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CIRCULAR MEASURES
Name
........................................................................................
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
2
CHAPTER 8 : CIRCULAR MEASURES
8.1 Radian
(a) Unit for angle
(i) Degree and minute [ 1
o
= 60]
(ii) Radian
(b) Radian - 1 radian ( 1 Rad.) is angle that subtended at the center of a circle by an equal in
length to the radius of the circle.
Angle of a whole turn =
Radius
circle a of nce Circumfere
=
r
r 2t
= rad 2t
(c) The relation between degree and radian.
8.1.1 Converting measurements in radians to degrees and vice versa.
Angle AOB = 1 rad
t rad = 180
o
1 rad =
t
o
180
1
o
= rad
180
t
t
o
180
o
180
t
Radian Degrees
1 rad =
t
o
180
= __________
1
o
= rad
180
t
= _________
A
B
O
r
r
r
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
3
Exercise 1:
1. Convert each of the following angles in degrees to radians (in terms of t )
(a) Example:
30
o
=
30
180 6
t
t
(b) 45
o
=
4
t
(
(
(c) 60
o
=
3
t
(
(
(d) 75
o
=
5
12
t
(
(
(e) 90
o
=
2
t
(
(
(f) 270
o
=
3
2
t
(
(
2. Convert each of the following angles in degrees to radians
(a) Example:
15
o
=
15
3.142 0.2618
180
(b) 25
o
=
[0.4364]
(c) 75
o
12 =
[1.3123]
(d) 65
o
15=
[1.1390]
(e) 150
o
=
[2.6183]
(f) 115
o
=
[2.0074]
(g) 26
o
=
[0.4538]
(h) 8.5
o
=
[0.1484]
(i) 325
o
=
[5.6731]
(j) 95
o
20 =
[1.6641]
(k) 65
o
32=
[1.1440]
(l) 315
o
=
[0.5570]
3. Convert each of the following angles to degrees.
(a) Example:
rad
6
t
= 180 30
6
t
=
(b) rad
3
2
t =
[120]
(c) rad
4
3
t =
[135]
(d) rad
4
7
t =
[315]
(e) rad
6
7
t =
[210]
(f) rad
4
2
t =
[90]
(g) 0.6 rad =
[34.37]
(h) 4.32 rad =
[247.59]
(i) 5.12 rad =
[293.32]
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
4
8.2 Arc Length of a Circle
arc length, u r s = , u = radian
Exercise 1:
1. In the following circle, calculate length of arc, s.
B
A
0.9 rad
5cm
O
2. Calculate the length of arc S which subtends an angle of 20
o
at the center of a circle of radius
5 cm. (Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.)
[1.75cm]
3. Calculate the length of the major arc PQ of the circle below. Give the answer correct to 3
decimal places.
[41.894cm]
S
O 20
O
5 cm
O
8 cm
60
o
P Q 8 cm
A
B
O
r
u
5(0.9)
4.5
s r
cm
u =
=
=
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
5
4. Find the length of the minor arc, S which subtends an angle of 65
o
36 at the center of a circle
of radius 6 cm.
[6.871cm]
5. The radius of its circle is 4.2 cm and the angle that subtends of the minor arc is 1.4rad. Find
the length of the major arc AB.
[20.513cm]
6. The length of the minor arc of the circle which radius 12 cm is 20.4 cm. Calculate the angle
that subtends at the center.(Give the answer in degrees and minutes)
[9723]
S
6 cm
O
65
o
36
B
A
O 1.4 rad
20.4 cm
12 cm
O
u
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
6
Exercise 2:
1. Given that the length of arc, S of the circle is 6 cm. Find its radius.
[11.458cm]
2. Calculate the radius of the circle below if the length of arc AB is 14 cm.
[5cm]
3. Given that the length of major arc PQ is 31.5 cm. Find the angle,u below.
[102.2]
4. Given that the length of the minor arc of the circle which subtends an angle 45
o
at the center is
15 cm. Find its radius. Give the answer correct to 1 decimal place.
[19.1cm]
S
r
r
O
30
o
45
o
15 cm
O
O
A
B
2.8 rad
31.5 cm
7 cm
P
Q
u
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
7
8.2.1 Finding the perimeter of segment of a circle.
1 Find the perimeter of the shaded segment in each of the following diagram.
Example
5cm
2.1rad
B
O
A
O
x
M B A
7cm
51.56
(a)
7cm
1.8rad
B
O
A
O
B
A
(b)
10cm
2.2rad
B
O
A
O
B
A
(c)
5cm
115
B
O
A
O
B
A
5(2.1) 10.5
sin 60.15
5
5sin 60.15 4.3367
2 2(4.3367) 8.6734
8.6734 10.5
23.566
s r cm
x
x cm
AB x cm
Perimeter
cm
u = = =
=
= =
= = =
= +
=
[23.566cm]
[39.82cm]
[18.434cm]
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
8
8.3 Area of Sector of A Circle
8.3.1 Determining area of a sector, radius and angle subtended at the center of a circle.
Note :
1 PQR is a minor arc and PSR is a major arc.
2 The shaded part is a sector minor and the left part is a sector major.
Exercise 1 :
1 Calculate the area of the shaded sector of each of the following diagram.
Example:
O
4cm
1.2 rad
(a)
B
A
O
6cm
2.2 rad
[39.6cm
2
]
(b)
4.8rad
10cm
O
[240cm
2
]
(c)
1.5trad
9cm O
[190.88cm
2
]
(d)
B
A
O
6cm
135
[42.426cm
2
]
(e)
200
10cm
O
\
[174.55cm
2
]
u
2
2
1
r A =
A = Area of a sector
r = radius
u = angle in radian
P
R
O
r
r
u
Q
2
2
2
1
2
1
(4) (1.2)
2
9.6
A r
cm
u =
=
=
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
9
Exercise 2 :
1. Solve each of the following problems:
Example:
(a)
[5cm]
(b)
[11.31cm]
(c)
[2.967rad]
(d)
[4.375rad]
(e)
[1.75rad]
_ B
_ A
r O
A
B
O
A
B
O
_ B
_ A
O
u
A
B
O
u
B
O
Given the area and
the angle of the
shaded region OAB
is 100cm
2
and
3.5 rad respectively.
Find r.
Given the area and
the angle of the
shaded region
OAB is 25cm
2
and
2 rad respectively.
Find OA.
Given the area and
the angle of the
shaded region
OAB is 160cm
2
and 2.5 rad
respectively.
Find OB.
Given the area of
the shaded region
OAB is 72.7cm
2
and OA=7cm.
Find the angle u .
Given the area of
the shaded region
is 140cm
2
and
OB = 8 cm.
Find the angle u .
Given the area of
the shaded region
is 31.5 cm
2
and
OA = 6cm .
Find the angle u .
A
2
2
1
(3.5) 100
2
100(2)
57.1429
3.5
57.1429 7.56
r
r
r cm
=
= =
= =
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
10
8.3.2 Area of a segment
Area of segment =Area of AOB Area of triangle AOB
= u u sin
2
1
2
1
2 2
r r
=
Exercise 1:
1 Calculate the area of the segment of each of the following.
Example:
B
A
6cm
45 O
(a)
B
A
4cm
t
3
rad
O
[1.448cm
2
]
(b)
B
A
8cm
t
2
rad
O
[18.272cm
2
]
(c)
B
A
10cm
2.4rad
O
[86.21cm
2
]
(d)
B A
9cm
80
O
[16.65cm
2
]
(e)
B
A
8cm
130
O
[48.09cm
2
]
Area of segment = ) sin (
2
1
2
u u r
A
r
2
2
45
45 0.7855
180
1
(6) (0.7855 sin 45 )
2
1.411
Area of segment
cm
t
=
=
Circular Measures
zefry@sas.edu.my
11
Past Year Questions:
1 SPM 2003(P1)
Diagram shows a sector ROS with center O.
The length of the arc RS is 7.24 cm and the perimeter of the sector ROS is 25 cm. Find the
value of u , in rad. [ 3 marks ]
2 SPM 2004 (P1)
Diagram shows a circle with center O.
Given that the length of the major arc AB is 45.51 cm, find the length, in cm, of the
radius.(Use t = 3.142 ) [ 3 marks ]
3 SPM 2005 (P1)
Diagram shows a circle with center O.
The length of the minor arc AB is 16 cm and the angle of the major sector AOB is 290
o
.
Using t = 3.142 , find
(a) the value of u , in radians
(Give your answer correct to four significant figures)
(b) the length, in cm, of the radius of the circle. [ 3 marks ]
R
S
S
O
R
u
A
B
O
0.354 rad
A
B
O
u
rad 8153 . 0 = u
(a) 1.222 rad
(b) r = 13.09 cm
r= 7.675 cm