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3G 629 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS CHAPTER

16
Clients and Servers
Online distribution of multimedia over LANs or the Internet is almost always based on the
client/server model of distributed computation. In this model, programs called servers listen on
a communication channel for requests from other programs, called clients, which are generally
running on a different machine elsewhere on the network. Whenever a server receives a request,
it sends a response, which provides some service or data to the client. Requests and responses
are collectively known as messages. Here, a message is a structured collection of data transmitted
over the network. The messages exchanged by a client and server conform to a protocol a set
of rules governing the format of the data and the actions to be taken by a server or client when
it receives a request or response.
The most popular form of online multimedia delivery is the World Wide Web, whose imple-
mentation is an example of the client/server model. Web servers and clients communicate with
each other using the HyperText Transfer Protocol, abbreviated to HTTP. HTTP is a very simple
protocol designed for the fast transmission of hypermedia in the form of HTML or XHTML
documents and CSS stylesheets, as described in Chapter 10, and the graphics, sound, video,
animation and other sorts of data that go with them to make up Web pages.
Connection
Type
Speed Text
20 kB
Graphics
100 kB
Multimedia
2 MB
Dial-up (V.90) 56 kbps 2.9 s 14.6 s 5 min
ADSL basic 512 kbps 320 ms 1.6 s 32.8 s
typical 2 Mbps 82 ms 410 ms 8.4 s
premium 8 Mbps 20.5 ms 102 ms 2.1 s
Cable typical 512 kbps 320 ms 1.6 s 32.8 s
premium 2 Mbps 82 ms 410 ms 8.4 s
Satellite

512 kbps 860 ms 2.1 s 33.3 s

Leased
line
T1 1.5 Mbps 109 ms 546 ms 11.2 s
T3 44 Mbps 3.7 ms 19 ms 381 ms
G3 phone 2 Mbps 82 ms 410 ms 8.4 s
Abilene 100 Mbps 1.6 ms 8.2 ms 168 ms
Includes latency.
Typical download times Figure 16.1.
apisake@gmail.com...................................................... MacAvon Medi a Ex Libris
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