2007 Kedah Physics Paper 2 3 The diagram below shows the face and interface temperature of a composite slab

Section A consisting of four materials: P, Q, R and S of different thickness through which the
[40 marks] heat transfer is steady.

1 The diagram below shows a pulley system consisting of two pulleys of weight 10
N each. The system is doing work to lift a load of 100 N upwards for 10 m at constant
speed.

List the materials from the lowest thermal conductivity to the highest thermal
conductivity. Explain clearly how you arrive at your answer.
[4 marks]

4 The Earth has an outer layer (thin compared to its radius) which has thermal
conductivity of about 2.0 W m–1 K–1. On the average, the temperature on the surface of
the Earth increases by about 30 °C for every kilometre below it.
Estimate the rate of heat loss through the surface of the Earth.
Calculate (Radius of Earth is 6.0 x 106 rn)
(a) the total work done by the pulley system. [5 marks]
[2 marks]
(b) the magnitude of the force F, 5 The diagram shows a spring with spring constant
[2 marks] k hanging on a ceiling. The other end of the spring is
(c) the efficiency of the system. hung a rectangular coil ABCD of n turns. Length of
[1 mark] side CD is l. Magnetic field intensity B is acting into
the bottom region of the coil.
2 y = 4 sin 3t cos 4x is an equation of a standing wave. If l is the flow of current in the coil, in terms of
Find n, I, B, l and k, determine the difference in the
(a) the amplitude of a point P at x = 1.5 m, distance moved by the coil when the direction of the
[1 mark] current is reversed.
(b) distance between two successive nodes, [5 marks]
[3 marks]
(c) frequency of oscillation of each particle in the wave.
[2 marks]
6 A milliammeter has a resistance of 40 Ω and a full-scale deflection of 20 mA. Section B
What is the value of resistance R that has to be connected in series with the [60 marks]
milliammeter so that it can measure a maximum voltage of 5.0 V?
[5 marks] 9 (a) Explain what is meant by angular velocity ω and angular momentum L of a
particle which is rotating about a point 0.
7 The figure below shows diagrammatically the various energy levels in the [2 marks]
hydrogen atom. (b) If the mass of the particle in (a) is m and the radius of rotation of the particle
L2
is r, show that the kinetic energy can be expressed as .
2mr 2
[4 marks]
(c) (i) Write down an expression for the gravitational attractive force F on an
object in a gravitational field of a planet.
[2 marks]
(ii) Write down an expression for the gravitational field strength g which acts
on the object at this distance.
[1 mark]
(d) The figure below shows a 1 kg object placed on the surface of the earth. The
sphere X is a concentric sphere of the Earth with radius 4000 km and density 2800 kg
m–3.

(a) What is the wavelength of a photon that will ionize a hydrogen atom in the
ground state and give the ejected electron a kinetic energy of 3.4 eV?
[3 marks]
(b) A neutron with a kinetic energy of 3.4 eV collides with a stationary hydrogen
atom in its ground state. Explain why the collision must be elastic.
[2 marks]
If the radius of Earth is 6400 km, calculate
8 (a) What is meant by the binding energy of a nucleus? (i) the gravitational attractive force on the kg object by sphere X
[1 mark] [2 marks]
16
(b) The binding energy per nucleon of 8 O is 7.98 MeV. What is the mass of the (ii) the gravitational field strength of sphere X on the 1 kg object
nucleus in atomic mass unit ? [2 marks]
[4 marks] (iii) the difference in gravitational field strength of sphere X on the 1 kg
object to the gravitational field strength of the Earth.
[2 marks]
10 (a) Define stress, strain and Young’s Modulus. 11 (a) The diagram below shows a 50-tum, 10 cm long solenoid with a 10-turn inner
[3 marks] coil lying along its axis. The inner coil, which has a cross-sectional area of 1.0 cm and
(b) The graph below shows variation of force with extension for a wire A. The a resistance of 0.010 Ω, is connected to a galvanometer. The solenoid, which has a
wire obeys Hooke’s law over the range of extensions considered. total resistance of 1.0 Ω is connected to a battery that steadily decreases in voltage
from 12 V to 0 V in 0.50 s. then remains at 0 V for t > 0.50 s.

(i) As the voltage of the solenoid begins

to decrease, determine the direction of current (left
to right or right to left) that flows through the
galvanometer. Explain your answer.
[2 marks]
(ii) Find the maximum and minimum
magnetic flux density along the axis of the
solenoid. [3 marks]
(iii) Draw a graph to show the current in
the inner coil as a function of time for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1.0 s.
Include a numerical scale on the vertical axis.
[4 marks]

(b) The graph below shows the variation of voltage, V against time, t for an
electric source.
(i) If the wire has a diameter of 0.40 mm and its unstretched length is 2.0 m,
calculate the Young's modulus of the steel. [3 marks]
(ii) A second wire B is made of the same steel. It has the same unstretched
length as A, but twice the diameter. Draw accurately on a copy of the above figure the
force-extension graph for this wire. Label your graph B. [3 marks]

(c) As shown in the graph below, if a stress-strain curve is plotted for the loading
and unloading of a piece of rubber, the two parts do not coincide, where OABC is for
stretching and CDEO for contracting. Determine the
(i) What does the area (i) frequency,
enclosed by OABC and the strain axis (ii) root-mean-square value of the voltage
represent? [2 marks] for the source. [2 marks]
(ii) What does the area The source is connected to a 20 mH pure inductor. Find the
enclosed by CDEO and the strain axis (iii) reactance pf the circuit,
represent? [2 marks] [1 mark]
(iii) The shaded area is called a (iv) root-mean-square value of the current flowing through the circuit.
hysteresis loop. What does the [1 mark]
hysteresis loop represent? [2 marks] (v) Draw graphs on the same axis to show the phase relationship between the
current, I and voltage, V through the inductor.
[2 marks]
12 (a) What Is the focal length of a mirror? [1 mark] 14 (a) (i) Energy is released from nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Explain what is
meant by nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
(b) An object is placed 6.0 cm in front of a concave mirror that has a 10.0 cm [2 marks]
focal length. (ii) State two differences, from the energy viewpoint, between nuclear fission
(i) Determine the location of the image and draw a ray diagram to illustrate and nuclear fusion.
your answer. [5 marks] [2 marks]
(ii) The object is 1.2 cm high. Find the height of the image and state the
characteristics of the image formed. [4 marks] (b) Sketch a graph showing how the binding energy per nucleon varies with
nucleon number and show how both nuclear fission and nuclear fusion can be
(c) Rear-view mirrors in newer cars often have a warning label that reads explained from the shape of this graph.
‘OBJECTS IN MIRROR ARE CLOSER THAN THEY APPEAR'. What type of rear- [5 marks]
view mirrors are they? Explain your answer. [3 marks]
(c) A fusion reaction is represented by the equation below.
(d) Suppose you would like to start a fire in the wilderness. Which type of mirror
1 H + 1 H → 2 He + 0 n
2 3 4 1

would work best? Explain your answer. [2 marks]

2
13 (a) From the characteristics of radiation emission, differentiate between wave Mass of deuterium 1 H = 2.014102 u
3
theory and quantum theory for radiation. [2 marks] Mass of tritium 1 H = 3.016049 u
4
(b) The Einstein photoelectric effect equation is given as follows:
Mass of helium 2 He = 4.002603 u
1
1 2 Mass of neutron 0 n = 1.008665 u
hf = mv + W
2
1 2 (i) Calculate the energy, in MeV. released from this fusion reaction.
(i) State the meaning of the terms hf , mv and W in the formula above. [4 marks]
2 (ii) Calculate the energy released from fusion of 10.0 g of the hydrogen nuclei
[3 marks] involved.
(ii) With the aid of an equation involving the term W, state the condition for [2 marks]
the frequency of radiation so that photoelectric emission can occur. [1 mark]
(iii) Explain why photoelectrons released have different velocities even
though incident radiation of fixed frequency is used. [1 mark]

(c) In a photoelectric effect experiment, the stopping potentials corresponding to

incident radiation of wavelengths 300 nm and 400 nm are 1.8 V and 0.8 V
respectively.
(i) Explain what is meant by stopping potential, and hence, calculate the
maximum velocity of the electrons emitted by an incident radiation of wavelength 300
nm. [3 marks]
(ii) Estimate the value for Planck’s constant from the given information
above. [3 marks]
(iii) Sketch a graph of potential difference against frequency and subsequently
show the way to determine the Planck constant. [2 marks]