

Common: No that I have this neat tag called WBR
Sample: that does <WBR>this!</NOBR>
M
<VAR ID=“123”>
<XMP> 105 1
X
for more information about language codes.
Standard: HTML 4
Common: No
Sample:
<XMP> <P>The following quote is in German.
<Q LANG=”DE”>Guten Tag!</Q></P>
Includes preformatted text within a document.
Unlike the <PRE> tag, the browser does not dir=“{LTR, RTL}”
interpret HTML tags within the <XMP> tags.
Specifies the direction (left to right or right
HTML 3.2 declared this tag obsolete; so use
to left) for the text used within the section.
<PRE> instead.
This attribute is used most often within docu-
Standard: Obsolete ments to override site-wide language direction
Common: No specifications.
Paired: Yes
Common: No
The output from these reports is Sample:
shown below.
<XMP> <P>The following quote is in Hebrew,
Company Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 therefore written right to left, not left
—————- ——- ——- ——- ——- to right. <Q LANG=”IW” DIR=”RTL”>Hebrew
Widget Inc 4.5m 4.6m 6.2m 4.5m text goes here and is presented right to
Acme Widget 5.9m 10.2m 7.3m 6.6m left, not left to right. </Q></P>
West Widget 2.2m 1.3m 3.1m 6.1m
</XMP> Event Handlers
Each of the following event handlers helps link
Element-Independent visitor actions to scripts. See the JavaScript ref-
Attributes and Event erence for a fuller explanation of their use, and
see Chapter 11 for JavaScript instructions.
Handlers
Many HTML elements accept the attributes onLoad=“…”
and event handlers described in this section.
Occurs when the browser finishes loading a
See the cross-references from individual ele-
window or all frames within a <FRAMESET>.
ments for specific support information.
This handler works with <BODY> and
<FRAMESET> elements.
Attributes
onUnload=“…”
lang=“…” Occurs when the browser removes a document
Specifies the language used within the section. from a window or frame. This handler works
This attribute is used most often within docu- with <BODY> and <FRAMESET> elements.
ments to override site-wide language specifica-
tions. Use standard codes for languages, such as onClick=“…”
DE for German, FR for French, IT for Italian, and Occurs when a visitor clicks the mouse over
IW for Hebrew. See ISO Specification 639 at an element. This handler works with most
www.sil.org/sgml/iso639a.html elements.
106 <XMP>
onDblClick=“…” This handler works with <LABEL>, <INPUT>,

E
<SELECT>, <TEXTAREA>, and <BUTTON>.

Occurs when a visitor double-clicks the mouse
over an element. This handler works with most
onKeyPress=“…”
C
elements.
Occurs when a visitor presses and releases a key
onMouseDown=“…” over an element. This handler works with most
N
elements.
Occurs when a visitor presses the mouse but-
ton over an element. This handler works with
onKeyDown=“…”
most elements.
E
Occurs when a visitor presses a key over an ele-

onMouseUp=“…” ment. This handler works with most elements.
R
Occurs when a visitor releases the mouse but-

onKeyUp=“…”
ton over an element. This handler works with
most elements. Occurs when a visitor releases a key over
E
an element. This handler works with most

onMouseOver=“…” elements.
F
Occurs when a visitor moves the mouse over

onSubmit=“…”
an element. This handler works with most
E
elements. Occurs when a visitor submits a form. This

handler works only with <FORM>.
onMouseMove=“…”
R
onReset=“…”
Occurs when a visitor moves the mouse while
still over an element. This handler works with Occurs when a visitor resets a form. This han-
most elements. dler works only with <FORM>.
S
onMouseOut=“…” onSelect=“…”
Occurs when a visitor moves the mouse away Occurs when a visitor selects text in a text
’
from an element. This handler works with field. This handler works with the <INPUT> and
most elements. <TEXTAREA> elements.
R
onFocus=“…” onChange=“…”
Occurs when a visitor moves the focus to an Occurs when a visitor modifies a field and
E
element either with the mouse or the tab key. moves the input focus to a different control.
This handler works with <LABEL>, <INPUT>, This handler works with <INPUT>, <SELECT>,
T
<SELECT>, <TEXTAREA>, and <BUTTON>. and <TEXTAREA>.
onBlur=“…”
S
Occurs when a visitor moves focus from an ele-

ment either with the mouse or the tab key.
A
M

(eBook-PDF) Master's Reference To HTML 4

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

(eBook-PDF) Master's Reference To HTML 4

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

PART 1: HTML TAGS AND ATTRIBUTES

his section is a comprehensive reference

dard tags and those introduced by Net-

code and indicated the following:

• Whether browsers widely support the tag

• The version of HTML with which the attribute is associated

Internet Explorer 4 would do so.

Specifying that a tag or an attribute is Common means that approximately 75 to

Standard: HTML 4 ID=“…”

that ID selector, it affects only that one

Specifies character encoding of the data desig- Common: No

this attribute, appropriate for all Western lan-

Standard: HTML 4 Marks a location within the current document

ment. You can link to existing named locations

CLASS=“…” within that document), or by using a more

name (from other documents or sites).

COORDS=“x1, y1, x2, y2”

able area. Measure coordinates, in pixels, from Standard: HTML 3.2

<A SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30” REV=“…”

HREF=“URL” Standard: HTML 3.2

file to which you want to provide a hyperlink. Sample:

Standard: HTML 2 <A REV=”Previous”

Standard: HTML 4 <A HREF=”page2.html”

Assigns a unique ID selector to an instance of In a document, distinguishes an address from

style to that ID selector, it affects only that one

<ADDRESS>123 Nowhere Ave<BR>City, State

Specifies Style Sheet commands that apply to

Standard: HTML 4 Indicates how the address text is aligned

address text flush with the left side of the doc-

extra-sensory perception.</P> ALIGN=CENTER centers the address text between

Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated in

Common: No Indicates the style class to apply to the

<P><ACRONYM TITLE=”HyperText Transfer Standard: HTML 4

Other Attributes <ADDRESS CLASS=”casual”>

This tag also accepts the lang, dir, onClick,

onKeyPress, onKeyDown, and onKeyUp attributes.

instance of the <ADDRESS> tag.

Standard: HTML 4 Common: Yes

applet within the document.

the old way today.

Standard: Internet Explorer

Sample: <APPLET SRC=”/checkers.class”

Specifies the height (measured in pixels) of the <APPLET CODE=”/checkers.class”

Standard: HTML 3.2 inline Java applets, I win this game

<APPLET HEIGHT=”200” CODE=”checkers.class”> TITLE=”…”

today. </APPLET> use this attribute for context-sensitive help

show tool tips over the embedded applet.

Standard: HTML 4 <AREA>

Standard: HTML 3.2 <AREA ALT=”This blue rectangle links to

HREF=“URL” the shape of the image map area is rectangular.

SHAPE=CIRCLE specifies that the shape of the

area is selected. gon represented by three or more points.

<AREA> tag. Standard: HTML 4

<AREA SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30”

Common: Yes same frame or in a different frame, specified

<AREA SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30” Standard: HTML 4

<AREA SHAPE=”RECT” COORDS=”20,8,46,30”

TITLE=“…” selector, it affects only that one instance of the

Standard: HTML 4 I work for <B ID=“123”>Widgets Inc.</B>

B within the document. Browsers may use this to

Attribute Information Standard: HTML 3.2; deprecated

Indicates the relative or absolute location of Sample: