Final mark = Mark x 90% + Ex.

(10%) 102 SMJK YU HUA, KAJANG MARKING SCHEME MIDYEAR EXAM 2011 (BIOLOGY FORM 4) Section A 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. B Marks 1m/each (Max3m) 1 1

Section B No. 1 Explanation (a) Enzymes are proteins Produced by living cells Which can speed up of chemical reactions In the organisms (b) Starch + Water (c) (d) Amylase Position of amylase Maltose Substrate + product

When the temperature increases, the enzyme becomes active It moves faster / has more kinetic energy 1m/each There are more collisions between enzyme and (Maxsubstrate molecules 4m) Producing more end products / Rate of enzyme activity higher. After 5 minutes, the enzymes at 60oC have denatured. No hydrolysis of starch. No end products are formed. 37oC is the optimum temperature of the enzymes. The enzyme is very active / is not denatured. More products are produced. 1m/each (Max3m)

(e) - Most enzymes are effective in only a narrow ph range / optimum pH. - If below or above the optimum pH value, the bonds in the enzymes are broken / the charge will change. -The enzymes are denatured and the rate of enzymes activities are decreased. -Initially, an increase in substrate concentration increases the chance of enzyme-substrate collision. 1

Any 2

-Eventually, all active sites are filled at any one time and the rate remains constant.

Total 14 No. 2 Explanation (a)(i) Testis / ovary (ii) I III II IV (b)(i) P: Centromere Q: Chiasmata / chiasma /chromatid/ chromosome (ii) Crossing over (iii) -Exchange of DNA segment between the homologous chromosomes takes place. -This results in daughter cells with different combinations of genes / genetic material. (c) Marks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(all cells must contain 2 different size of chromosomes) 4m 4 diagrams (at least 2 cells have DNA exchange) 3m 3 diagrams (at least 1 cell with DNA exchange) 2m 2 diagrams 1m 1 diagram (d) -Spindle fibre will not be formed -Chromosomes will not be arranged at metaphase plate. -No separation of homologous chromosomes / sister chromatids. Section C No. 1 (a)(i) Explanation Nutrition - It shows holozoic nutrition - It feeds on bacteria / small green algae - Pseudopodia are formed to surround and trap the food by forming a food vacuole // phagocytosis - Food vacuole fuses with lysosome. - The complex food is digested by enzymes. - The digested food is absorbed by cytoplasm. 2 Marks 1m/each (Max4m) 1m/each (Max2m)

Total 12

(i i) Reproduction - Reproduction is asexual. - When condition is suitable, Amoeba reproduces by binary fission. - Nucleus divides into two nuclei - And followed by division of cytoplasm to form 2 daughter cells. - When condition is unfavourable, spores are formed. (iii) Sensitivity - The whole body of the organism responds. - By moving away from the acid. - Pseudopodia is formed - Cytoplasm flows into pseudopodia. (b)(i) Homeostasis - the process to maintain / regulate - the chemical and physical factors in the internal environment - so that they always meet the requirement of the cells // the conditions are always suitable to meet the needs of the cells (ii) Regulation of - blood glucose level - body temperature - osmotic pressure or any suitable answer (iii) -Enable organism to live in different environmental condition. -To allow the enzymatic reactions can be carried out. (c) It is a small organism. Has a large TSA/V ratio Exchange of substances can take place by simple diffusion There is only a short distance for the oxygen to diffuse into the body of Amoeba / carbon dioxide to diffuse out from the Amoeba. Total

1m/each (Max4m)

1m/each (Max2m)

1 1 1

Any 2

1 1 1m/each (Max3m)

20

No. 2 (a) (i)

Explanation

Marks

Shape of red blood cell 1 Direction of arrows 1 (ii) Shape of red blood cell 1 Direction of arrows 1 (iii) -When the red blood cell is placed in distilled water, water molecules enter the cell by osmosis - The cell swell / expand and burst - because distilled water is hypotonic solution -The red blood cell is said to be haemolysed. -When the red blood cell is placed in 1.5% sodium chloride, water molecules diffuse out. -The cell shrink -because the sodium solution is hypertonic. -The red blood cell is crenated. (b)(i) Turgid (ii) Cell wall

1m/each (Max6m)

1 Nucleus Vacuole

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm Diagram 5-4 label 3-2 label

1 2 1 3 1 1

(iii) Plasmolysed (iv) The cell is considered healthy when it is turgid. Reasons: - Turgid plant cells provide mechanical support for plant - Especially non-woody plant 4

Any 3

When the cells of plant are turgid, the leaves of the plant are held up to absorb more sunlight. When the guard cells of the leaves are turgid, the stomata are opened to allow transpiration / gas exchange. Total 20

Section D (1) (a)(i) (ii) [KB0603- measuring using numbers] Score 3 Criteria Able to record the correct time in Figure 2 Able to record the correct times in Table 1 Correct answers: (a)(i) 14 / 15 (ii) 9 / 10 5/6 7/8 Able to state any 3 correctly Able to state any 2 correctly Not able to respond or wrong response.

2 1 0

1 (b) (i) [KB0601 - Observation] Score 3 Criteria Able to state the correct observations based on the following criteria: K1: Temperature of water bath K2: Time taken for the dark blue solution to change to brown Sample answer: 1. The time taken for the dark blue iodine solution to turn brown is 14 / 15 minutes when temperature of water bath is 15C. 2. The time taken for the dark blue solution to turn brown is 5 / 6 minutes when temperature of water bath is 35C. Able to state any two observations correctly with all 3 criteria below Able to state any one observation correctly with or Able to state any two incomplete observations.

[ any two criteria from above] 1 0 Able to state any one idea of observation Not able to respond or wrong response

(b) (ii) [KB0602- Making Inference] Score 3 Criteria Able to state one reasonable inference for each observation - Hydroyisis of starch slow / fast // Enzyme active / anactive / denature - The temperature high / low / optimum Sample answer: Inference 1: Starch is hydrolysed slowly by the enzymes in the saliva when the temperature is low. Inference 2: Starch is hydrolysed very quickly by the enzymes in the Saliva when in the optimum temperature. Able to state any one inference correctly with or Able to state any two incomplete inferences Able to state any one idea of inference Not able to respond or wrong response

1 0

(c) [KB0610 controlling variable] Score 3 Criteria Able to state all the three variables and three ways of handling the variables correctly. [ 6 items] Variable Manipulated variable ; Temperature Ways of handling the variables How to alter the manipulated variable -Use different temperatures of water bath - Use the temperature 15C, 25C, 35C and 45C How to determine responding variable Record the time by using stopwatch / calculate rate of enzyme reaction using formula : 1/time

Responding variable : Time taken / the rate of reaction

Fixed variable : pH of medium/ concentration/ volume of enzyme/starch 2 1 0

How to maintain the fix variable Fix the pH of medium/ use 1ml of saliva/ use 5ml of starch suspension for all experiment.

Able to state any 4 5 correctly Able to state any 2 3 correctly Able to give only one response / not able to respond or wrong response

(d) [KB0611 Making hypothesis] Score 3 Criteria Able to state all three criteria correctly Criteria C1 : state the manipulated variable. C2 : state the responding variable R : relationship between C1 and C2 Sample answer: The higher the temperature, the shorter the time taken for reaction/higher the rate of reaction until the optimum temperature is reached Able to state three criteria incorrectly or any two criteria correctly Sample answer : The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of enzyme reaction/ the shorter time Able to state at idea level only Sample answer : The rate of enzyme reaction is affected by temperature To determine the effect of temperature on the rate of enzymatic reaction Not able to respond or wrong response

(e)(i)

[KB 0606 Communicating skill ] Criteria Able to complete the table T Able to write the title and units (1m) D Able to transfer the data (1m) C- Able to write the calculation max 3 decimal places (1m) T Temperature (C) Time taken (min) Rate of reaction, 1/time (min-1) 15 25 35 45 D 14 / 15 9 / 10 5/6 7/8 0.07 / 0.07 0.11 / 0.10 0.20 / 0.17 0.14 / 0.13 C

Score 3

(ii)

Able to draw a graph base on the criteria below: label axis-x and axis- y with correct unit/ constants scale all point have been transfer correctly smooth graph shape
Graph of rate of enzymatic reaction against temperature
0.35 0.3 Rate of enzymatic reaction(min -1) 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
o

35

40

45

50

Temperature ( C)

2 1 0

Any two criteria Any 1 criteria Not able to respond or wrong response

(e) (iii) [KB0608- Interpreting data ] Score 3 Criteria Able to state the relationship between rates of reaction with temperature based on the criteria below: Criteria C1 : Correct relationship C2 : Condition of enzyme in low and high temperature C3 : Condition of enzyme in optimum temperature Sample answer When the temperature increases, the rate of enzymatic reaction increases until the optimum temperature of 35C, after which the rate of enzymatic reaction decreases. Enzyme is inactive in low temperature and denatured in high temperature. It is the most active in optimum temperature. 2 1 0 Able to state the relationship between rates of reaction with temperature based on one criteria correctly or two criteria incorrectly. Able to state at idea level only Not able to respond or wrong response

(f) [KB0609 Definition operationally] Score Criteria Able to state the definition of enzyme operationally correctly based on the 3 following criteria: C1: Function of enzyme C2: Effect on the substrate C3: Effect of temperature on the time taken for the change of colour. Sample answer Enzyme hydrolyse the starch (C1) to sugar (C2) and the increase in temperature before the optimum temperature reduces the time taken for the change in colour from dark blue to brown. (C3) 2 Able to state any two criteria 9

Able to state at idea / theory definition only

0 Not able to respond or wrong response (g)(i) [KB0605 Prediction] Score 3 Criteria Able to predict the effect of increasing the water temperature to the rate of enzymatic reaction give reason based on the following criteria: C1: Time cannot be determined / any time higher than 6 minutes C2: Enzyme is denatured at high temperature C3: No hydrolysis of starch. Sample answer The time taken for the change in colour from dark blue to brown cannot be determined as the enzyme is denatured at high temperature. The starch cannot be hydrolysed. 2 1 0 (i) Able to predict the time more than 14 minutes with reason Able to state at idea level only Not able to respond or wrong response [KB0602 Categorised] Score 3 Criteria Able to match all 6 enzymes with the substrates correctly
Starch Sucrose Protein Lipid Maltose Peptide

2 1 0

Able to match 4 5 enzymes with the substrates correctly Able to match 2 -3 enzymes with the substrates correctly Able to match 1 enzyme with the substrate or not able to respond 10

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