Sustainable Energy

Introduction Atul Bhargav

atul.bhargav@iitgn.ac.in +91 814 030 7813

Lecture outline
Course policy
Sustainable energy outline Textbook Grading Student groups Understanding Energy Energy production and consumption Sustainable Energy: the engine of Sustainable Development Confronting the energy-prosperity-environmental dilemma

Introduction to Sustainable Energy

We need analytical tools to evaluate sustainable energy solutions

Sustainable Energy

Analytical tools & knowledge Basic thermodynamics Estimation & evaluation Environmental effects Economic evaluation System sustainability metrics Evaluate

Technologies/ projects Fossil fuels & energy Nuclear power Renewables

Textbook complements lectures

Textbook is mandatory
Sustainable Energy, Choosing among options, Tester et al, ~Rs. 600 Collaborative effort of 5 MIT professors Printed in 2006 Outdated! Library can help in procurement and negotiation Data in textbook is US-centric
Lectures attempt to Indianize these data and drive messages

Office hours
Tuesday 6-7 PM Please send me an email if you would like to meet me outside office hours

Grading is designed to drive participative self-learning

Total 100%

Homework 25%

Mid-sem 20%

Project 45%

Class Participation 10%

Campus design 30%

Literature review 15%

Low attendance

or

Academic dishonesty

Lecture outline
Course policy
Sustainable energy outline Textbook Grading Student groups Understanding Energy Energy production and consumption Sustainable Energy: the engine of Sustainable Development Confronting the energy-prosperity-environmental dilemma

Introduction to Sustainable Energy

The Sun and Nuclear Fission are the root sources of all energy on Earth

Both of which are Renewable and inherently Carbon-neutral sources!

Solar thermal & heat, biomass, wind, hydro are renewable energy sources
Renewable Sources

But are they Carbon-neutral? Are they sustainable?

Fossil fuels, and nuclear fission & fusion are non-renewable energy sources

But are they Carbon-neutral? Are they sustainable?

Non-renewable Sources

Developed & developing countries dominate primary energy consumption

USA Rest

EU Brazil India Russia Japan China

China & India will drive energy consumption in the 21st century
2500

US

Total energy consumption, TOE

2000

EU
1500

China
1000

Russia

500

Japan Brazil

India

0 1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

CO2 intensive sources dominate primary energy consumption

Hydro Nuclear Renewables Coal

Natural Gas

Oil

Breakup of primary energy sources and consumption in the United States

Electricity sources and consumption in the US

We add about a billion people every 15 years

Most population growth is in India and other non-OECD immature energy markets energy demand will increase in a highly non-linear fashion in the future

India has a disproportionately large dependence on CO2 intensive sources

Nuclear Natural Gas Hydro Other renewables Combustible renewables & waste

Oil

Coal

Indias oil and natural gas imports are economically unsustainable

2000 X 1000 bl/day X 100 $/bl X 45 Rs/$ = 900 crore Rs/day

Indias oil imports are from unstable or unfriendly countries

Other

Saudi Arabia

Venezuela Iran Angola

Nigeria Kuwait UAE Iraq

Sustainability metrics are useful to study country behavior and outlook

The new axis of evil
20

Australia US

per capita tonnes CO2 emissions

Canada
15

Norway
10

Have the financial resources to protect environment, but may lack political will to reduce CO2 emissions Have the financial and political will to reduce CO2 emissions Have sustainable, secure energy supplies and continue to be centers of innovation in clean energy Face the energyprosperity-environment dilemma

Japan Zimbabwe China France

Germany UK Sweden

India
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

per capita GDP (PPP, US$)

Thousands

Energy-prosperity-environmental dilemma confronts India & China

Energy

Environmental and Economic Degradation

Economic and Environmental Progress

Prior befoulment

Current damage

Future harm

Extension of economic opportunity

Environmental cleanup, restoration and protection

Preservation of economic well-being