SQL Basics Part II SQL Basics Part II

Jonathan Miller Jonathan Miller Learning SQL Series Learning SQL Series

Items Items To To be be Covered Covered

Review Review of of SQL SQL Basics Basics I I

Join Join Types Types

Inner Inner & & Outer Outer Joins Joins SelfSelf-JoinsJoins

Working Working With With Multiple Multiple Queries Queries UNION, UNION, INTERSECT, INTERSECT, MINUS MINUS
Subqueries Subqueries & & Correlated Correlated Subqueries Subqueries EXISTS EXISTS & & NOT NOT EXISTS EXISTS

Functions Functions
GroupGroup

StringString

DateDate

Number Number

Participants Participants Questions

Questions & & Answers Answers (hopefully! ) (hopefully!)

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Review Review of of SQL SQL Basics Basics I I

Structure Structure of of a a SQL SQL Statement Statement SELECT

SELECT column(s) column(s FROM FROM table(stable(s) WHEREWHERE condition(s) condition(s ORDER ORDER BY BY column(s) column(s Optional Optional Elements Elements
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Cartesian Cartesian / / Simple Simple Join Join SELECT mo_id, poc, parameter_desc FROM monitors, parameters
PARAMETERS Parameter_Code Parameter_Desc 44201 Ozone 42101 CO 42401 SO2 81102 PM10
MONITORS

MO_ID SI_SI_ID PA_PARAMETER_CODE POC

1 1 44201 1 2 1 42101 1 3 1 42101 2 4 2 81102 1 5 2 44201 1 6 3 42401 1

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Primary Primary & & Foreign Foreign Keys Keys

Primary Primary Key Key (s) (s)


Columns Columns on on a a Table Table that that Uniquely Uniquely Identify Identify a a Record Record on on the the Table Table Can Can be be composed composed of of 1 1 or or more more columns columns

Foreign Foreign Key Key (s) (s)

Column Column on on a a table table that that references references the the Primary Primary Key Key of of another another Table Table Can Can be be composed composed

of of one one or or more more columns columns

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Inner Inner Join Join Between Between 2 2 Tables Tables SELECT mo_id, poc, parameter_desc FROM monitors, parameters WHERE pa_parameter_code = parameter_code
PARAMETERS Parameter_Code Parameter_Desc 44201 Ozone 42101 CO 42401 SO2

81102 PM10
MONITORS MO_ID SI_SI_ID PA_PARAMETER_CODE POC

1 1 44201 1 2 1 42101 1 3 1 42101 2 4 2 81102 1 5 2 44201 1 6 3 42401 6 1

Joining Joining Tables Tables Together Together

Joins Joins Between Between

Tables Tables are are Usually Usually Based Based on on Primary Primary / / Foreign Foreign Keys Keys Make Make Sure Sure Joins Joins Between Between All All Tables Tables in in the the FROM FROM Clause Clause Exist Exist List List Joins Joins Between Between Tables Tables Before Before Other Other Selection Selection Elements Elements
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Aliases Aliases

Shorthand Shorthand for for Table Table or or Column Column References References

SELECT SELECT Aliases Aliases Appear Appear as as Column Column Headers Headers in in the the Output Output Aliases Aliases Cannot Cannot be be Keywords Keywords (SELECT, (SELECT, FROM, FROM, WHERE, WHERE, etc) etc)
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Join Join Types Types and and Putting Putting Multiple Multiple SQL SQL Select Select Statements Statements Together

Together SITES
MONITORS QUALIFIER_ DETAILS RAW_DATA MONITOR_ PROTOCOLS
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Join Join Types Types

Simple Simple Join: Join:
No No links links made made between between multiple multiple tables tables

RESULT: RESULT: Cartesian Cartesian Product Product

Inner Inner Join Join

TABLE1.Foreign TABLE1.Foreign Key Key = = TABLE2.Primary TABLE2.Primary Key Key RESULT: tablestables RESULT: 1 1 record record for for each each match match between between the the 2 2

Outer Outer Join Join

TABLE1.Foreign TABLE1.Foreign Key Key = = TABLE2.Primary TABLE2.Primary Key(+) Key(+) RESULT: tables exists RESULT: tables exists in in AND AND TABLE1 TABLE1 1 1 1 1 record record record record for for for for each each each each match

match where where between between the the record record the the only only 2 2
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