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Foreword This booklet covers pages 192-229 of Edexcels AS biology textbook. Youll find each single page of this document is a representation of the information on a double page spread of the textbook. When you have finished with this booklet print it off and highlight important things you need to revise more on. Good Luck
Contents Biodiversity Sampling Plants Sampling Animals Measuring Biodiversity Classification and Taxonomy The five Kingdoms Classifying living things Naming Living Things Modern Classification Variation Adaptation Natural Selection The evidence for evolution Evolution Today Conservation of species The effect of Global Climate Change Conservation in situ Conservation ex situ International cooperation
Biodiversity
Biodiversity includes all animals, globally, the genes that are contained and the ecosystems that are formed.
Sampling Plants
Sampling Animals
Measuring Biodiversity
Species Richness is the number of species present in a habitat Species Evenness is the numbers of each species in a habitat and how even the habitat is varied C1 = number of animals captured at first (then marked) C2 = number of animals captured second C3 = number of marked animals in second capture Total population = (C1xC2)/C3 Simpsons diversity Index is a measure of diversity of the habitat
Modern Classification
Cytochrome C is present in all organisms that respire (everyone, bar chemosynthetic prokaryotes) by observing the amino acid order of the cytochrome in each species it is identifiable how closely related the species are
Variation
Continuous variation = normal distribution Discontinuous variation = classification among species (e.g. gender, blood type, Bacteria w/w.o flagella) Variation can be inherited/genetically which can lead to new variation with mutations, or environmentally, which will can be appearance, or genetic affecting (which would then be passed on)
Adaptation
Behavioural Adaptations reactions to environment Physiological/Biochemical adaptations ensuring the correct functioning of cell processes Anatomical adaptations flagella etc. Xerophytes are well adapted. *RECALL XEROPHYTES*