Old Ui

®
Pro/ENGINEER
Wildfire™ 2.0
®
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 and the Old User
Interface
Help Topic Collection
Parametric Technology Corporation

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6,665,569 B1 16-December-2003 6,608,623 B1 19 August 2003 4,310,615 21-December-1998
6,625,607 B1 23-September-2003 6,473,673 B1 29-October-2002 4,310,614 30-April-1996
6,580,428 B1 17-June-2003 GB2354683B 04-June-2003 4,310,614 22-April-1999
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GB2384125 15-October-2003 6,308,144 23-October-2001 5,513,316 30-April-1996
GB2354096 12-November-2003 5,680,523 21-October-1997 5,689,711 18-November-1997
6,608,623 B1 19 August 2003 5,838,331 17-November-1998 5,506,950 09-April-1996
GB2353376 05-November-2003 4,956,771 11-September-1990 5,428,772 27-June-1995
GB2354686 15-October-2003 5,058,000 15-October-1991 5,850,535 15-December-1998
6,545,671 B1 08-April-2003 5,140,321 18-August-1992 5,557,176 09-November-1996
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Table Of Contents
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 ....................................................................................... 1
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About the Old User Interface ............................................ 1
Creating Features ........................................................................................ 1
Datums ................................................................................................... 1
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Control Datum Display................................................. 1

Datum Planes .......................................................................................................... 2
Datum Axes ............................................................................................................ 5
Datum Points........................................................................................................... 6
Datum Curves ....................................................................................................... 13
Formed Datum Curves.......................................................................................... 22
Projected Datum Curves ....................................................................................... 24
Datum Curves Through Points ............................................................................. 28
Composite Datum Curves ..................................................................................... 31
Coordinate Systems .............................................................................................. 38
Graphs ................................................................................................................... 43
Evaluate Features .................................................................................................. 45
Extruded Features ....................................................................................46
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About an Extruded Feature .............................................. 46

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create an Extruded Feature......................................... 46
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Thin Extruded Feature .................................. 47
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Attributes of an Extruded Feature .................................... 47
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Open and Closed Sections for Extruded Features............ 48
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Specify the Depth Attribute ........................................ 48
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 The "Through" Options .................................................... 49
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 The "Up To" Options ....................................................... 49
Revolved Features....................................................................................50
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Revolved Features ................................................. 50

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Revolved Feature.......................................... 50
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Sketching the Revolved Feature Section.......................... 51
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Specifying the Angle of Revolution................................. 51
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Attributes of a Revolved Feature ..................................... 51
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Revolved Feature............................ 52
Advanced Features ...................................................................................54
Sweeps .................................................................................................................. 54
Blends ................................................................................................................... 61
Parallel Blends ...................................................................................................... 67
Non-Parallel Blends .............................................................................................. 68
Variable Section Sweeps....................................................................................... 75
Swept Blends ........................................................................................................ 85
v
Table Of Contents
Helical Sweeps...................................................................................................... 92
Creating Surface Features ............................................................................99
Creating a Surface Feature ........................................................................99
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Different Ways to Create a Surface....................... 99

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Surface Feature (basic) ................................. 99
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Feature with an Open or Closed Volume ... 100
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Joined or Unattached Quilt ......................... 100
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Flat Surface................................................. 100
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Fillet Quilt................................................... 101
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create Surfaces by Offsetting ................................... 101
Copying Surfaces ................................................................................... 102
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Surface Copy .............................................. 102

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Select the Surfaces to be Copied............................... 103
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Use the Include Command........................................ 103
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Use the Exclude Command....................................... 104
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Use the Redefine Command ..................................... 104
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Redefining Selections Made with Surf & Bnd............... 104
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Exclude Loops from the Surface Selection............... 105
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Fill Loops.................................................................. 105
Creating Advanced Surface Features......................................................... 105
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Advanced Surface Features................................. 105

Creating a Blended Surface ................................................................................ 106
Creating Other Surfaces from Boundaries.......................................................... 118
Merging Quilts ....................................................................................... 123
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Merge Two Quilts..................................................... 123

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Parental Hierarchy of Quilts........................................... 123
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Merging Two Quilts....................................... 124
Trimming Quilts ..................................................................................... 125
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Trimming Quilts.................................................. 125

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt Using a Basic Form.............................. 125
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt Using the Use Quilt Option ................. 126
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt with the Use Curves Option................. 126
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Trimming with the Use Curves Option .......................... 126
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Trimming with the Use Curve Option ........... 127
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt Using the Vertex Round Option .......... 127
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Trimming the Vertex Round Option.............. 128
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt Using the Silhouette Option................. 128
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Using the Silhouette Option........................... 129
Transforming Quilts ................................................................................ 129
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About the Transform Option .......................................... 129

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Translate and Rotate Quilts and Datum Curves........ 130
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Mirror Quilts and Datum Curves .............................. 130
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Flip the Surface Normal............................................ 130
vi
Table Of Contents
Extending Quilts..................................................................................... 131
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Extending a Quilt ................................................ 131

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using Same Srf and Variable ........... 131
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using Same Srf and Single Dist ....... 133
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using the Approx Srf Option ........... 133
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using Tangent Srf and Variable ....... 134
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using Tangent Srf and Single Dist... 135
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using the Along Dir Option ............. 135
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Using the Along Dir Option........................... 136
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Obtain Information about Extension Parameters...... 136
Creating Draft and Area Offsets ............................................................... 137
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Draft Offsets........................................................ 137

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Draft Offset................................................. 137
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create an Area Offset ............................................... 139
Freeform Surfaces.................................................................................. 139
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Freeform Features ............................................... 139

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Sample Freeform Surface .............................. 140
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Select an Entire Surface for the Freeform Surface ... 140
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Sketch a Boundary Region ....................................... 141
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Freeform Quilt ............................................ 141
Index ......................................................................................................... 143
vii
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About the Old User Interface

This collection of topics describes the Pro/ENGINEER user interface used before the
Pro/E Wildfire release. A subset of this functionality is still used in some cases in
certain Pro/E applications.
Creating Features
Datums
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Control Datum Display

To control the display of datum planes, datum axes, datum point symbols and tags,
and coordinate systems, choose View > Datum Display, and set the appropriate
options in the Datum Display dialog box.
You can display all datum points with or without name tags. You can also control the
display of datum features by setting the appropriate configuration options to yes or
no, as shown in the following table.
DATUM FEATURE CONFIGURATION OPTION

CONTROLLING DISPLAY
Datum plane datum_display
Datum axis axis_display
Datum point datum_point_display
datum_point_symbol_display
datum_point_tag_display
Coordinate system display_coordinate_sys
Datum curves are unaffected by any of these options for datum display. If you want
to blank a datum curve, place it on a layer and blank the layer. Similarly, you can
"turn off" the display of individual datum features or datum name text by placing
them on a layer, then blanking the layer.
You can also reassign the colors of datums and datum tags by choosing View >
Model Setup > Color & Appearances.
1
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 and the Old User Interface - Help Topic Collection
Datum Planes
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Datum Planes

You can use datum planes to create a reference on a part where one does not
already exist. For example, you can sketch or place features on a datum plane when
there is no appropriate planar surface.
You can also dimension to a datum plane as if it were an edge. When you are
constructing an assembly, you can use datums with assembly commands.
Datum planes are infinite. You can size datum planes, except those made on-the-fly,
to visually fit a part, feature, surface, edge, axis, or radius.
You create a datum plane by specifying constraints that locate it with respect to
existing geometry. The constraints you choose must locate the datum plane relative
to the model without ambiguity (except for the option Thru Cyl).
Datum Plane Colors and Names

By default, datum planes have two sides: yellow and red. You use the colors when
you assemble components, orient views, and sketch references. Pro/ENGINEER
displays datum planes as red or yellow, depending on which side is facing the screen.
When you create datum planes, the system assigns them names in sequential order
(DTM1, DTM2, and so on). You can change the names of the datum planes using
PART > Setup > Name, or by editing them in the Feature Name column of the
Model Tree.
Selecting Datum Planes

To select a datum plane, you can pick on its name, or select one of its boundaries.
The visual boundaries of the datums sometimes get in the way of selecting surfaces
or edges of the model. If this happens, use Query Sel, or set the configuration file
option select_on_dtm_edges to sketcher_only so the visual edges of the datum
are selectable only when you dimension sketched sections.
Creating Datum Planes On-the-Fly

In the process of feature creation, the system lets you create a datum plane on-the-
fly using the Plane option in the Datum menu.
Consider the following rules about the datum planes created on-the-fly:
• Datum planes that you create during feature creation are internal to and belong
to that feature.
• Datum planes on-the fly become invisible after you create the feature. Any
associated dimensions positioning the datum plane are included with those of the
feature. This gives you more choices for varying dimensions when you create a
feature pattern.
2
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
• Datum planes created on-the-fly cannot be referenced by other features.
• When you use Copy/Mirror to copy features and use datum planes on-the-fly as
the mirror plane, this datum plane stays visible because it can be referenced by
more than one feature.
• When you create datum planes on-the-fly to use in creating a cross-sectional

view of a model or quilt, Pro/ENGINEER puts them on a layer named
xsec_datums. The layer xsec_datums is automatically blanked.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Plane

The following procedure describes basic steps for creating a datum plane:
1. Choose Insert > Datum > Plane or click the plane button on the datums
toolbar.
2. Choose the desired constraint option from the DATUM PLANE menu.
3. Pick the necessary references on the model.
4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 until you have established the necessary constraints.
5. Choose Done to create the datum plane, Restart to respecify all the constraints,
or Quit to abort.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Datum Constraints

The following datum constraints can only be used alone, because each completely
locates the datum plane:
o Through/Plane—Create a datum plane coincident with a planar surface.
o Offset/Plane—Create a datum plane that is parallel to a plane and is

offset from the plane by a specified distance (see the figure below).
o Offset/Coord Sys—Create a datum plane that is normal to one of the

coordinate system axes and offset from the origin of the coordinate system.
When you select this option, the system prompts you to select the axis to
which the plane will be normal. Enter the offset along this axis.
o BlendSection—Create a datum plane through the section that was used to

make a feature. If multiple sections exist, as for a blend, the system
prompts you for the section number.
The offset of an Offset/Plane and Offset/Coord Sys datum plane is a parameter

that can be used (for example, in patterns or relations) and modified.
Datum Constraints that Can Be Used Alone
The options Through > AxisEdgeCurv and Through > Cylinder can be used
alone. When the options are used alone, Pro/ENGINEER establishes the orientation of
the datum. These placement types are intended for revolved geometry, where the
orientation of the datum makes no difference.
3
When you specify the orientation of these datum planes, use additional constraints,
otherwise the system may change the orientation when you modify the part.
Datum Constraints that are Used in Pairs
The following constraints must be used in combination with other constraints:

o Through > AxisEdgeCurv
o Normal > AxisEdgeCurv
o Normal > Plane
o Parallel > Plane
o Tangent > Cylinder
o Through > Point/Vertex
o Angle > Plane
You can pair the Through > Point/Vertex option with the options Through >
AxisEdgeCurv, Through > Cylinder, Parallel > Plane, or Normal > Plane.
With Normal > Plane, two constraints of the type Through > Point/Vertex define
the plane explicitly. If you specify Normal > Plane and one constraints of the type
Through > Point/Vertex, Pro/ENGINEER creates the plane in the default
orientation. You can also use Through > Point/Vertex to select three datum points
through which the datum plane will pass.
You can use the option Through > AxisEdgeCurv to create datum planes through
imported wireframe geometry and datum curves. The option can be used as a
standalone when the selected entity is a circle or an arc, or a spline that lies in a
plane. When you use lines, you need two lines to establish the proper constraints.
Offset and Angled Datums
The options Offset > Plane, Offset > Coord Sys, and Angle > Plane create
datum planes whose location or orientation is governed by a parameter. These
parameters are especially useful when you are making patterns of datum planes.
The possible options for specifying the offset distance are as follows:
o Thru Point—Define the location by picking a point on the model through
which the datum plane will pass. Pro/ENGINEER will approximate the offset
distance based on the selection area. The region selected does not have to
include a datum point or vertex.
o Enter Value—Enter a value for the offset and angle. An arrow appears on
the part that indicates the positive direction of the offset and angle. Use
this option when the datum does not pass through any other point on the
model.
Using a Composite Curve as a Reference
It is good practice to use a composite curve as a references, rather than its

underlying segments. This will prevent the feature from failing if any segment has
been deleted.
4
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Note that when you constrain a datum plane to be normal to a composite curve at
the connection point of two non-tangent segments of the curve, the feature’s
orientation is determined by the curve segments closest to the start of the composite
curve.
Datum Axes
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Datum Axes

Like datum planes, datum axes can be used as references for feature creation.
Datum axes are particularly useful for making datum planes, placing items
concentrically, and creating radial patterns.
Datum axes, as opposed to feature axes, are individual features that can be
suppressed, blanked, or deleted.
The system automatically creates an axis for extruded arcs only when you set the
configuration file option show_axes_for_extr_arcs to yes.
Datum Axes Names
Pro/ENGINEER names datum axes A_#, where # is the number of datum axes that
have been created.
You can change the default name of the axis. You can select an axis by its name, or
by selecting the axis itself.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Axis

1. Choose Insert > Datum > Axis or click the axis button on the datums toolbar.
2. Choose the desired constraint option from the DATUM AXIS menu. The options
are as follows:
o Thru Edge—Create a datum axis through the specified straight edge.
o Normal Pln—Create an axis that is normal to a surface, with linear

dimensions locating it on that surface.
o Pnt Norm Pln—Create an axis through a datum point and normal to a

specified plane.
o Thru Cyl—Create a datum axis through the "imaginary" axis of any surface
of revolution (where an axis does not already exist). Select a cylindrical
surface or revolved surface. Note that some features that only appear to be
cylindrical, such as a remove surface round, cannot be selected.
o Two Planes—Create a datum axis at the intersection of the two specified

planes (datum planes or surfaces). The two planes cannot be parallel, but
they do not have to be shown to intersect on the screen.
o Two Pnt/Vtx—Create an axis between two datum points or edge vertices.

Select the datum points or edge vertices.
5
o Pnt on Surf—Create an axis through any datum point located on a surface.

You did not have to create the point using the On Surface option. The axis
will be normal to the surface at that point.
o Tan Curve—Create an axis that is tangent to a curve or edge at its

endpoint or any datum point on the curve. Select the curve or edge to be
tangent to, then select an endpoint of the curve or edge.
3. Pick the necessary references for the selected option.
Tips for creating datum axes:
• You can set a configuration file option to specify continuous datum axes creation
to avoid making multiple menu picks for each axis. To do this, set the
configuration file option repeat_datum_create to yes.
• In the process of defining a datum axis, you may need to create a datum point
"on-the-fly", for example, when you use the Pnt on Surf or Pnt Norm Pln
option.
Datum Points
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Datum Points

Datum points are used to specify point loads for mesh generation, attach datum
targets and notes in drawings, and create coordinate systems and pipe feature
trajectories. You can also place axes, datum planes, holes, and shafts at a datum
point.
By default, Pro/ENGINEER displays a datum point as an X, with the associated text in
the form PNTn, where n is the number of the datum point. To select a datum point,
pick on the datum point text or on the point itself.
You can change the display symbol used for datum points using the configuration file
option datum_point_symbol. A datum point can use any of the following symbols:
CROSS, CIRCLE, TRIANGLE, or SQUARE.
You can rename datum points using the Name command in the SETUP menu. For a
datum point feature with multiple points, you can rename each point individually.
Datum points declared in a layout cannot be renamed.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create Datum Points

The following procedure explains how to create datum points using model geometry.
1. Choose Insert > Datum > Point or click the point button on the datums
toolbar.
2. Choose one of the following options from the DATUM POINT menu:
o On Surface—Create a datum point on a surface. Dimension the datum

point from two planes or edges. Datum points created using this option can
be patterned. You can select the locating dimensions to establish pattern
direction. If you create a datum point on a surface that belongs to a quilt,
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
the point references the whole quilt rather than the particular surface on
which it was created.
o Offset Surf—Create a datum point offset in a specified direction from a

surface at a specified distance from two referenced placement planes or
edges.
o Curve X Srf—Create a datum point at the intersection of a curve and a

surface. The curve can be a part edge, surface feature edge, datum curve,
axis, or an imported datum curve. The surface can be a part surface,
surface feature, or datum plane.
The system creates the datum point at the location at which the surface
and the curve intersect that is closest to the "pick" used to select the curve.
The system "remembers" the initial pick location on the curve, not on the
surface. For example, if you modify the angle used to place a datum plane,
Pro/ENGINEER places the point at the nearest corresponding intersection of
the curve and planar surface.
o On Vertex—Create a datum point on the vertex of a part edge, surface

feature edge, datum curve, or imported wireframe.
o Offset Csys—Create a datum point array at an offset from one or more

coordinate systems.
Note: You can only change the array of one or more datum points created
using Offset Csys by using the Redefine command.
o Three Srf—Create a datum point at the intersection of three surfaces. Each

surface can be a part surface, surface feature, or datum plane.
o At Center—Create a datum point at the center of an arc, circle, or elliptic

entity
o On Curve—Create a datum point on an edge or curve with a parameter

value for its location that references the length along the curve from one of
its vertices.
o Crv X Crv—Create a datum point on one curve that is located where it is

the minimum distance to another curve. The curves do not need to
intersect.
o Offset Point—Create one or more datum points at an offset from a point

or vertex.
3. Choose Done from the DTM PNT MODE menu.
4. Select the necessary entities to constrain the location of the point.
Notes:
• In certain cases, you cannot individually select multiple datum points created as
a single feature. In these cases, Pro/ENGINEER does not allow you to pick the
points.
• You can also create datum points in the Sketcher.
7
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Point Array

1. Choose Insert > Datum > Point > Offset Csys.
2. Pro/ENGINEER displays the POINT ARRAY menu, which has the following
options:
o With Dims—Create a parametric datum point array that can contain up to

100 points.
o Without Dims—Create a non-parametric datum point array. The system

does not assign names or modifiable dimensions to individual points in the
array. This point is recommended when the number of points is large.
3. Choose Set Crd Sys to select or create a coordinate system. The system displays
the GET COORD S menu. Choose Select and select an existing coordinate
system from the namelist menu, or choose Create to create a new one.
4. Set the coordinate system type by selecting Cartesian, Cylindrical, or

Spherical from the SET CSYS TYP menu.
5. Choose one of the options in the DTM PNT ARR menu: Enter Points, Edit
Points, or Read Points.
6. If desired, you can set up a new coordinate system and specify more points by
repeating Steps 3 through 5.
7. When you have finished, choose Done. The system displays the datum point
names in yellow and displays their tags in white.
Note: Modify the array by choosing Modify from the PART menu and picking a
point in the array.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Datum Point Array Options

A datum point array is a single feature consisting of one or more datum points. You
create these datum points by specifying three coordinate values, relative to some
coordinate system.
You can enter the coordinate values from the keyboard, or they can be read in from
a file. You can create dimension patterns of datum point arrays.
In the feature information, Pro/ENGINEER displays a table of the coordinate system
names and the offsets of the points for the datum point array.
Use the following options in the DTM PNT ARR menu (Insert > Datum > Point >
Offset Csys) to specify datum points for the array:
• Enter Points—At the prompt in the Message Window, enter the directional
offsets (X, Y, and Z; r, theta, and Z; or r, phi, and theta) for one or more datum
points. The datum point array table will not be saved to disk unless you
subsequently save the points using the option Edit Points in this menu, or
Output in the PNT ARR TBL menu. In this case, these points appear in the
NAMES menu namelist when you choose Redefine or Modify and select by
name. Once added to an array table, these points also appear in table arrays for
the Modify or Redefine commands.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
• Edit Points—Use the system editor to enter rows of offsets for each datum point
in the array, then exit from the editor. Pro/ENGINEER saves the array table for
this array of points in a disk file named coordsysname.pts.#, where # is the
version number that is automatically updated each time you write the file.
• Read Points—Read coordinates of the datum points from a file. Enter the name
of an ASCII file that contains rows of offsets in the appropriate format, or the
name of an IGES file. The ASCII file format can contain point numbers in the first
column. When the system reads the file, these numbers are ignored.
The ASCII file should be formatted so the three coordinates for each point are on
one line. If more than three numbers are on one line, the system assumes the
second, third, and fourth are the coordinates of interest. This means that you can
number datum points, if desired. You can separate the coordinates using spaces
or tabs, and the coordinates can be integers or floating-point numbers. The file
name should end with the extension .pts.
You can use any combination of these techniques for the current coordinate system.
When a datum point array is created, the system immediately displays points that
have been successfully read or entered (before you select Done) as white X’s
without tags.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Sketched Datum Point

1. Click Insert > Datum > Point or click the point button on the Datums toolbar.
2. Click DATUM POINT > Sketch.
3. The Sketched Datum Point dialog box opens with one element:
Section—Sketch datum curves.
4. Set up a sketching plane using the SETUP SK PLN and SETUP PLANE menus.
5. Set up a sketch view using the SKET VIEW menu. The Sketch menu appears on
the top menu bar.
6. Click Sketch > Point.
7. Sketch as many points as needed and dimension them. Click Done to exit
Sketcher.
8. Click OK from the Sketched Datum Point dialog box.
Note: You can use any sketched geometry as construction geometry when creating
sketched datum points.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Point on a Curve or Edge

You can create a datum point on a curve or edge, with a parameter value for its
location that references the length along the curve from one of its vertices.
2. Choose On Curve and Done from the DATUM POINT menu.
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3. To dimension the point, choose one of the PNT DIM MODE menu options:
o Offset—Dimension the point to a planar surface. Select the surface from

which to measure the offset distance. The default value given in the
dimension prompt is the location at which you selected the curve or edge. If
you modify the location of the point on the curve, the dimension measures
the distance from the surface to the point.
o Length Ratio—Express the distance from the point to the curve vertex as
a ratio of the total length of the curve, shown as a fraction in decimal form.
Enter a ratio value between 0 and 1, where 0 is at the vertex from which
you are measuring, and 1 is at the other end of the curve. For example,
entering .25 places the datum point at 1/4 of the curve length from the
vertex from which the measurement is made toward the end. The default
value given in the dimension prompt is the location at which you selected
the curve or edge. Pro/ENGINEER displays the dimension as # REL.
o Actual Len—Dimension the point by measuring a specific distance from the

vertex of the curve. Enter a value between 0 and the total length of the
curve. The system displays this range in the prompt for the value.
Pro/ENGINEER displays the dimension as # LEN.
4. Select the edge or curve at the location where you want to add the datum point.
5. If desired, continue adding points along this curve or edge.
6. Choose Done when you have finished adding points.
7. Enter dimensions for each of the datum points.
Note: If you choose Length Ratio or Actual Len, the dimensions are only within a
tolerance limit determined by the part accuracy and are not necessarily exact. After
you complete the feature, the system displays the accuracy in a message. However,
if you choose Offset, the dimensions used are exact.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Point On-the-Fly

1. When you must create points while creating a feature, simply select an option
from the Insert > Datum menu.
2. If you selected Point, the DTM PNT MODE menu appears with the following
options:
o Add New—Create new datum points in the feature. select an option from
the DATUM POINT menu, and follow the system prompts to locate the
points.
Note: For the current master feature, the DATUM POINT menu shows only valid
options for creating datum points.
o Change—Change the placement of an existing datum point. Select the

point you want to change, choose an option from the DATUM POINT
menu, and define the point as usual.
10
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
o Remove—Remove selected datum points from the feature.
3. Once you create all required points, choose DTM PNT MODE > Done. Upon
creation, the system automatically selects all new points for an operation.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create an Offset Datum Point

Using the Offset Point option, you can create a datum point by specifying an offset
direction, then selecting another point (datum point, vertex, or coordinate system)
from which the new datum point is to be offset.
2. Choose Offset Point from the DATUM POINT menu.
3. Select how to specify the offset direction using one of the following options in the
OFFSET DIR menu:
o Entity/Edge—The offset direction is along a straight edge, axis, or straight

curve.
o Plane Norm—The offset direction is normal to a plane.
o 2 Points—The offset direction is indicated by a line passing through two

points (two vertices, points, or coordinate systems).
o Coord Sys—The offset is along the axes of a coordinate system.
4. Select the appropriate references for the direction of the new points.
5. Pick the points from which to offset. Choose Done Sel when you have finished.
6. Enter the offset distance along the direction shown (if you selected Coord Sys,
the system prompts you for an offset distance along each axis in turn). A
negative value creates an offset in the opposite direction.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Modify Points in a Datum Point Array

To modify datum points in the array, use one of the following methods:
• Display datum points, select the dimensions you want to change, and enter new
values.
• Edit a data file.
1. Choose Modify and pick on a datum point name. Pro/ENGINEER highlights the
whole array and the corresponding coordinate system in red, and highlights the
selected point name in yellow.
2. The system displays the MOD ARR OPT menu, which has the following options:
Show Dim—Display the coordinates of the selected datum point (or all the
datum points in the array) and select each dimension you want to modify. To
display the dimensions, choose from the following:
o Single—Display the dimensions of the selected point only.
11
o All—Display the dimensions of all the points in the array.
Table—Modify the whole array using the array table.
3. Choose Done/Return from the PNT ARR TBL menu.
4. Choose Regenerate to see the changes.
Note: The values in a non-parametric datum point array can be changed using
Redefine, References. However, the number of points in the array can only be
changed by using Enter Points.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Using the Table Option to Modify a Datum Point

Array
Use the Table option to modify the whole array using the array table. The system
displays the MOD ARR TBL menu, which has the following options:
• Enter Points—Enter coordinates of the datum points by typing in the Message
Window.
• Edit Points—Modify the coordinates of the datum points by editing the array
table. Pro/ENGINEER puts you in the system editor and saves the array table to
disk before displaying it for editing. You can edit the table many times between
regenerations. After each edit, the system indicates the new positions of the
points using white X’s. On regeneration, the system displays datum points in
yellow, with their names.
• Input—Add datum points to the current array by entering the name of a file
containing their X, Y, and Z coordinates. The system adds new coordinates at the
end of the current array table. (This operation does not save the array table to
disk.)
• Output—Save the array table to disk.
• Show—Display the array table in the Information Window.
Note: You cannot add or delete datum points if the datum point array is used in a
pipe feature.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Redefine Datum Points

There are three cases for redefining datum points:
• Redefining a parametric datum point array—You can change the values and the
number of points in the array.
• Redefining a non-parametric datum point array—You can change the values, but
not the number of points in the array.
• Redefining all other datum points—You can choose Redefine > References,
which allows you to use the same DTM PNT MODE menu options as when you
created the points.
12
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Datum Curves
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Datum Curves

You use datum curves to create surfaces and other features, or as sweep
trajectories.
By default, Pro/ENGINEER displays datum curves in orange. You can modify this
color using either the Appearances dialog box, or by setting the configuration file
option system_curves_color percentages for red, green, and blue.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Sketched Datum Curve

1. Choose Insert > Datum > Sketched Curve.
2. The feature creation dialog appears with two elements:
o Section—Sketch datum curves.
o X-hatching—(Optional) Add cross-hatching to the area bounded by the

curve. This element is available only for closed sections.
3. Set up a sketching plane using the SETUP SK PLN and SETUP PLANE menus.
4. Select the direction of viewing by choosing Flip or Okay from the DIRECTION
menu.
5. Set up a horizontal or vertical reference for sketching.
6. Sketch the curve and dimension it. Choose Done to exit Sketcher.
7. To add cross-hatching, choose X-hatching and Define from the dialog box.
Choose one of the options in the DISPLAY HATCH menu, followed by Done. The
options are as follows:
o Display—Crosshatch the area bounded by a closed loop section. The cross-

hatch will be visible in all modes (if you have Pro/DETAIL), but is modifiable
in Drawing mode only.
o No Display—Do not create any crosshatching.
8. Choose OK from the dialog box.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Sketched Datum Curves

You sketch datum curves in the same manner as any other features. Sketched
curves can consist of one or more sketched segments and of one or more open or
closed loops. However, using datum curves for other features is usually restricted to
a single curve (which can consist of many segments) of an open or closed loop.
As you sketch the datum curves, Pro/ENGINEER creates a single composite datum
curve on top of discrete sketched datum curves. For this type of composite curve,
you cannot redefine a start point.
13
The composite curve created from a sketched curve can be selected as a trajectory,
for example as a sweep trajectory. Use Query Sel to select underlying sketched
curve entities.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Curve at Surface Intersections

You can create datum curves at the intersection of any part surface or surface
feature and a datum plane or at the intersection of any two surface features.
Each pair of intersected surfaces produces a separate segment of the curve.
Pro/ENGINEER combines each connected segment loop into a composite curve.
1. Choose Insert > Datum > Curve.
2. Choose Intr. Surfs, then Done.
3. For each surface, choose one of the following options from the INTR SURFS
menu and select the appropriate references:
o Single—Select single surfaces from a part surface or a quilt and choose

Done. You can select several surfaces at one time with this option.
o Whole—Select a whole quilt or all the surfaces on a part and choose Done.
You can select only once with this option.
Notes:
• If the first surfaces selected are solid, the second surface selection can not be
solid.
• Datum curves can not be created at the intersection of two datum planes.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Import a Datum Curve

1. Choose Insert > Datum > Curve or click the curve button on the Datums
toolbar.
2. Choose From File, then choose Done.
3. The system displays the GET COORD S menu. Create or select a coordinate
system that the curve will reference.
4. Select the file to open.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Importing a Datum Curve

An imported datum curve can consist of one or more segments. Multiple segments
are not necessarily connected.
The From File option imports a datum curve from a Pro/ENGINEER IBL, IGES, SET,
or VDA file. Pro/ENGINEER does not automatically combine the curves imported
using From File into a composite curve.
Pro/ENGINEER reads all the curves from an IGES or SET file, then converts them to
spline curves. When you import a VDA file, the system reads the VDA spline entities
only.
14
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
The IBL file format is very much like that of a blend file, except you should precede
the coordinates of each segment of the curve with both begin section and begin
curve. Two points in a section define a line, while more than two define a spline.
To connect curve segments, make sure the coordinates of the first point are the
same as the last point in the previous section.
You can redefine datum curves that are created from a file and you can trim or split
them with other curves that are imported from a file.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Sample Datum Curve File

Note that the point numbering (the first column of numbers) in an .ibl file is
optional.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Curve Using a Cross Section

Use the Use Xsec option to create a datum curve from a planar cross section
boundary (that is, the intersection of the planar cross section with the part outline).
1. Choose Insert > Datum > Curve or click the curve button on the datums
toolbar.
2. Choose Use Xsec and Done from the OPTIONS menu.
3. Select a planar cross section from the namelist menu of all the available cross
sections.
4. The cross-section boundary is used to create a datum curve. If a cross section

has more than one chain, each chain has a composite curve.
Note: You can not use a boundary from an offset cross section to create a datum
curve.
15
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Split Datum Curve

A split datum curve is a copy of another curve. The new datum curve terminates at
the intersection with a surface, datum point, or datum plane. Once you create a split
curve, the original curve becomes invisible.
1. Choose Insert > Datum > Curve > Split.
2. The dialog box lists the following elements:
o Curve—Define the datum curve to split.
o Divider—Select the dividing entity.
o Flip—Define which portion of the curve to keep.
3. Select a datum curve to split. The curve can not form a closed loop.
4. Select the dividing entity. You can pick a surface (solid surface or surface
feature), datum point, or datum plane.
5. A green arrow indicates the portion of the curve to keep. Select an option from
the TRIM CURVE menu:
o Both—Select the entire curve.
o Flip—Flip the direction of the arrow to select the other portion of the curve.
o Okay—Accept the selection.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Curve Offset from a Surface

You can create a datum curve at an offset from an existing curve, and normal to a
surface. A datum curve uses a reference curve, a surface from which to offset, and
an existing graph feature to specify the offset values.
1. Create a graph feature.
toolbar.
3. Choose OffsetFromSrf from the OPTIONS menu.
4. Select the reference datum curve to copy. It must lie on the surface or plane
from which the offset will be determined.
5. Select the start point for the curve using Flip and Okay. This is the origin for the
graph offsets.
6. Select a surface or plane from which to offset, then specify the direction in which
to offset.
7. Select the graph feature that determines the offset values. Use Sel By Menu and
select its name.
8. Enter a scale factor for the offset. Pro/ENGINEER creates the curve.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Notes:
• Graphs used for creating offset datum curves should have X-axis values ranging
only from 0 to 1. If the range extends beyond 1, only the portion from 0 to 1 is
used.
• The graph curve can consist of one entity only.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Modifying a Datum Curve Offset from a Surface

To modify the scale factor of a curve created using the option OffsetFromSrf, use
the Modify command.
Using Redefine and References, you can change the start point of the curve (using
Point), the surface offset (using Surface), or the values of the offset (using Graph
and Scheme).
If you try to redefine the graph section, the system displays the CHILD OPTS menu.
This menu allows you to delete or suspend the corresponding data curve, which is a
child of the graph feature.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Datum Curve Offset from a

Surface
Original curve
a. Offset direction
b. Reference curve, on surface
c. Surface from which to offset
d. Start point
The graph feature controls the offsets from the surface. A value of 0 on the graph
causes the curve to touch the surface.
17
a. Start point
a. Start point
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Curve Offset from a Curve

You can create a datum curve at an offset from an existing curve along a surface.
You can modify both the direction and offset distance using either a positive or
negative dimension value.
1. Choose Insert > Datum > Curve > From Curve > Done.
2. Select a curve to offset from.
3. Select a surface along which to offset the curve.
4. A red arrow shows the direction of offset. Choose Flip or Okay from the
DIRECTION menu.
5. Enter the offset distance.

Curve
a. Reference curve, on surface
b. Resulting offset curve with offset value of 1
18
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Curve Offset from a Surface

Boundary
1. Choose Insert > Datum > Curve > From Bndry > Done.
2. Use options in the CHAIN menu to select surface edges. You can only select
edges that belong to one surface. When finished selecting edges, choose Done
form the CHAIN menu.
3. Indicate where you want to specify the offset by selecting an option from the
GET EXT DIST menu. The options are as follows:
o Vert By Vert—Specify the offset distance for vertices in the selected chain
of edges. The system highlights each vertex in the selected chain
consecutively to allow you to specify the offset.
o Sel Pnt/Vert—Select a datum point or vertex for which the offset will be
specified.
4. For the selected point, specify the offset distance using the MEASURE DIST
menu. A positive value offsets the curve inside the boundary, while a negative
value offsets the curve outside the boundary. Select from the mutually exclusive
pairs of options available for this operation.
Select one of these options:
o Specify Dist—Offset at a specified distance.
o Up To Vertex—Offset up to a vertex and choose from the MEASURE DIST

menu. After the system highlights the vertex, choose Accept.
o Norm To Bnd—Measure the offset distance normal to the boundary. This

option is for Specify Dist only.
o Along Edge—Measure the offset distance along the highlighted edge (see
the following figure). Once the reference is established, choose Accept and
enter an offset value.
Select one of these options (available for Specify Dist only):
o Next Normal—Indicate another boundary to reference multiple surface

boundaries.
o Next Along—Indicate another edge to reference multiple edges.
o Skip—Skip a point and move to the next one.
o Accept—Accept the specified options.
5. To continue specifying offsets at other points, repeat Steps 3 and 4.
19
6. When finished specifying the offset distance, choose Done/Return from the GET
EXT DIST menu.
7. If you want to redefine the offset curve, choose Define from the SURF EXTEND
menu. To obtain information about the offset curve, choose Info from the SURF
EXTEND menu.
8. To complete the feature, choose Done Extend from the SURF EXTEND menu.
Note: You cannot successfully define a curve from a boundary (From Bndry) when
your intent is not clear.
For example, when three patches meet at a common vertex on the boundary of a
quilt and there is more than one two-sided edge at the vertex, the system will
not know your design intent if you are trying to offset inside the boundaries.

Surface Boundary
Before:
Note: For the vertices, the distance was measured using Along Edge.
a. Reference boundary
b. Vertices
After:
a. Resulting datum curve
20
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Two-Projection Datum Curve

The 2 Projections option enables you to create a projected datum curve from two
sections on non-parallel sketching planes. The system extrudes (or projects) these
sections until they intersect and it creates a datum curve at the intersection.
1. Choose Insert > Datum > Curve > 2 Projections > Done.
2. Select a sketching plane and reference plane for the first curve.
3. Sketch the curve and choose Done.
4. Select a sketching plane and reference plane for the second curve. Sketch the
curve and choose Done.
5. Pro/ENGINEER creates the two-projection datum curve.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Curve from Equations

You can create a datum curve from an equation using the option From Equation as
long as the curve does not intersect itself.
toolbar.
2. Choose From Equation and Done.
3. A curve creation dialog box comes up with the following elements:
o Csys—Define the coordinate system.
o Csys Type—Specify the type of the coordinate system.
o Equation—Enter an equation.
4. Use options in the GET COORDS menu to create or select a coordinate system.
5. Use options in the SET CSYS TYPE to specify the type of the coordinate system.
The options are: Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical.
6. The system displays an editor window so you can enter the curve equation as a
regular feature relation. The editor window header contains instructions for
specifying the equation, depending on the type of coordinate system you have
chosen.
The equation is specified in terms of parameter t, which varies from 0 to 1, and

three coordinate system parameters: X, Y, and Z for Cartesian; r, theta, and Z
for cylindrical; and, r, theta, and phi for spherical.
Note: You can not use the following statements in an equation that defines a datum
curve: abs, ceil, floor, else, extract, if, endif, itos, and search.
21
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Copy a Datum Curve

1. Choose Copy from the CURVE OPTS menu.
2. Pick a datum curve or composite curve to copy. The system creates the new
curve in the assembly.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Copying Datum Curves in Assembly Mode

In Assembly mode, you can create a datum curve on any part in the assembly.
In the process of defining the datum curve, the CURVE OPTS menu contains an
additional option, the Copy command. This command copies composite curves from
one of the members of the assembly.
Pro/ENGINEER creates the resulting assembly datum curve in exactly the same
location as the datum curve from which it was copied. The system also copies the
referenced edges and adjacent surfaces of the datum curve to the new datum curve
features.
You can then use the copied curve as a sweep trajectory with normal surfaces
defined.
Formed Datum Curves
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Formed Datum Curves

You can transfer a datum curve onto a surface as a formed curve, much like you can
transfer a decal to a surface. The formed curve preserves the length of the original
curve.
In contrast, a projected datum curve "distorts" the original curve length. Datum
curves can only be formed on surfaces that can be developed, such as cones, planes
and cylinders.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Formed Datum Curve on a Solid Surface

1. Choose Datum > Curve or click the curve button on the datums toolbar.
2. Choose Formed and Done from the OPTIONS menu.
3. Choose Solid Surfs from the SURFACE LIST menu.
4. Select or create the sketching plane, then specify the direction of viewing the
sketching plane by choosing Flip or Okay.
5. The system prompts you to specify a direction of feature creation, and displays a
corresponding arrow. Choose Flip, if desired, then choose Okay.
6. Specify a view orientation by picking a Sketcher reference plane.
7. Sketch the datum curve. Using the Adv Geometry option, include in the sketch
a coordinate system that determines the curve reference point.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Locate it on the sketch where you want curve projection to start (the curve will
be formed outward from that point). Make sure the location does not correspond
to a point on the surface that is perpendicular to the screen (for example, do not
align it to the silhouette edge of a cylinder).
8. When you choose Done from Sketcher, Pro/ENGINEER creates the curve by
projecting the reference point onto the part surface. Pro/ENGINEER forms the
curve onto the first surface it encounters in the feature creation direction, with
the length of the curve segments preserved.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Formed Datum Curve

This example shows the difference between formed and projected datum curves.
a. Sketched curve
b. Projected curve
c. Formed curve
This example shows the creation of the formed datum curve.
a. Formed curve
b. Sketched curve
c. Reference point (sketch coordinate system)
d. Sketching plane
e. Feature creation direction
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Formed Datum Curve on a Quilt

2. Choose Formed and Done from the CURVE OPTS menu.
3. Choose Quilt Surfs from the SURFACE LIST menu.
If there is only one surface feature in the part, the system highlights it
automatically. If there is more than one, select a surface feature onto which to
form the curve.
4. Set up the sketching plane and direction of feature creation, then sketch the
datum curve.
Include in the sketch a coordinate system that determines the curve reference
point. Locate it on the sketch where you want curve projection to start.
Pro/ENGINEER will form the curve outward from that point.
5. Choose Done from the SKETCHER menu. Pro/ENGINEER creates the curve.
Projected Datum Curves
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Projected Datum Curves

You create projected datum curves by sketching a section, or selecting an existing
datum curve, and then projecting it onto one or more surfaces.
You can project datum curves onto solid surfaces, a set of non-solid surfaces, quilts,
or datum planes. The surface or quilt you project onto does not have to be planar.
If you create a curve by sketching on plane, it can be patterned.
Projected curves cannot be cross-hatched. If you select a cross-hatched datum curve
for projection, the system ignores the cross-hatching.
There are two types of curves that you can project; they are listed in the
PRJCRVTYPE menu:
• Sketch—Sketch a curve to project.
• Select—Select a curve or edge to project.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Projected Datum Curve by Sketching

1. Choose Datum > Curve > Projected > Done.
2. Choose PRJCRVTYPE > Sketch > Done.
3. A feature creation dialog box appears with the following feature elements:
o Section—Sketch a curve to project.
o Surfaces—Select the surface to project onto.
o Proj Type—Specify the projection method.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
4. Create or select the sketching plane. Specify the direction of viewing the
sketching plane. Specify a view orientation by picking the sketcher reference
plane.
5. The system prompts you to specify a direction of feature creation, and displays
an arrow. Choose Flip if desired, then choose Okay.
6. The system places you into Sketcher. Specify reference entities to dimension the
curve to the model. Sketch and dimension the curve. Choose Done to exit
Sketcher.
7. Select the type of surface to project onto by choosing an option form the
PROJCRVREFS menu:
o Surfaces—Use the SURF SELECT and SURF OPTION menus to select the
surfaces or quilt onto which to project the curve. When finished selecting
surfaces, choose Done from the SURF SELECT menu.
o Datum Planes—Select or create datum planes onto which to project the

curve. Choose Select Plane or Make Plane from the GET DTMSEL menu.
8. The system automatically defines the projection method as Norm To Sket. If

you want to project the curve normal to the surface, choose the Proj Type
element in the dialog box and click Define.
9. The PROJ TYPE menu lists the Norm To Sket and Norm to Surf options.
Choose Norm to Surf option and Done to project normal to the reference
surfaces.
10. Choose OK from the dialog box. Pro/ENGINEER creates the datum curve by
projecting the sketch onto the selected surfaces.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Projected Datum Curve by

Sketching
Sketch a curve on the front surface. Select the bottom surface to project onto.
Section in Sketcher
Projected curve created with the Norm To Sket option
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Projected curve created with the Norm To Surf option
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Projected Datum Curve by Selecting

Entities
2. Choose CRV OPTIONS > Projected > Done.
3. Choose PRJCRVTYPE > Select > Done.
4. A feature creation dialog box appears with the following feature elements:
o References—Select curves and edges to project.
o Surfaces—Select the surface to project onto.
27
o Proj Type—Specify the projection direction.
5. Select curve segments and edges by using options in the CHAIN menu. You can
select multiple chains. After you select a chain, choose Done Sel and proceed to
select the next chain. When finished selecting entities, choose CHAIN > Done.
Note: The curves that you select cannot lie on the surface onto which you will
project the curve.
6. Select the type of surface to project onto by choosing an option form the
PROJCRVREFS menu:
o Surfaces—Use the SURF SELECT and SURF OPTION menus to select the
surfaces or quilt onto which to project the curve. When finished selecting
surfaces, choose Done from the SURF SELECT menu.
o Datum Planes—Select or create datum planes onto which to project the

curve. Choose Select Plane or Make Plane from the GET DTMSEL menu.
7. The system brings up the PROJ TYPE menu. Select one of the following options,
followed by Done:
o Along Dir—Project the curve along the specified direction. Use options in
the GEN SEL DIR menu to specify the direction of projection. The options
are:
o Plane—Project the curve normal to a planar surface. Select a planar

surface or datum plane, or create a datum.
o Crv/Edg/Axis—Project the curve along the direction specified by an axis,

edge, or curve. Select an axis, edge, or curve segment. If the edge or curve
is not linear, select a datum point on it at which tangency will be
determined.
o Csys—Select an axis of the coordinate system as the projection direction.
The system displays a red arrow that indicates the direction. Use Flip to
toggle it, if necessary, then choose Okay.
o Norm to Surf—Project the curve normal to the reference surfaces.
8. Choose OK from the dialog box. Pro/ENGINEER projects the datum curve onto
the selected surface.
Datum Curves Through Points
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Curve Through Points (basic)

You can create a Thru Points datum curve as a spline, or a sequence of alternating
tangent lines and arcs.
2. Choose Thru Points, then Done.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
3. Pro/ENGINEER displays the Datum Curve dialog box with the following
elements:
o Attributes—Specify whether the curve should lie on a selected surface.
o Curve Points—Select points for the curve to connect.
o Tangency—(Optional) Set up tangency conditions for the curve.
Note: The Tangency element can be defined only if at least one end segment of
the curve is a spline.
o Tweak—(Optional) Modify the shape of the curve that goes through two
points by using the polyhedron manipulation.
4. Use the CONNECT TYPE menu options to select and connect points.
5. When finished, choose Done from the CONNECT TYPE menu to create the
curve, or Quit to abort the process.
6. To define tangency conditions, select the Tangency element and Define in the
dialog box. Use the options in the DEF TAN menu to define tangency at the ends
of the curve.
7. Specify the direction for the curve at this tangency location by choosing Flip or
Okay from the DIRECTION menu. The system displays an arrow at the end of
the curve.
8. If you created a datum curve through two points, you can "tweak" the curve in
3D space and dynamically update its shape. To manipulate the curve, choose the
Tweak element in the dialog box and click on Define.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Creating a Curve by Connecting Points

The CONNECT TYPE and DEF TAN menus are used to create a curve and define
tangency at the ends.
Using the CONNECT TYPE Menu
To create a curve, you select and connect points using options in the CONNECT
TYPE menu. The options are as follows:
o Spline—Construct a curve using a three-dimensional spline that passes
through the selected datum points and vertices.
o Single Rad—Construct a curve using the same radius through all the
bends.
o Multiple Rad—Construct a curve by specifying a radius for each bend.
Note: The Attributes element of the curve defined with either the Single Rad or
Multiple Rad option cannot be changed to On Surface.
o Single Point—Select individual datum points and vertices. You could have
created these points individually or as a datum point array.
29
o Whole Array—Select all the points in a Datum Point/Offset Csys

feature, in consecutive order.
o Add Point—Add to the definition of the curve an existing point, vertex, or

curve end through which the curve will pass.
o Delete Point—Delete from the definition of the curve an existing point,

vertex, or curve end through which the curve currently passes.
o Insert Point—Insert a point between already selected points, vertices, and

curve ends. This option modifies the curve definition to pass through the
inserted point. The system prompts you to select a point or vertex before
which to insert the point.
Note: You can add, delete, or insert points during the creation or redefinition of
the curve.
Using the DEF TAN Menu Options
Use the DEF TAN menu options to define tangency at the ends of the curve. The
o Start—Apply tangency condition at the start point of the curve. The system
displays a red point or circle cross-hair at the start of the curve.
o End—Apply tangency condition at the end point of the curve. The system
displays a red circle cross-hair at the endpoint of the curve.
o Crv/Edge/Axis—Select an edge, curve, or axis to specify tangency or

normal direction at the start or end point, as prompted.
o Create Axis—Create an axis to specify tangency or normal direction at the

start or end point using the DATUM AXIS menu.
o Surface—Select a surface or plane to specify the tangent or normal

direction.
o Srf Nrm Edge—Select a surface to which the curve will be tangent at its
start or end point. Select an edge of that surface to which the curve will be
perpendicular at its start or end point.
Note: The start or end point of the curve must lie on the surface edge used for
the normal reference.
o Clear—Remove the current tangency constraint at the selected end. To

have no tangency constraint at either end, choose Clear for both ends.
o Tangent—Make the curve tangent to the reference at this end.
o Normal—Make the curve normal to the reference at this end.
o Curvature—Set continuous curvature for the curve end where the

tangency condition is specified. Activate this option by placing a checkmark
in front of it. This makes the curvature at the end of the curve equal to that
of the connecting end of the tangent entity.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Curve Through Points that Lie on

a Surface
1. To create a curve that lies on a specific surface, redefine the Attributes element
in the dialog box. Choose Attributes and click Define.
2. Choose the On Surface option from the CRV TYPE menu, followed by Done.
The options in the CRV TYPE menu are:
o Free—Connect the points without requiring the curve to lie on a surface.

This option is set by default.
o On Surface—Create the curve so that it lies on a specific surface patch.

Specify the surface to which the curve will belong using options in the GET
SELECT menu. Select a surface or a datum plane.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Rules for Creating a Datum Curve with the On

Surface Option
Consider the following rules for a curve through points:
• The On Surface attribute does not apply to a curve defined with the Single Rad
or Multiple Rad option.
• Setting the On Surface attribute may conflict with some of the previous
conditions that you defined for that curve. For example, the points selected to
define the curve lie on the surface, and the tangency conditions must be possible
for the selected surface. When the system detects a conflict, it prompts you to
resolve it by removing invalid references.
• When you change the attribute from Free to On Surface, any tweaking of the
curve is removed.
Composite Datum Curves
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Composite Datum Curves

You can interactively create composite datum curves by combining several datum
curves, part edges, and surface feature edges.
Edges can be selected in any order. Selected references must either form one
continuous chain (with two open ends), or one closed loop (with no open ends).
Pro/ENGINEER creates individual curves "on top of" each entity and a single
composite curve on top of the combined individual curves.
Pro/ENGINEER combines each continuous chain of a new datum curve into a
composite curve with no redefinable start point. However, datum curves imported
using the From File option will likely have multiple chains.
Pro/ENGINEER does not automatically combine these into a composite curve, but you
can pick them to define a composite curve interactively. You can also create a
composite curve with a redefinable start point by using the Composite option.
31
When you pick a composite curve, the system highlights that entire curve. To select
an underlying edge or a component curve, use Query Sel.
It is good practice to create a composite curve out of individual components and use
this curve as a feature reference. The composite curve automatically updates when
its underlying segments are changed.
Subsequent sketcher entities cannot directly reference composite datum curves for
alignment. Instead, you must align these entities to the underlying curves that make
up the composite curves.
You can use the value of the trajectory parameter trajpar_of_pnt with composite
curves in relations to locate a specific point along the composite curve.
Typically, you can create composite curves that exactly follow the original curves and
edges with the CURV TYPE menu option Exact. Alternatively, you can use the
Approximate option from the CURV TYPE menu to create composite curves that
approximate a chain of tangent (C1 continuous) curves by a single continuous
curvature (C2 continuous) spline.
When you use the option Approximate, the new approximate curve always
maintains the same endpoint and tangency at the endpoint as the original curve that
it approximates.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create an Exact Composite Datum Curve

The Exact option lets you use the underlying curves exactly as they are, without
approximation.
1. Choose Datum > Curve > Composite and Done.
2. A feature creation dialog box appears with the following elements:
o Attributes—Specify whether you want to create an exact or approximate

curve.
o References—Specify geometric references.
3. Choose CURV TYPE > Exact.
4. Use the CHAIN menu options to select a chain of curves and edges to be used as
geometric references. When finished defining a chain, choose Done from the
CHAIN menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Redefining and Naming Composite Datum Curves

You can redefine a composite curve from Exact to Approximate, or vice versa.
When you attempt to redefine a composite curve from Exact to Approximate, the
system checks if the curve is tangent. If the selected curve is tangent within 5
degrees, Pro/ENGINEER approximates it by a continuous curvature spline If it is not,
the system aborts the redefinition process.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Redefining or replacing sketcher entities used as references for a composite curve

causes the curve to fail regeneration. To minimize the possibility of such a problem,
redefine the curve references to exclude the missing entity, then add the new entity
to the composite curve after it has regenerated.
Naming Composite Curves
You can treat single curve entities as independent features, and do such things as
name them or place them on layers.
To add a name to a composite curve, use Set Up, Name, and Feature, then pick
the curve.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create an Approximate Composite Datum Curve

Use the Approximate option to create a chain of tangent curves by a single
continuous curvature spline. Pro/ENGINEER replaces multiple discrete segments of a
curve with a single, smooth curve.
1. Choose Datum > Curve > Composite > Done.
2. A feature creation dialog box appears with the following elements:
o Attributes—Specify whether you want to create an exact or approximate

curve.
o References—Specify geometric references.
3. Choose CURV TYPE > Approximate.
4. Use the CHAIN menu options to select a chain of curves and edges to be used as
geometric references. For an approximate curve, you must select a chain of
tangent curves/edges. When finished defining a chain, choose Done from the
CHAIN menu.
If you sweep along the approximate curve or blend a surface, the resulting surface
maintains the curvature continuity and, therefore, does not have any breaks in it.
If you choose Approximate, you can select a chain of edges or curves to be
approximated by a continuous curvature spline. If the selected chain is tangent
within 5 degrees, Pro/ENGINEER approximates it by a continuous curvature spline.
Otherwise, the system highlights the points of discontinuity and you can either
reselect the chain or abort the feature creation.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Using Approximate Curves

Before you create approximate curves, you should be aware of the benefits and
cautions of using them.
If you sweep along the approximate curve or blend a surface, the resulting surface
maintains the curvature continuity and, therefore, does not have any breaks in it.
When you use an approximate composite curve as a reference for a surface blend
from boundary, you create a single surface patch, with the following benefits:
33
• Remove small surfaces from the design, preventing the occurrence of small
edges and misalignment that characterize small patches.
• Create a single surface with continuous curvature.
• Attain better surface aesthetics.
Because an approximate curve is an approximation, the new curve does not exactly
follow the original edges and curves. Therefore, you could have the following
problems:
• Gaps between the original reference and the approximate curve, which prohibits
Merge by joining or intersecting of surfaces.
For example, a surface that is swept along the approximate curve might not
attach directly to the original surface, so the two surfaces cannot be quilted
together.
The solution to this problem is to extend one or both surfaces so they intersect.
However, the surfaces might never intersect, such as when the surface normals
are parallel.
Alternatively, do not use the Approximate option if you need to merge the
corresponding surfaces.
• No reference to the original edge and surface.
For instance, this prevents you from creating a sweep feature that references the
edge and surface normal.
One solution to this problem is to create a variable section sweep using the Pivot
Dir option. This also prevents you from creating a variable section sweep feature
with tangency to the surface.
• Undesired inflection in the approximate curve.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Select a Chain of Edges and Curves

1. The system displays the CHAIN menu.
2. Select the chain type and pick the defining entities. The CHAIN menu options are
as follows:
• One By One—Define a chain by selecting individual edges and curves, including

composite curves, one at a time. You can select the edges or curves in any order.
• Tangnt Chain—Define a chain by selecting an edge, including all the edges

tangent to this edge.
• Curve Chain—Define a chain by selecting a curve. Use the CHAIN OPT menu
options to select additional curves, including composite curves. The CHAIN OPT
menu options are as follows:
o Select All—Select all curves that are connected to the currently selected
loop in the same feature.
34
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
o From-To—Select the from and to vertices or curve ends. The system

highlights the vertices of the loop in green. Once both are selected, the
system prompts you to pick the portion of the loop to keep, using the
CHOOSE menu options Accept and Next.
• Bndry Chain—Define a chain by selecting a quilt and using its one-sided edges.
If the quilt has more than one loop, select a specific loop to define the chain. The
system displays the CHAIN OPT menu. Choose either Select All or From-To.
• Surf Chain—Define a chain by selecting a surface and using its edges. If the
surface has more than one loop, select a specific loop to define the chain. The
system displays the CHAIN OPT menu. Choose either Select All or From-To.
• Intent Chain—Define a chain by selecting a predefined collection of edges in the

model.
• Two Points—(This option is available only for surfaces from boundaries.)

Connect two points to create a curve and specify tangency conditions for this
curve using options in the DEF TAN menu. The options are as follows:
o Start—Specify tangency at the start of the curve.
o End—Specify tangency at the end of the curve.
o Crv/Edge/Axis—Select an edge, curve, or axis to specify the tangency

direction at the start or end point.
o Create Axis—Create an axis to specify the tangency direction at the start

or end point.
o Surface—Select a surface on which the start or end point of the datum

curve will lie and to which the created curve will be tangent. The curve
pivots so as to follow its natural direction, while remaining tangent to the
surface.
o Curvature—Set continuous curvature for the curve end where the

tangency condition is specified. Activate this option by placing a checkmark
in front of it. This makes the curvature at the end of the curve equal to that
of the connecting end of the tangent entity.
o Srf Nrm Edge—Select a surface on which the datum curve’s start or end
point will lie and to which the created curve will be both tangent to the
surface and normal to one of the surface boundaries.
o Clear—Clear the tangency conditions.
• Select—Select a chain by using options in the CHAIN menu.
• Unselect—Remove a curve or edge from the current selection for a chain. For
chain types other than One By One, use the CONFIRMATION menu to confirm
or cancel the Unselect command. For the chain type One By One, select the
curves or edges to remove from the chain.
35
• Trim/Extend—Trim or extend the chain ends. Use the CHOOSE menu to

determine the end to be processed. The system displays the TRIM/EXTEND
menu, which lists the following options:
o Enter Length—Trim or extend by a specified amount. Enter a negative

value to shorten the curve, or a positive value to extend the curve.
Note: A negative value is not allowed for trimming a spline curve.
o Drag—Use the mouse to adjust the chain end interactively (the left button
finalizes the position, the middle button aborts the move, and the right
button toggles between pausing or continuing the operation).
o Trim At—Trim the end segment of the curve using the TRIM AT menu.
Choose Point to trim to a specified point (such as a datum point, vertex, or
curve end. Choose Curve to trim to an intersecting datum curve. Choose
Surface to trim to an intersecting surface or datum plane.
• Start Point—Select the start point of the chain.
3. When you have finished, choose Done from the lower part of the CHAIN menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Select an Intent Chain

1. Click CHAIN > Intent Chain.
2. Select one edge on the model. An intent chain associated with that edge is
highlighted. Also, any other intent chains associated with that edge appear in the
dialog box.
3. Select the intent chain you want.
Note: To select intent chains in models created before Release 2000i2, you must
first update the model by setting the configuration file option logical_objects to
yes and regenerating the model using Regen Info from the Info menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Select an Intent Surface

1. Click SURF OPTIONS > Intent Surfs.
2. Select one side on the model. An intent surface associated with that side is
highlighted. Also, any other intent surfaces associated with that side appear in
the dialog box.
3. Select the intent surface you want.
Note: To select intent surfaces in models created before Release 2000i2, you must
first update the model by setting the configuration file option logical_objects to
yes and regenerating the model using Regen Info from the Info menu.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Intent Chain and Intent Surfs

The Intent Chain and Intent Surfs options are a way to select multiple associated
edges or surfaces in a model. These options are available on the CHAIN menu (for
Intent Chain) and on the SURF OPTIONS menu (for Intent Surfs).
When you create a protrusion, you start with a sketched section or a surface and
then extrude that section or surface. Intent chains and Intent surfaces exist within
this protrusion.
Also, when there is an intersection of a feature or surface, the edges created by that
intersection can form an intent chain.
Intent chains
There are three basic sets of intent chains:

• START EDGES—The edges around the portion of the protrusion containing the
original sketched section.
• END EDGES—The edges around the side of the protrusion where the section
ended its path.
• SIDE EDGES—The edges that appear as a result of the path of the protrusion.
These edges exist from the start edges to the end edges.
In some cases, there are also other sets of intent chains:

• START INTERNAL EDGES—For an extruded quilt, the edges that appear at the
beginning of the extrusion of the internal edges.
• END INTERNAL EDGES—For an extruded quilt, the edges that appear at the
end of the extrusion of the internal edges.
Intent surfaces
There are three sets of intent surfaces:

• START SRFS—The side of the protrusion containing the original sketched section
or surface.
• END SRFS—The side of the protrusion where the section or surface ended its
path.
• SIDE SRFS—The sides of the protrusion between the start surface and the end
surface.
Note: If you create a feature based on an intent chain or surface, and the underlying
edge or side changes, the feature based on the intent chain will not fail regeneration.
Only the intent object will fail, but when you rebuild the intent object, all the
associated geometry will reappear.
37
Coordinate Systems
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Coordinate Systems in Part Modeling

Coordinate systems are reference features that can be added to parts and
assemblies to do the following:
• Calculate mass properties.
• Assemble components.
• Place constraints for Finite Element Analysis (FEA).
• Provide manufacturing operation reference for tool paths.
• Use as a reference for locating other features (coordinate systems, datum points,
planes and axes, imported geometry, and so on).
Cartesian, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinate Systems
Pro/ENGINEER always displays coordinate systems with an X-, Y-, and Z-axis. When
referencing a coordinate system to make other features (for example, a datum point
array), the system can interpret the coordinate system in three ways:
• Cartesian—The system interprets the coordinate values as X, Y, and Z.
• Cylindrical—The system interprets the coordinate values as radius, theta (θ),

and Z.
• Spherical—The system interprets the coordinate values as radius, theta (θ), and
phi (φ).
The following figure illustrates how these values are applied to the standard X, Y,
and Z coordinate system.
Cartesian
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Cylindrical
Spherical
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Coordinate System (basic)

1. Choose Datum > Csys or click the csys button on the datums toolbar.
2. Choose one of the following: 3 Planes, Pnt + 2Axes, 2 Axes,

Pln + 2Axes, Orig + ZAxis, From File, or Default. Then choose Done.
3. Select the appropriate geometry. If an axis selection is required, the system
displays the SET AXIS menu. The SET AXIS menu lists the following options:
o Entity/Edge—Select a datum axis, straight edge, or straight curve.
o Plane Norm—Use the normal to a plane. This option is not available while
the origin is undefined.
o 2 Points—Select two points to define a vector.
o Orig + Pnt—Use the coordinate system origin and a point to define a

vector. This option is not available while the origin is undefined. Note that
whenever a point is required, you can select a datum point, vertex, curve
end, or another coordinate system.
4. Except for Orig + ZAxis, once you select all the entities successfully, the system
draws three arrows at the origin of the coordinate system, indicating the default
direction of the axes. One of the arrows is red. The system displays the COORD
SYS menu, which allows you to specify the orientation and direction of an axis.
The choices are as follows:
39
o X-Axis—Set the highlighted arrow to be the X-axis.
o Y-Axis—Set the highlighted arrow to be the Y-axis.
o Z-Axis—Set the highlighted arrow to be the Z-axis.
o Next—Highlight another arrow (without designating the current one).
o Previous—Highlight the previous arrow (without designating the current

one.
o Reverse—Reverse the direction of the highlighted arrow.
5. Choose which axis you want the red arrow to represent.
6. The red arrow shifts to another axis. Repeat the process for the second axis.
7. Pro/ENGINEER creates the coordinate system. The system determines the

direction of the third axis using the right-hand rule.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Creating a Coordinate System

Normally, you can create only a single coordinate system, then you have to redo the
menu picks Datum > Csys, and so on. If you set the configuration file option
repeat_datum_create to yes, you can to continue to make the same type of datum
feature until you choose to end the process.
You use the following options to reference model geometry:
• 3 Planes—Select three planes (planar surfaces or datum planes), with their
intersection as the origin of the coordinate system. The planes do not have to be
orthogonal—the normal to the first plane selected defines a direction for one axis,
the normal for the second direction defines the approximate direction for another
axis, and the system determines the third axis using the right-hand rule.
• Pnt + 2Axes—Select a point as the origin, then define the direction of one
coordinate axis. The third pick defines the orientation of a plane through the
origin and the first axis (the plane will be parallel to the second axis). If you
select a coordinate system as the origin (the first pick for Pnt + 2Axes), the
system displays the TRANS DIR menu. This menu allows you to translate the
origin of the new coordinate system with respect to the old one.
• 2 Axes—Set the origin at the intersection of the two axes, then define the
orientation of a plane through the origin and the first axis (the plane will be
parallel to the second axis).
• Offset—Create a coordinate system by offsetting from a reference coordinate

system. Select a coordinate system to offset from. To specify the location of the
new coordinate system, use the Translate or Rotate option from the MOVE
menu.
• Offs By View—Create a coordinate system that is orthogonal to the screen (Z-

axis normal to the screen and pointing at you) by offsetting from a reference
coordinate system. The system asks you to select the reference coordinate
40
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
system and then prompts you to specify two rotation angles and an additional
translation.
• Pln + 2Axes—Define the origin as the intersection of the plane and the first
selected axis. The third pick defines the orientation of a plane through the origin
and the first axis (the plane will be parallel to the second axis).
• Orig + ZAxis—Select a point as the origin, then define the direction of the Z-axis
first. Define the direction of the
X-axis. The system determines the Y-axis using the right- hand rule.
• From File—Use a data file to construct a new coordinate system relative to an
existing coordinate system.
• Default—Use a default location for the coordinate system. If the base feature is
a solid feature, the default location is the anchor point of the section belonging to
that feature. The X-axis will point right along the section horizontal, while the Y-
axis will point up along the section vertical. The Z-axis is created using the right
hand rule.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create an Offset Coordinate System

1. Choose Datum > Csys or click the csys button on the datums toolbar.
2. Choose one of the following options in the OPTIONS menu and choose Done:
o Offset—Create a coordinate system that is offset from another.
o Offs By View—Create a coordinate system whose XY-plane lies in the

plane of the screen and whose origin is offset from another, but lies in the
same plane (which is parallel to screen when the coordinate system is
created).
3. Select a reference coordinate system by picking on its name.
4. Choose Translate or Rotate from the MOVE menu.
5. Select a translation or rotation axis from the corresponding menu. Enter the
values for the offset and angle.
6. Repeat Steps 5 and 6 as many times as desired. The process has a cumulative
effect.
7. When you have finished, choose Done from the MOVE menu to create the
coordinate system with the specified offset, or Quit to abort the creation of the
coordinate system.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Coordinate System from a File

A coordinate system that is created using a transformation matrix uses a data file to
construct a new coordinate system relative to an existing coordinate system. The file
data defines two vectors, as follows:
• The first vector specifies the X-axis direction.
41
• The second vector, which is in the XY-plane (in the general direction of the new
Y-axis), determines the new coordinate system origin. Pro/ENGINEER constructs
the Z-axis using the right-hand rule.
The following figure illustrates the transformation of the coordinate system:

Coordinate System Transformation
The X-axis direction is determined from the matrix file and is then translated to the
new coordinate system origin.
The XY-plane is constructed from the second vector in the file and translated to the
new coordinate system origin.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Transformation File Format

The transformation file, with the name filename.trf, has the following format:
Transformation File Format
42
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
a. Determines the X-axis direction.
b. Determines the vector that lies in the XY-plane and the general direction of the Y-
axis.
c. Can be anything, because the Z-axis is determined using the right hand rule.
d. Translation coordinate locates the origin of the new coordinate system.
For example, the file below creates a new coordinate system with the origin at (200,
0, 150), as determined from the reference coordinate system. The new X-axis is
pointing in the negative X-direction and the new Y-axis is pointing in the positive Z-
direction, all relative to the reference coordinate system.
Sample Transformation File
Graphs
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Graphs

A graph feature allows you to associate a function with the part. Graphs are intended
for use in relations, especially in multi-trajectory sweeps.
Pro/ENGINEER usually evaluates a graph feature for its defined X-axis values. When
the graph is evaluated beyond the defined range, Pro/ENGINEER extrapolates the Y-
axis values.
The system calculates the extrapolated value for values of X lower than the initial
value by extending a tangent line back from the initial point.
Similarly, the system calculates the extrapolated value for values of X greater than
the final value by extending a tangent line out from the final point.
A graph feature is not displayed anywhere on the part—it is not part geometry. Its
existence is reflected in the part information. Use Sel By Menu to pick the name of
the graph feature.
You can view or modify existing graph features using the Modify and Redefine
commands.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Graph

1. Choose Datum > Graph.
2. Enter a name for the graph.
43
3. Sketch the graph. The section must be open and can contain only one contour
(chain) that can consist of lines, arcs, splines, and so on. Each point along the X-
axis can have only one corresponding Y value.
4. Create a coordinate system.
5. Choose Done to exit Sketcher. Pro/ENGINEER creates the graph feature.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Graph

Valid graph
Invalid graph
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Redefine a Graph

Redefining a graph feature allows you to change its name as well as its section.
1. Choose Redefine from the FEAT menu.
2. Select the graph feature using the options Sel By Menu and Name. Select the
name from the NAMES menu.
3. The system prompts you to enter a new name for the graph. You can enter a new
name without invalidating relations. To keep the same name, press ENTER.
4. Choose one of the following options from the REDEFINE menu, followed by
Done:
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
o Section—Redefine the section of the graph. This allows you to modify

sketcher geometry.
o Scheme—Redefine the dimensioning scheme for the graph.
5. Modify the section or dimensioning scheme.
Evaluate Features
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About an Evaluate Feature

Use the Evaluate option in the DATUM menu to create an evaluate feature. An
Evaluate feature consists of one or more parameters, each of which gets its value
from a measurement you perform on the model.
These measurement parameter values are updated when you regenerate the feature.
The Evaluate option is available in Part, Assembly, Manufacturing, Mold, and Dieface
modes.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create an Evaluate Feature

Note: The Evaluate option on the DATUM menu is available when the configuration
file option allow_anatomic_features is set to yes.
1. Choose Evaluate from the DATUM menu.
2. Enter a name for the evaluate feature. The system displays the MEASURE
PARAM menu with the following options:
Create—Create and name a measurement parameter. When you name the

measurement, the system displays the GET MEASURE menu. The options are as
follows:
o Edg/Crv Len—Measure an edge or a curve length using the GET SELECT

menu.
o Edg/Crv Curv—Measure the curvature of an edge or curve at a point on

the edge or curve using the GET SELECT menu.
o Angle—Measure the angle between two selected planes, axes, planar

edges, and curves.
o Distance—Measure the distance between any combination of two points,

vertices, planes, axes, and coordinate systems using the FROM and TO
menus.
o Area—Measure a surface or quilt area using the

EVAL AREA menu.
o Diameter—Measure the surface diameter of any revolved surface of a part.
o Min Radius—Measure the minimum radius of any revolved surface using

the MIN RADIUS and GET SELECT menus. The system places a red circle
or cross hair marker temporarily at a location on the minimum radius.
45
o Srf Clearance—Measure the clearance between two surfaces.
Delete—Delete an existing measurement parameter.
Redo—Redefine a measurement parameter.
Info—Display measurement information for all the parameters.
Show—Highlight the references of the selected measurement parameters.
3. Choose Create from the MEASURE PARAM menu and name the measurement
parameter.
4. Choose the GET MEASURE option.
5. When you have made all the desired measurements, choose Done from the
MEASURE PARAM menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Using Relations with an Evaluate Feature

Using relations, the Evaluate feature is used to create features in other models that
are dependent on the measurement parameters.
Use one of the following formats to access measurement values in relations:
measurement_name:fid_N
...or...
measurement_name:fid_feature_name
In these formats, measurement_name is the name of the measurement within the

evaluate feature, N is the internal feature identifier number (obtained by using Info),
and feature_name is the name of the evaluate feature.
Extruded Features
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About an Extruded Feature

The Extrude option in the SOLID OPTS menu creates a feature that is formed by
projecting the section straight away from the sketching plane.
It is the most basic and frequently-used form option.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create an Extruded Feature

1. Choose SOLID OPTS > Extrude > Done.
2. Specify the location of the extruded feature with respect to the sketching plane.
The choices are as follows:
o One Side—Specify the depth of the feature to one side of the sketching
plane.
o Both Sides—Specify depth for both sides of the sketching plane separately.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
3. Specify the sketching plane.
4. Specify the direction of feature creation.
5. Orient the sketching plane.
6. The system places you in Sketcher. Select model references for placing the
section.
7. Sketch the section, then choose Done.
8. If prompted, specify the side to add or remove material using Flip and Okay.
9. Define the Depth element.
10. Click OK in the dialog box.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Thin Extruded Feature

1. Choose SOLID > Protrusion > Extrude > Thin > Done.
2. Choose One Side or Both Sides.
3. Select a sketching plane and orient the section.
4. Sketch the feature section. Remember that thickness is being added

automatically, so you can use a simplified "stick figure" approach to the sketch.
5. Choose a thin feature direction using the THIN OPT menu.
6. Enter the thickness of the thin section.
7. Choose a depth option and enter a depth, if required.
Note: If an endpoint of the sketched feature terminates on a part vertex that causes
ambiguity, you must select the terminating edge or surface for the highlighted
endpoint of the sketched section.
Otherwise, the thin feature will be terminated with its end face normal to the
sketched section—it will not follow the part contour.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Attributes of an Extruded Feature

If you choose One Side, the feature starts from the sketching plane and is extruded
in the direction of feature creation according to the selected depth option.
If you choose Both Sides, for options other than Blind, you must define the from
and to sides of the feature. Which side is considered "from" or "to" depends on the
direction of feature creation.
Note the following rules for the "both sides" features:
• For a Blind feature, the depth you enter is divided symmetrically by the
sketching plane.
• The system applies the through options with respect to the sketching plane. For
example, if you select Thru Next from the SPEC FROM menu, the system looks
47
for the next valid surface from the sketching plane, in the direction opposite to
the direction of feature creation.
• Up to options allow you to locate the feature completely aside from the sketching
plane. They also allow you to use vertices, edges, datum planes, and non-planar
surfaces as termination references.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Open and Closed Sections for Extruded

Features
Extruded sections can be open or closed. Note the following:
• Open sections cannot have more than one loop. All open ends should be explicitly
aligned to the part edges.
• Closed sections may consist of one or more closed outside loops, or of one
outside loop with one or more inside loops. In the last case, Pro/ENGINEER takes
the largest loop as the outside, and each other loop is considered to be a hole in
the large loop. The loops must not intersect each other.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Specify the Depth Attribute

When you define the Depth attribute of a feature (for example, a protrusion, cut,
slot, hole, or surface feature), the SPEC TO (or SPEC FROM) menu appears with
the following options:
• Blind—Enter a dimension for the feature depth. You can then control the feature
depth by changing the depth dimension.
• 2 Side Blind—For a feature defined as Both Sides, enter a separate depth value
for each side with respect to the sketching plane.
• Thru Next—Terminate the feature at the next part surface.
• Thru All—The new feature intersects all surfaces.
• Thru Until—Extend the feature until the intersection with the specified surface.
• Pnt/Vtx—Specify the depth up to a plane parallel to the sketching plane, and

passing through the selected datum point or vertex.
• UpTo Curve—Specify the depth up to a plane parallel to the sketching plane,

and passing through the selected edge, axis, or datum curve.
• UpTo Surface—Specify the depth up to a selected surface.
Notes:
• A blind feature has a user-defined depth dimension that governs its depth.
• A 2 Side Blind feature has two depth dimensions with respect to the sketching
plane.
• In the special case of a sketched blind hole, the depth is indicated in the feature
section.
48
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 The "Through" Options

The system creates a "through" feature from the placement surface until its
intersection with the specified termination surface.
Consider the following rules for using the through options:
o For all through intersections, the feature being created must lie entirely
within the surface (or quilt) on which it is terminated.
o When you use the Thru Until option for an extruded feature, the feature
cannot terminate on a datum plane. Use the
UpTo Surface option to select the terminating datum.
o When you use the THRU UNTIL option for a blend, you can select a datum
plane to terminate the feature, but the datum plane must be parallel to the
sketching plane.
o Protrusions created with the THRU NEXT option cannot terminate on a

datum plane.
o Thru Next, Thru Until, and Thru All are not available when you create
surface features.
o Thru All is available for protrusions only if the part has existing geometry.
Some tips for using the "through" options:

o Use a through option (Thru All, Thru Until, or Thru Next) when you want
the feature to terminate on a specified surface.
o Use Thru Next when the feature should stop at the first surface it reaches.
o Use Thru All when the feature should stop at the last surface it reaches.
o Use Thru Until when you want to pick the termination surface.
o Through features do not have a parameter associated with the extrusion

depth. Modifying the terminating surface alters the depth of the feature.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 The "Up To" Options

The UpTo options are available for extruded (protrusions, cuts, and slots), revolved,
and surface features.
When you use the UpTo Surface option, you can select an existing surface or create
a datum plane. Choose the desired method by selecting one of the following options:
o Select Surf—Select any part surface, quilt (composed of one or more
surfaces), or datum plane.
o Make Datum—Create a datum plane be used as an Up To reference.
For solid features, you can select the surfaces of the following types:
o Another part surface, which need not be planar
o A datum plane, which need not be parallel to the sketching plane
49
o Quilt composed of one or more surfaces
When creating features in Assembly mode, you can select geometry of another
component as references for the UpTo options.
Using a quilt as the terminating surface allows you to create features intersecting
with multiple surfaces. This is very useful for creating patterns consisting of multiple
terminating surfaces.
Revolved Features
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Revolved Features

The Revolve option creates a feature by revolving the sketched section around a
centerline.
A revolved feature can be created either entirely on one side of the sketching plane,
or symmetrically on both sides of the sketching plane.
To create or redefine a revolved feature, specify the elements in the following order:
• Attributes
• Section
• Direction
• Angle
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Revolved Feature

1. Choose SOLID OPTS > Revolve > Done.
2. Specify the feature attributes. The choices are as follows:
o One Side—Specify the depth of the feature to one side of the sketching
plane.
o Both Sides—Specify depth for both sides of the sketching plane separately.
3. Specify the sketching plane.
4. Specify the direction of feature creation.
5. Orient the sketching plane.
6. The system places you in Sketcher. Select model references for placing the
section.
7. Sketch the section, starting with a centerline, then click Done.
8. Specify the angle of revolution and click Done.
50
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Sketching the Revolved Feature Section

To create a revolved section, create a centerline and the geometry that will be
revolved about that centerline.
Rules for sketching a revolved feature:
• The revolved section must have a centerline.
• The geometry must be sketched on only one side of the axis of revolution.
• If you use more than one centerline in the sketch, Pro/ENGINEER uses the first
centerline sketched as the axis of rotation.
• The section must be closed.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Specifying the Angle of Revolution

Use the options in the REV TO menu to specify the angle of revolution of the
feature, and whether that angle is to be measured entirely on one side of the
sketching plane, or symmetrically on both sides of the sketching plane. The options
are as follows:
• Variable—Specify any angle of revolution less than 360 degrees. The angle is
controlled by a dimension that the system displays when you modify the part,
and in drawings. A corresponding dimension will not appear if you choose a
preset angle.
• 90—Create the feature with a fixed angle of 90 degrees.
• UpTo Pnt/Vtx—Create the revolved feature up to a point or vertex. The

revolved feature ends when the section plane reaches the point or vertex (see
the next illustration).
• UpTo Plane—Create the revolved feature up to an existing plane or planar

surface that must contain the axis of revolution. If you are revolving to a datum
plane, identify the plane and use the flip arrow to indicate on which side of the
axis of revolution to stop revolving when the feature reaches the datum plane (as
it is created in the direction of revolution). The feature ends when its revolving
section plane reaches the plane. If you are revolving to a non-datum plane
surface, indicate the side by the location at which you select the surface as a
reference (see the next illustration).
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Attributes of a Revolved Feature

The ATTRIBUTES menu elements One Side and Both Sides are available for all
but the first feature. For Both Sides (see the next illustration), the feature will be
revolved symmetrically in each direction for one half of the angle specified in the
OPTIONS menu, whether preset or variable.
51
Revolved Cut or Slot—Both Sides Option
1. Axis of revolution
2. Sketching plane
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Revolved Feature

In the next illustration, the revolve feature is created using the UpTo Plane option
by selecting DTM1. Depending on the direction of the axis of revolution, you will get
two different results.
Creating a Revolve Feature with UpTo Plane
Direction of the axis of revolution is the same as the direction of feature creation.
2. Direction of feature creation
52
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
3. Section
Direction of the axis of revolution is opposite the direction of feature creation.
2. Direction of feature creation
3. Section
Revolve Cut or Slot
Before:
1. Section
53
After:
Advanced Features
Sweeps
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Sweeps

A sweep is created by sketching or selecting a trajectory and then sketching a
section to follow along it. You can create more advanced sweeps using the
Advanced option.
Rules for Defining a Trajectory
A constant section sweep can use either a trajectory sketched at the time of feature
creation or a trajectory made up of selected datum curves or edges. As a general
rule, the trajectory must have adjacent reference surfaces or be planar.
When you define a sweep, the system checks the specified trajectory for validity and
establishes normal surfaces. A normal surface is the surface whose normal is used to
establish the Y-axis of the trajectory. When ambiguity exists, the system prompts
you to select a normal surface.
Depending on the type of chain selected as a trajectory, the system behaves as
follows:
o All chain segments reference edges—The normal surfaces are the adjacent
surfaces of the edges. If the edges are two-sided, the system prompts you
to choose one set of surfaces.
o All chain segments reference entities that belong to a datum curve, created
by referencing surfaces (for example, by using the Projected option)—The
normal surfaces are reference surfaces of the curve. If the curve references
two sets of surfaces, the system prompts you to choose one.
o All chain segments reference a sketched datum curve—the normal surface

is the sketching plane of the curve.
o The chain of edges/curves is planar (other than a straight line)—The normal

surface is the plane defined by the chain.
54
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
o Datum curves that you select for the trajectory must be created with one of
the following options:
Sketch
Intr. Surfs
Use Xsec
Projected
Formed
OffsetfromSrf
2 Projections from any curve that lies in a plane
Consider the following special cases:

o If a datum curve and its adjacent surfaces were bent by a toroidal bend
feature, you can use that curve as a trajectory.
o If you extend the chain with Trim/Extend in the CHAIN menu, the system
accepts that chain if it is planar.
Note that a sweep may fail if

o A trajectory crosses itself
o You align or dimension a section to fixed entities, but the orientation of the
section changes when its is swept along the 3-dimensional trajectory
o An arc or a spline radius is too small, relative to the section, and the
feature intersects itself traversing around the arc.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Swept Feature

1. Use the command sequence Feature, Create, Solid, Protrusion.
2. Choose Sweep and Done from the SOLID OPTS menu.
3. Pro/ENGINEER displays the feature creation dialog box for sweeps.
4. Sketch or select the trajectory using a SWEEP TRAJ menu option. The trajectory
can be open or closed. The options are as follows:
o Sketch Traj—Sketch the sweep trajectory using Sketcher mode.
o Select Traj—Select a chain of existing curves or edges as the sweep

trajectory. The CHAIN menu allows you to select the desired trajectory.
5. If the trajectory lies in more than one surface, such as a trajectory defined by a
datum curve created using Intr. Surfs, the system prompts you to select a
normal surface for the sweep cross section. Pro/ENGINEER orients the Y-axis of
the cross section to be normal to this surface along the trajectory.
6. Create or retrieve the section to be swept along the trajectory and dimension it
relative to the crosshairs displayed on the trajectory. Choose Done.
55
7. If the trajectory is open (the start and end points of the trajectory do not touch
and you are creating a solid sweep, choose an option from the ATTRIBUTES
menu, then Done. The options are as follows:
o Merge Ends—Merge the ends of the sweep, if possible, into the adjacent
solid. To do this, the sweep endpoint must be attached to part geometry.
o Free Ends—Do not attach the sweep end to adjacent geometry.
8. If the sweep trajectory is closed, choose one of the following SWEEP OPT menu
options and Done:
o Add Inn Fcs—For open sections, add top and bottom faces to close the
swept solid (planar, closed trajectory, and open section). The resulting
feature consists of surfaces created by sweeping the section and has two
planar surfaces that cap the open ends.
o No Inn Fcs—Do not add top and bottom faces.
9. Choose Flip, if desired, then Okay from the DIRECTION menu to select the side
from which to remove material for swept cuts.
10. Select OK in the dialog box to create the sweep.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Sweep Geometry

The sweep will have a mitered corner if the trajectory has straight line segments that
form an angle (see the following illustration).
Sweep with Mitered Corner
1 Angles in sweep trajectories create sweep corners
Non-Tangent Trajectory Segments

Sweeps can be made along trajectories consisting of non-tangent entities. However,
as the section is swept along, the resulting geometry should not have any gaps. This
is shown in the following illustration.
Sweeping Along Non-Tangent Entities
56
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Correct Sweep
1 Trajectory
Incorrect Sweep
1. Trajectory
2. Gap in the sweep geometry
Three-Dimensional Sweeps
With Pro/FEATURE, sweeps can be created along a three-dimensional path with a
three-dimensional spline for the sweep trajectory. That is, Pro/FEATURE allows you
to modify the Z-coordinates of spline points. All other Sketcher entities must lie on a
two-dimensional sketching plane.
In all other respects, three-dimensional sweeps are created in the same way as two-
dimensional sweeps. For such applications as creating springs, you can also create
an advanced feature helical sweep by sweeping a section along a helical trajectory.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Sweeps

Solid Sweeps with Closed Trajectories
Closed Trajectory, No Inn Fcs. Section must be closed.
57
Closed Trajectory, Add Inn Fcs. Section must be open.
Note: When creating a surface sweep with a closed trajectory, the No Inn Fcs
option may be used with an open or closed section, but the Add Inn Fcs option
requires only an open section.
Constant Section Sweep
A constant section sweep can use either a trajectory sketched at the time of feature
creation or a trajectory made up of selected datum curves or edges. As a general
rule, the trajectory must have adjacent reference surfaces, or be planar.
58
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
The following figure illustrates a constant section sweep.
a. Sweep uses as a trajectory a datum curve created from the intersection of two
surfaces.
A sweep may fail if

• A trajectory crosses itself
• You align or dimension a section to fixed entities, but the orientation of the
section changes when its is swept along the 3-dimensional trajectory
• An arc or a spline radius is too small, relative to the section, and the feature
intersects itself traversing around the arc (see the following illustration)
Self-Intersecting Feature
a. Trajectory (Radius 1.0)
b. Section (Radius 1.5)
59
Free and Merged Ends
a. Merged ends
b. Free ends
c. The trajectory ends at intersection with solid geometry, but the sweep end is
unattached.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Three-Dimensional Sweep

1. Create a two-dimensional spline and dimension it to a Sketcher coordinate
system.
2. Modify the X-, Y-, and Z-coordinates for one or more spline points. You can
modify the spline coordinates manually, or by using a spline definition file.
Note: You cannot modify coordinates of the spline if its endpoints are attached to
other entities in the sketch.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Three-Dimensional Sweep

Spring Created from a 3-D Spline
a. 3-D spline
b. Cross section
60
Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Blends
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Blends

A blended feature consists of a series of at least two planar sections that
Pro/ENGINEER joins together at their edges with transitional surfaces to form a
continuous feature.
Blends with parallel sections can be created in basic Pro/ENGINEER, but the
Pro/FEATURE and Pro/SURFACE modules are required to create blends from non-
parallel sections.
Blend Types
• Parallel—All blend sections lie on parallel planes in one section sketch.
• Rotational—Blend sections are rotated about the Y-axis, up to a maximum of

120 degrees. Each section is sketched individually and aligned using the
coordinate system of the section.
• General—Sections of a general blend can be rotated about and translated along

the X-, Y-, and Z-axes. Each section is sketched individually, and aligned using
the coordinate system of the section.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Blend (basic)

1. Choose Feature > Create > Solid > Protrusion > Blend > Solid or Thin >
Done.
2. Choose options from the BLEND OPTS menu, then Done. The BLEND OPTS
menu options are as follows:
o Parallel—All blend sections lie on parallel planes in one section sketch.
o Rotational—The blend sections are rotated about the Y-axis, up to a

maximum of 120°. Each section is sketched individually and aligned using
the coordinate system of the section.
o General—The sections of a general blend can be rotated about and

translated along the X-, Y-, and Z-axes. Each section is sketched
individually and aligned using the coordinate system of the section.
o Regular Sec—The feature uses the sketching plane.
o Project Sec—The feature uses the projection of the section on the selected
surface. This option is used for parallel blends only.
o Select Sec—Select section entities. This option is not available for parallel
blends.
o Sketch Sec—Sketch section entities.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Techniques Common to All Blend Types

Consider these techniques for creating blends.
Blend Sections
With the exception of capping a blend, blends must always have the same number of
entities in each section. It is possible to make surfaces of non-parallel blends and
parallel smooth blends disappear using Blend Vertex.
Starting Point of a Section
To create the transitional surfaces, Pro/ENGINEER connects the starting points of the
sections and continues to connect the vertices of the sections in a clockwise manner.
By changing the starting point of a blend subsection, you can create blended
surfaces that twist between the sections.
The default starting point is the first point sketched in the subsection. You can place
the starting point at the endpoint of another segment by choosing the option Start
Point from the SEC TOOLS menu and selecting the point.
Smooth and Straight Attributes
The following types of transition surfaces are used for creating the blend:
• Straight—Create a straight blend by connecting vertices of different subsections
with straight lines. Edges of the sections are connected with ruled surfaces.
• Smooth—Create a smooth blend by connecting vertices of different subsections

with smooth curves. Edges of the sections are connected with spline surfaces.
The From To Depth Option
The From To depth option is applicable for blends only. The From To option
extrudes a feature from a selected surface to another surface. It is designed to
create features between sculptured surfaces, but can be used for any type of
surface, with the following restrictions:
• Intersection surfaces must be physical surfaces, therefore datum planes are not
allowed as "From" or "To" surfaces.
• The feature section must intersect the From To surfaces completely.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Different Blend Geometries

Starting Points and Blend Shape
1 Start points
Smooth Blend
Straight Blend
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Add a Blend Vertex

1. Choose Adv Geometry from the GEOMETRY menu in Sketcher.
2. Choose Blend Vertex from the ADV GEOMETRY menu.
3. Select the vertex of an existing geometry entity. A circle will be placed there.
More than one blend vertex can be created at the same point. Each additional
vertex will create a concentric circle of increasing diameter.
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You can delete a blend vertex entity using Delete > Query Sel.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Using a Blend Vertex

With the exception of capping a blend, each section of a blend must always contain
the same number of entities.
For sections that do not have enough geometric entities, you can add blend vertices.
Each blend vertex adds one entity to the section. However, a blend surface can be
made to disappear using a blend vertex on a sketched or selected section.
A blend vertex acts as a terminator for the corresponding surface of the blend, but is
counted in the total number of entities for a section.
You can use a blend vertex in either a straight or smooth blend (including parallel
smooth blends), but only in the first or last section.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Adding a Blend Vertex
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Import a Blend

1. Choose ADV FEAT OPT > From File.
2. Select or create a coordinate system to locate the imported blend data.
3. Enter the file name. The file's extension must be .ibl.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Importing a Blend Feature

Blends can be created by reading in data points from an ASCII file. The data file
defines the type of blend, as well as the Cartesian coordinates of all the blend section
points. All blend section points are located relative to a single coordinate system.
Notes on Creating Blends:
• Two points in a curve define a line; more than two points define a spline.
• The endpoint of one curve and the start point of the next curve must be
coincident. For closed sections, this is true for the last point of the last curve and
the first point of the first curve. There can be only one closed curve for each
section, and that curve must consist of at least two segments.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
• When the points that are used to create a blend section from a file do not all lie
on a plane, the system creates the best fit plane and projects the points down
onto the plane.
Modifying an Imported Blend
To modify the blend created from the imported data, choose Modify and edit the
blend data file. This creates a new file, feat_#.ibl, in your current working
directory. Modifications of a blend feature do not affect the original file from which it
was created.
Tip: Creating a Blend from Imported Curves
If you are importing data points from a measuring device, you should import them as
curves first to insure smoothness.
You can then make the imported curves smooth and create a blended surface from
the smoothed curves.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Importing Blend File

Sample Blend File
The following figure shows the resulting imported blend.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Parallel Blends
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Parallel Blends

You create parallel blends using the Parallel option in the BLEND OPTS menu. A
parallel blend is created from a single section that contains multiple sketches, called
subsections. First and last subsections can be defined as a point or a blend vertex.
Whenever you modify or redefine the section for a parallel blend feature, the system
displays the dimensions and contours for all the subsections.
Note: If you make cuts in a parallel projected blend, the sections must be closed.
Parallel Blend Sections
A parallel blend section cannot be retrieved into Sketcher mode or into any feature
other than a parallel blend. You can retrieve a saved section using Place Section
only when the blend is a secondary feature and is going to be placed on an existing
feature.
The retrieved section will be added to the current subsection and can be placed into
different subsections with variations in rotation angle and size.
Projected Section Blends
Projected section blends allow you to create a sketch on a planar surface or datum
plane and project the sections onto any two solid surfaces to create a blended
feature.
Note: In Assembly mode, you cannot use an external reference as a surface to
project onto.
A projected parallel blend can have only two sections, each of which must lie within
the boundaries of its selected surface, and cannot intersect other surfaces. When the
sections are regenerated, the system projects them onto their selected surfaces,
normal to the sketching plane (see the following illustration).
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Parallel Blend with a Regular Section

1. When you choose Done from the BLEND OPTS menu, the system displays
feature creation dialog box and the ATTRIBUTES menu. Choose either Straight or
Smooth.
2. Create the first subsection using Sketcher. You determine the direction of feature
creation as you set up the sketching plane.
3. A parallel blend requires more than one subsection. To continue creating other
subsections, choose Sec Tools from the SKETCHER menu.
4. Choose Toggle from the SEC TOOLS menu. The first subsection turns gray and
becomes inactive.
5. Choose Sketch and sketch the second subsection. Make sure its starting point
corresponds to the starting point of the first by selecting Start Point from the
SEC TOOLS menu. Dimension the subsection.
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6. If you are sketching more than two subsections, choose Toggle until all the
current geometry is gray, then sketch the subsection. Repeat this step until all
subsections are sketched. Each subsection must be fully dimensioned to define its
geometry and to locate it with respect to the other subsections. If you began
your part with three default datum planes, every subsection can be dimensioned
to them. Otherwise, each subsection should be dimensioned to another
subsection or a local coordinate system.
7. To modify an existing subsection, toggle through until the subsection you want is
active. While you can place or move the starting point of a subsection only when
it is active, you can modify the dimensions of any subsection at any time.
8. When you have sketched all the subsections, choose Done from the SKETCHER
menu. Enter the distances between each subsection in response to the prompts.
9. Specify the Depth element.
Note: Parallel blend sections cannot be saved and retrieved as ordinary sections.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Parallel Blend with a Projected Section

1. Choose Project Sec from the BLEND OPTS menu.
2. Select or create the sketching plane.
3. Select the "from" and "to" solid surfaces onto which the blend sections will be
projected.
4. Sketch and dimension the two subsections, one for each surface, in the same
order as you selected the From To surfaces. The first sketch will be projected
onto the first surface selected.
Non-Parallel Blends
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Non-Parallel Blends

Non-parallel blends (Rotational and General options) have some particular
advantages over parallel blends:
• Sections can be non-parallel, but do not have to be. Parallel blends can be
created simply by entering a 0° angle between sections.
• A section can be created by importing from an IGES file.
Sketched Versus Selected Sections
Non-parallel blend sections can be created by sketching them (using Sketch Sec),
or by selecting three-dimensional entities (using the option Select Sec).
The restrictions for selecting section entities are as follows:
• All the entities must lie in the same plane.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
• For rotational blends, the planes of all sections must intersect at a single axis. For
rotational blends with only two sections, there is never ambiguity. However, if
more than two sections are defined and they do not form a single axis, the
feature fails.
Open and Closed Blends
Non-parallel blends can be open or closed. If you specify Closed, Pro/ENGINEER

uses the first section of the blend as the last section and creates a closed, solid
shape.
Specifying Tangent Surfaces
You can create a smooth transition between the surfaces of a blend feature and
surfaces of an adjacent feature on the same part. Open, smooth blends can have a
tangent surface specified for each segment in the first and last sections.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Specify Tangency Conditions for Non-Parallel

Blends
1. Choose the Tangency element and Define from the dialog box.
2. The system asks you if the blend should be tangent to any surfaces at the first
end.
3. If you answer Yes, the system highlights each segment in the first section
sequentially. Select a surface for each highlighted entity. If you do not want to
specify tangency for the highlighted segment, choose Done Sel to move to the
next segment.
4. Repeat the process for the other end of the blend.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Specifying Tangency Conditions for Non-

Parallel Blends
The following figure illustrates tangent surfaces.
Blend Tangent to Adjacent Surfaces
Before
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After
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Import a Section for a Non-Parallel Blend

Importing an IGES feature during feature creation can produce a non-parametric
feature that has no dimensions to modify interactively. You can use the imported
feature to define a section.
1. When creating a non-parallel blend, select or sketch a section. If you sketch a
section, create a coordinate system and align the section to the part.
2. Choose Interface from the SEC TOOLS menu.
3. Choose Import from the INTERFACE menu and IGES from the INTF IMPORT
menu.
4. Enter an IGES file name for a two-dimensional section. The Information

Window displays a summary of the IGES import data.
Note: You can create a parametric section using an IGES file by importing the
section into the Sketcher, dimensioning the entities, and regenerating the section.
This type of section is more useful, because the resulting feature is fully parametric.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Creating Non-Parallel Blend with an Imported

Section
Blends created in this way are subject to the following restrictions:
• Modifying the dimensioning scheme of the feature causes Pro/ENGINEER to
prompt you for a new IGES file name. There must be a one-to-one
correspondence between existing IGES entities and the replacement IGES entities
(the first entity in the IGES file replaces the first entity in the section).
• The IGES entities are placed using their absolute coordinate values. There is no
option to scale or dimension the resulting sketch.
• The IGES file section must be closed and all endpoints must be matched exactly
with another endpoint. Otherwise, import of an IGES file may fail.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Cap a Blend

1. For the last section of the non-parallel blend, create a coordinate system and a
point entity. Dimension the point, if necessary.
2. Regenerate the section and choose Done.
3. Choose an option from the CAP TYPE menu:
o Smooth—Create a cap that is smooth.
o Sharp—Create a cap that is sharp.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Capping a Blend

The first and last sections of a blend can each be a point. This caps the end of the
blend feature with either a sharp or smooth transition to a tip. The end subsection of
a parallel blend must always form a sharp cap.
Smooth and sharp caps create very different features. The smooth cap is created by
forcing all geometry to be tangent at the point section. The sharp cap allows the
geometry to flow straight towards the point section.
The best way to control the shape of the feature as it approaches the cap is to use as
many sections as are necessary to achieve the desired result.
Note the following information about capped blends:
• The Z-axis is normal to the surface at the point entity. Entering rotation values
for the X- and Y-axis affects the feature definition of a smooth cap.
• For a smooth cap, the point entity must be located within the boundaries of the
previous section (picture where it would be if you used the same dimensions, but
had sketched it on the previous section).
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Rotational Blend

1. When you choose Rotational, other options, and Done from the BLEND OPTS
menu, the system displays feature creation dialog box with the required elements
Attributes and Section. You can also choose the Tangency element if you want
to specify optional tangency. When you have selected all the elements, click
Define.
2. Choose from the mutually exclusive pairs of elements in the ATTRIBUTES menu,
then choose Done. The choices are as follows:
o Straight—Create a straight blend by connecting vertices of different

subsections with straight lines. Edges of the sections are connected with
ruled surfaces.
o Smooth—Create a smooth blend by connecting vertices of different

subsections with smooth curves. Edges of the sections are connected with
spline surfaces.
o Open—Create an open solid shape.
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o Closed—Create a closed solid shape. Pro/ENGINEER uses the first section

of the blend as the last section.
3. Use Sketch Sec to sketch the sections of the blend, or Select Sec to select
three-dimensional entities. When sketching the section, add a coordinate system
using Coord System in the ADV GEOEMTRY menu.
4. For sketched sections, first enter the Y-axis rotation angle for the next section
(120° maximum). After regenerating the section, the system displays a separate
window for you to sketch the next section. After sketching and regenerating the
section, choose Done from the SKETCHER menu. The system prompts you
whether to continue to the next section. If you reply "yes", repeat this step until
you are done with all the sections.
5. If you are creating a smooth blend and selected Tangency in the dialog box,
create the blend with surfaces tangent to adjacent geometry.
6. When you have sketched or selected all sections, select OK in the dialog box to
create the feature.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Creating a Rotational Blend

A rotational blend is created by sections that are rotated about the Y-axis. You enter
angular dimensions to control section orientation and can dimension sections from
their Sketcher coordinate system to control radial placement. You must add a section
coordinate system in Sketcher mode. You cannot use the default coordinate system.
If you define a rotational blend as being closed, Pro/ENGINEER uses the first section
as the last section and creates a closed solid feature. There is no need to sketch the
last section.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Rotational Blend

Sketched Rotational Blend
a. Section 3 is rotated at 90 degrees with respect to section 2 about the y-axis.
b. Section 2 is rotated at 45 degrees with respect to Section 1 about the y-axis.
c. Section 1
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a General Blend

1. When you choose General and Done from the BLEND OPTS menu, the system
displays the feature creation dialog box and the ATTRIBUTES menu. Choose
either Straight or Smooth from the ATTRIBUTES menu.
2. Use Sketch Sec to sketch the sections of the blend, or Select Sec to select
three-dimensional entities. When sketching the section, add a coordinate system
using Coord System in the ADV UTILS menu. For sketched sections, enter the
X-, Y-, and Z-axis rotation angle (120° maximum) as prompted to determine the
orientation of the next sketch, or reply "no" to the prompt (after the second
section is defined) whether to continue to next section.
3. Repeat step 2 until you are done with all the sections.
4. After all the sections of the blend are finished, enter an offset depth value for all
sections but the first. This dimension is the straight-line distance between
coordinate system origins.
5. If you are creating a smooth blend and selected the Opt Tangency element in
the dialog box, create the blend with surfaces tangent to adjacent geometry.
6. If you are creating a smooth blend, select tangency and section options. You can
create the sections of the blend by sketching (using Sketch Sec), or by selecting
three-dimensional entities (using Select Sec).
7. When you have sketched or selected all sections, select OK in the dialog box to
create the feature.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a General Blend

General Blend
Sections
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Blend
Cap Type Affects the Feature Shape
"Smooth" cap
"Sharp" cap
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Open Blend
Closed Blend
Variable Section Sweeps
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About a Variable Section Sweep

The following table lists terminology common to variable section sweeps and swept
blends.
OPTION DEFINITION
NrmToOriginTraj The section plane remains normal to the Origin

Trajectory throughout its length. The generic Sweep
behaves this way.
Norm To Traj Two trajectories must be selected to determine the

location and orientation of the section. The Origin
Trajectory determines the origin of the section along
the length of the feature. The section plane remains
normal to the Normal Trajectory along the length of
the feature.
Pivot Direction The section plane remains normal to the Origin

Trajectory as it is viewed along the Pivot Direction.
The upward direction of the section remains parallel
to the Pivot Direction.
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A Variable Section Sweep enables you to create a feature by sweeping a section

along the selected trajectories by controlling the section’s orientation, rotation, and
geometry along the trajectory.
If you have a Pro/FEATURE license, you can define a solid variable section sweep
feature using one or more longitudinal trajectories and a single section. With the
optional Pro/SURFACE module, you can select trajectories instead of sketching them
and you can create variable section sweeps of surfaces.
A variable section sweep allows you to create a swept feature by controlling the
following characteristics:
• You can specify the section orientation and rotation. The section can be normal to
o the Origin Trajectory—Choose NrmToOriginTraj from the SWEEP

OPTS menu. This method requires selecting the Origin Trajectory and the
X-Trajectory. The X-Trajectory defines the section’s horizontal vector. The
origin of the section (crosshairs) is always located on the Origin Trajectory
with the X-axis pointing towards the X-Trajectory.
o reference direction—Choose Pivot Dir from the SWEEP OPTS menu.

The Y-axis of the section is always normal to the selected direction. The
section normal trajectory is determined by projecting the Origin Trajectory
in the Pivot Direction onto a plane normal to the Pivot Direction. This
method requires selecting the Origin Trajectory and defining the Pivot
Direction.
o a selected trajectory (not the Origin Trajectory)—Choose Norm To Traj

from the SWEEP OPTS menu. This method requires selecting the Origin
Trajectory and the trajectory to which the section will be normal.
• You can define multiple additional trajectories to which the vertices of the section
can be aligned. As the section plane is swept along the Origin Trajectory, its
intersections with the longitudinal curves represent the known points for section
alignment and dimensioning.
• You can specify whether you want to vary the section as it moves along the
sweep trajectories by defining the Section Type element in the Variable
Section Sweep dialog box. Choose Constant from the SECTION TYPE menu to
maintain the same section, or Variable from the SECTION TYPE menu to adjust
the section size as it sweeps along the trajectory.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Variable Section Sweep

1. Choose Advanced and Done from the SOLID OPTS or SRF OPTS menu. The
system displays the ADV FEAT OPT menu.
2. Choose Var Sec Swp, then Done from the ADV FEAT OPT menu.
Pro/ENGINEER displays the feature creation dialog box and the VAR SEC SWP
menu.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
3. Choose an option from the SWEEP OPTS menu, then choose Done. The options
are as follows:
NrmToOriginTraj—Select the Origin Trajectory.
Pivot Dir—Use the GEN SEL DIR menu to specify the Pivot Direction. The
o Plane—Select a plane or create a new datum plane to which the direction

will be normal.
o Crv/Edg/Axis—Select as the direction an edge, curve, or axis. If you

select a non-linear edge or curve, the system prompts you to select an
existing datum point on the edge or curve to specify a tangent.
o Csys—Select an axis of the coordinate system as the direction.
Norm To Traj—Select the Origin Trajectory and an additional trajectory to which

the section will remain normal.
4. Sketch or select the Origin Trajectory using the VAR SEC SWP menu options,
then choose Done. The options are as follows:
Sketch Traj—Sketch a new trajectory to use for the sweep.
Select Traj—Define a chain from curves and edges (such as a datum curve) to
use as the sweep trajectory.
Sel Tan Traj—Define a chain from curves and edges to use as a trajectory and
specify a tangency condition by selecting tangency reference surfaces.
Remove Traj—Remove a trajectory that you previously sketched or selected.

You cannot remove the Origin Trajectory.
5. If you chose Pivot Dir in Step 3, go to Step 8; otherwise, proceed as follows:
Sketch or select the X-Trajectory, which defines the horizontal vector of the
section. The sketching plane is located at a datum point or the endpoint of the
Origin Trajectory. The orientation of the sketch plane is such that the positive X-
axis passes from the endpoint of the Origin Trajectory through the point at the
intersection of the second trajectory with the normal plane.
6. If you chose Norm To Traj in Step 3, select the trajectory to which the section
will be normal. Choose an option in the SEC ORIENT menu, followed by Done:
Norm to Surf—Select a surface that determines the section’s upward direction,

then select or sketch the trajectory that defines the section plane normal. Choose
Flip an Okay to select the upward direction. This option is available only if the
Origin Trajectory belongs to a surface.
Use Norm Traj—Select a trajectory that defines the section plane normal.
7. If the Origin Trajectory has datum points, the system highlights an endpoint of
the Origin Trajectory so you can define the start point. Choose an option from the
SEC POINT menu to select the start point:
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Origin Start—Use the highlighted endpoint as the start point for the Origin
Trajectory.
Pick Point—Pick a datum point on the Origin Trajectory to be its start point.
Note: For a Norm To Traj variable section sweep, the system checks if the
normal plane to the selected trajectory has a defined intersection with the
Origin Trajectory. If the intersection cannot be found, the system issues a
warning so you can redefine the normal trajectory.
8. You can sketch or select as many additional longitudinal trajectories as you want,
such that if the section is dimensioned to or aligned to these trajectories, the
sweep feature also follows these trajectories as it travels along the origin. The
trajectories can be accessed by selecting the Trajectories element in the dialog
box. You can remove a trajectory by choosing Remove Traj from the VAR SEC
SWP menu.
9. Choose Done to complete the trajectory definitions.
10. Sketch the sweep section. The section can be dimensioned to known points (to
the points of intersection of the longitudinal curves with the sketching plane). The
section remains aligned and dimensioned to the point as it sweeps along the
curve.Use relations to create a meaningful parametric section.
11. Choose Done to exit Sketcher.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Variable Section Sweeps

The restrictions on sweep trajectories also apply for variable section sweeps. Note
the following rules for selecting a trajectory:
• For NrmToOriginTraj sweeps, the Origin Trajectory can only consist of tangent
entities. For Pivot Dir sweeps, projection of the entities must be tangent as
viewed along the Pivot Direction (the entities themselves could be non-tangent in
3-D).
• When you create a variable section sweep with the Norm To Traj option, the
entities in the Origin Trajectory must be tangent.
• The X-Trajectory and the origin trajectories cannot intersect, through they can
meet at one of their ends.
• All additional trajectories of the feature must intersect the sweep’s sketching
plane. The additional trajectories do not need to be as long as the Origin
Trajectory; the sweep feature will be created as far as the endpoint of the
shortest trajectory. Modifying the lengths of trajectories will modify the length of
the sweep.
• All trajectories must be continuous.
• You can use a composite curve as a trajectory.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Tip: About the Variable Sweep Geometry

If you define the Section Type element in the Variable Section Sweep dialog box
as Constant, the system maintains the same section geometry along the trajectory.
This can be useful when the section geometry references adjacent part geometry (for
example, when you used Use Edge from the GEOM TOOLS to create the section).
Depending on whether you define the section as Variable or Constant, you get two
different geometries of the variable section sweep (see the next figures).
Using the Constant Option
a. The section created with Use Edge follows the Origin Trajectory.
b. Origin Trajectory
Using the Variable Option
For the Variable option, the section is constantly reevaluated along the trajectory.
For the section created with Use Edge, the system projects the referenced geometry
at every point of the trajectory to define the section.
a. Origin Trajectory
Aligning to Part Geometry
Consider the following recommendation: Do not align or dimension the section to

part geometry unless the alignment or dimensions can be held throughout the
sweep, as this alignment may become invalid as the section is swept along its
trajectory (see the next figure).
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Example of invalidated alignment
As the section is swept along the trajectory, alignment of the section side edge and
the base side edge becomes invalid, and the feature fails.
a. X-trajectory
b. Origin curve
c. Sweep section
d. Aligned entities
Notes:
When you dimension the section to known points or part edges, consider the relative
position of the X-Trajectory throughout the length of the Origin Trajectory.
Dimensions that are valid at the start point of the sweep could become meaningless
as the section turns around the origin.
To capture your design intent when sketching a variable section sweep section, you
can use known dimensions and graph evaluation. You can map a graph, or any
function, along the variable section sweep Origin Trajectory using the trajectory
parameter, trajpar, in a relation.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Variable Section Sweeps

The following figure illustrates a variable section sweep that uses the Pivot Dir
option. The section remains normal to the pivot plane.
Perspective view
a. Pivot plane
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Side view
a. Origin trajectory
The following figure illustrates a variable section sweep that uses the
NrmToOriginTraj option. The section remains normal to the Origin trajectory.
Perspective view
Side view
b. X-trajectory
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Orienting the Section Using the Pivot Direction
Pivot Direction selected as the X-direction of the CSI
a. Projection of the Origin Trajectory in the Pivot Direction
c. Pivot Direction selected as the X-direction of the CSI
Pivot Direction selected as the Y-direction of the CSI
a. Projection of the Origin Trajectory in the Pivot Direction
c. Pivot Direction selected as the Y-direction of the CSI
Using Additional Trajectories
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
a. Additional trajectories
b. Origin trajectory
c. X-trajectory
d. Section: section vertices are aligned to trajectories.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Specify Tangency Conditions

If you chose Sel Tan Traj to specify a tangent trajectory, you must specify a control
surface for each segment of the trajectory. When the sweep section is created, the
direction tangent to the control surface will be shown as a centerline and can be used
for section dimensioning.
1. After you selected the trajectory, the system highlights default tangent surfaces.
2. The system displays the DEFAULT TAN menu. Choose Accept to accept all the
default surfaces, or choose Reject to select individual tangent surfaces.
When you start sketching the sweep section, all the specified tangencies are
displayed as centerlines. You can use them for dimensioning in Sketcher mode; this
way, a sweep surface can be forced to stay tangent to the adjacent part surface.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Specifying Tangency Conditions

Sweep Tangent to a Surface
Perspective View
b. X-vector trajectory
c. Control surface
d. Additional trajectory
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Side View
a. Sweep section
b. Tangency centerline
After Creation
a. The sweep is created tangent to the selected surface.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create Parametric Graph Relations

If the driving graph is apt to change, you can include the dimensions of the graph
instead of absolute values in the Sketcher relations of the sweep. The sweep then
updates automatically with the changes to the driving graph.
1. Before creating the sweep, choose Feat Info for the graph feature and
determine the part dimension symbols corresponding to the appropriate section
dimension of the graph.
2. When you dimension the sweep section, enter the relation for the corresponding
graph dimension.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Using Relations in Sweeps

Using the trajectory parameter, trajpar, in a relation for variable section sweeps
allows you to map a graph, or any function, along the sweep Origin Trajectory. The
value of trajpar changes from 0 to 1 as the section is swept along the Origin
Trajectory.
When a sweep is created along a composite curve, you can evaluate the trajpar of
this curve at a specific point, the trajpar_of_pnt, and use this value in relations.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
If you set relations when sketching the section, connecting section dimensions with
the trajectory parameter by some function, the section changes according to this
function as it is swept along the Origin Trajectory.
You can also create variable section sweep features with sections driven to zero area
at the endpoint, or at some intermediate point of the trajectory of the feature.
Note: The surface cannot be degenerate at the starting point of the trajectory. The
dimension driven by a graph must evaluate to a non-zero value when you create the
sweep section.
Swept Blends
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Swept Blends

A swept blend requires a single trajectory (the Origin Trajectory) and multiple
sections. To define the Origin Trajectory of the swept blend, you can either sketch a
curve or select a chain of datum curves or edges.
You sketch the sections to be blended at specified segment vertices or datum points
on the Origin Trajectory. To orient a section, you can specify the rotation angle about
the Z-axis, and/or use the Pick XVector or Norm to Surf options.
Note the following restrictions:
• A section cannot be located at a sharp corner in the Origin Trajectory.
• For a closed trajectory profile, sections must be sketched at the start point and at
least one other location. Pro/ENGINEER uses the first section at the endpoint.
• For an open trajectory profile, you must create sections at the start and end
points. There is no option to skip placement of a section at those points.
• Sections cannot be dimensioned to the model, because modifying the trajectory

would invalidate those dimensions.
• A composite datum curve cannot be selected for defining sections of a swept

blend (Select Sec). Instead, you must select one of the underlying datum curves
or edges from which a composite curve is determined.
• If you choose Pivot Dir and Select Sec, all selected sections must lie in planes
that are parallel to the Pivot Direction.
If you have a Pro/SURFACE license, you can control swept blend geometry by using
an area graph and by controlling the perimeter of the feature between the sections.
An area graph represents the exact area of the cross section of the swept blend at
selected locations on the Origin Trajectory. You can add or remove points on the
Origin Trajectory at which to specify the swept blend sectional area. You can also
change the graph value at user-defined points.
The following table lists terminology common to variable section sweeps and swept
blends.
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OPTION DEFINITION
NrmToOriginTraj The section plane remains normal to the Origin

Trajectory throughout its length. The generic Sweep
behaves this way.
Norm To Traj Two trajectories must be selected to determine the

location and orientation of the section. The Origin
Trajectory determines the origin of the section along
the length of the feature. The section plane remains
normal to the Normal Trajectory along the length of
the feature.
Pivot Direction The section plane remains normal to the Origin

Trajectory as it is viewed along the Pivot Direction.
The upward direction of the section remains parallel
to the Pivot Direction.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Swept Blend (basic)

To create a swept blend, you can define the trajectory by sketching a trajectory, or
by selecting existing curves and edges and extending or trimming the first and last
entity in the trajectory.
1. Choose Advanced from the SOLID OPTS menu, and Swept Blend and Done
from the ADV FEAT OPT menu.
2. Choose the desired options from the BLEND OPTS menu, then choose Done
from the BLEND OPTS menu. The options are as follows:
Select Sec—Select existing curves or edges to define each section using the CRV
SKETCHER menu.
Sketch Sec—Sketch new section entities to define each section.
NrmToOriginTraj—Select the Origin Trajectory.
Pivot Dir—Use the GEN SEL DIR menu to specify the Pivot Direction. The
o Plane—Select a plane or create a new datum plane to which the direction

will be normal.
o Crv/Edg/Axis—Select as the direction an edge, curve, or axis. If you

select a non-linear edge or curve, the system prompts you to select an
existing datum point on the edge or curve to specify a tangent.
o Csys—Select an axis of the coordinate system as the direction.
Norm To Traj—Select the Origin Trajectory and an additional trajectory to which

the section will remain normal.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Note: For a Norm To Traj swept blend, the system checks if the normal
plane to the selected trajectory has a defined intersection with the Origin
Trajectory. If the intersection cannot be found, the system issues a warning
so you can redefine the normal trajectory.
3. A Swept Blend dialog box appears with the following elements:
Pivot Dir—(If selected) Specify the Pivot Direction.
Normal Traj—(If selected) Select the normal trajectory.
Origin Traj—Specify the trajectory that defines the section origin.
Sections—Define the sections.
Blend Control—(Optional) Define how to control the blend geometry along the
Origin Trajectory.
Tangency—(Optional) Specify tangency conditions for the feature.
4. Define the type of Origin Trajectory by choosing an option from the SWEEP
TRAJ menu:
Sketch Traj—Sketch the Origin Trajectory.
Select Traj—Define the Origin Trajectory using existing curves and edges.
Choose Done from the CHAIN menu when finished defining the chain.
Note: The Origin Trajectory can have sharp corners (a discontinuous

tangent to the curve), except at the endpoint of a closed curve. At non-
tangent vertices, Pro/ENGINEER mitres the geometry as in constant section
sweeps.
5. If you selected the NrmToOriginTraj option, the system brings up the SEC
ORIENT menu. Select one of these options, followed by Done:
Pick XVector—Select an axis, straight edge/curve, or plane normal to determine

the section’s positive X-axis. Use options in the GEN SEL DIR menu to select a
horizontal reference. The system displays a red arrow, indicating the positive
direction for the X-vector. Choose Flip or Okay to determine the direction for the
operation.
Note: The Pick XVector option is available only for the trajectories defined
with the Select Traj option.
Automatic—The system automatically determines the section’s orientation.
If you select this option for the first section, then the X-axis is determined
by the curvature vector at the beginning of the Origin Trajectory.
When you select Automatic for a section other than the first, the system
determines the X-vector automatically based on the previous section
orientation and the behavior of the Origin Trajectory.
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Norm to Surf—Use the adjacent surface section normal to determine the section
upward direction. If you select this option for the first section, then all sections
use the same reference surfaces as the upward direction.
If the Origin Trajectory has only one adjacent surface, then the system
automatically selects this surface, highlighted in blue, as the reference for
the section orientation. A red arrow appears, indicating the upward
direction. Choose Flip or Okay to specify the upward direction.
If the Origin Trajectory has two adjacent surfaces, the system prompts you
to select a surface for the section orientation. The default surface is
highlighted in blue. You can accept the default surface or select the other
one. A red arrow appears, indicating the upward direction. Choose Flip or
Okay to specify the upward direction.
6. The system highlights endpoints and vertices along the Origin Trajectory. Use
options in the CONFIRM menu to select points at which you want to specify
additional sections.
Accept—Sketch or select a section at this highlighted location.
Next—Go to the next point.
Previous—Return to the previous point.
7. If you chose Norm To Traj in Step 6, select the trajectory to which the section
will be normal. Choose an option in the SEC ORIENT menu, followed by Done:
Norm to Surf—Select a surface that determines the section’s upward direction,

then select or sketch the trajectory that defines the section plane normal. Choose
Flip an Okay to select the upward direction. This option is available only if the
Origin Trajectory belongs to a surface.
Use Norm Traj—Select a trajectory that defines the section plane normal.
8. For each vertex or datum point where you define a section, specify the section’s
rotation angle about the Z-axis (with a value between –120 and +120 degrees).
9. Select or sketch the entities for each section, depending on whether you chose
Select Sec or Sketch Sec, respectively. Choose Done to exit Sketcher.
10. When all cross-sections are sketched or selected, unless you want to define
optional elements, select OK in the dialog box to generate the swept blend
feature.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Swept Blend

Completed Swept Blend
Section Definition
The sections must be sketched at the first and last Origin Trajectory points.
a. This point was added using an Area Graph.
Note: Each section remains displayed as the next section is created.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Control the Perimeter of a Swept Blend

The Blend Control element lets you select a method for controlling the shape of the
swept blend between its sections. When you choose Blend Control and Define from
the dialog box, the BLEND CONTROL menu appears with the following options:
• Set Perimeter—Control the shape of the feature by controlling its perimeter
between the sections. If two consecutive sections have equal perimeters, the
system attempts to maintain the same cross-section perimeter between these
sections. For sections that have different perimeters, the system uses smooth
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interpolation along each curve of the trajectory to define the perimeter of the
feature between its sections.
Note: You cannot specify both perimeter control and tangency conditions for the
swept blend—only one of these conditions is allowed.
• Area Graph—Control the shape of the feature through control points and area
values.
• None—Do not set any blend control for the feature.
• Center Crv—Show a curve connecting the centroids of the feature’s cross-

sections. This option is available only with the Set Perimeter option.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Modifying a Swept Blend Using an Area Graph

The Area Graph option lets you add or remove control points to/from the Origin
Trajectory at which you can specify or change area values.
The GRAPH menu options are as follows:
• Define—Define an area graph using the DEFINE GRAPH submenu. The Define
Graph submenu options are as follows:
o Add Point—Define a control point using the

GET DTM POINT submenu to select or create a datum point on the Origin
Trajectory, then enter the area values.
o Remove Point—Select a control point to remove.
o Change Value—Select a control point and enter a new area value.
Note: If a value is zero on the area graph at a parameter, the swept blend self-
intersects. To correct this, add control points to change the area graph value to a
positive value.
• Info—Display an Information Window (see the following figure), which contains

the following information:
o The normalized length of a parameter (point or cross section) measured

from the starting point of the current segment of the Origin Trajectory, in
the form i.rrrr. A Origin Trajectory consists of one or more segments. The
integer, i, identifies on which of the segments of the Origin Trajectory the
parameter is located. The value of i ranges from 0 to n, where 0
corresponds to the first segment and n to the last segment. The decimal
.rrrr is the ratio of the length from the starting point on the segment to the
parameter location.
o The section area values at each parameter.
o The driving dimension, if any, for the value of a user-defined area.
o The location type specifies whether the area is at a section or at a user-

defined point.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Controlling the Perimeter of a Swept

Blend
Using the Set Perimeter Option
a. Section 1, Perimeter 1
b. Section 2, Perimeter 2
c. Perimeter 3. If Per. 1 = Per. 2, then Per. 3 = Per. 1 = Per. 2.
d. Origin Trajectory
Sample Area Graph and Information Window
a. csys
b. Area values
c. Area graph
d. Solid lines at user-defined locations
e. Dashed lines at fixed cross section locations
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Helical Sweeps
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Helical Sweeps

You create a helical sweep by sweeping a section along a helical trajectory.
The trajectory is defined by both the profile of the surface of revolution (which
defines the distance from the section origin of the helical feature to its axis of
revolution) and the pitch (the distance between coils). The trajectory and the surface
of revolution are construction tools that do not appear in the resulting geometry.
The Helical Swp option in the ADV FEAT OPT menu is available for both solid and
surface features. Use the following ATTRIBUTES menu options in mutually exclusive
pairs to define the helical sweep feature:
• Constant—The pitch is constant.
• Variable—The pitch is variable and defined by a graph.
• Thru Axis—The cross section lies in a plane that passes through the axis of
revolution.
• Norm To Traj—The cross section is oriented normal to the trajectory (or surface
of revolution).
• Right Handed—The trajectory is defined using the right- hand rule.
• Left Handed—The trajectory is defined using the left-hand rule.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Helical Sweep with a Constant Pitch

Value
1. Choose Advanced and Done from the SOLID OPTS menu, then Helical Swp
and Done. The system displays the feature creation dialog box.
2. Define the feature by selecting from the ATTRIBUTES menu, then choose Done.
3. Pro/ENGINEER places you in Sketcher mode. Sketch the profile of the surface of
revolution. Specify the sketching plane and its orientation, and the axis of
revolution.
4. Sketch, dimension, and regenerate the profile. Follow these rules:
o The sketched entities must form an open loop.
o You must sketch a centerline to define the axis of revolution.
o If you chose Norm To Traj, the profile entities must be tangent to each
other (C1 continuous).
o The profile entities must not have a tangent that is normal to the centerline
at any point.
o The profile starting point defines the sweep trajectory starting point. You
can modify the starting point using the options Sec Tools and Start Point.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
5. When you have finished sketching the section, choose Done from the
SKETCHER menu.
6. Enter the pitch value (the distance between the coils).
7. For a surface feature, specify if the feature will have closed or open ends by
selecting Open Ends or Capped Ends from the SURF END menu, then Done.
8. Pro/ENGINEER places you in Sketcher mode to sketch the cross section that will
be swept along the trajectory. Sketch the cross section based about the visible
cross hairs. Dimension and regenerate the cross section.
9. When the cross section is finished, choose Done from the SKETCHER menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Helical Sweep

Cross section of the Helical Sweep
a. This circular section will be swept along the trajectory.
Helical Sweep Feature with Constant Pitch
93
Profile for a Helical Sweep
a. This centerline is the axis of revolution.
b. This line will be rotated about the centerline to define the surface of revolution.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Helical Sweep with a Variable Pitch

Value
1. Complete the prerequisite steps.
2. While in the profile section, sketch points to be used as the control points in the
pitch graph. These control points define how the pitch value changes along the
axis of revolution. To sketch points, choose Sketch, Point, then select points on
the profile geometry and dimension them. It is easier to dimension the control
points if you put them on the centerline that defines the axis of revolution.
3. After you regenerate your profile sketch successfully, choose Done from the
SKETCHER menu.
4. Enter pitch values at the trajectory start and end.
5. While the profile section is displayed in the original window, the system displays
a subwindow with the initial pitch graph in it.
6. Finalize the graph by transferring the pitch control points from the profile sketch
onto the graph. Choose Define from the GRAPH menu.
Using options in the DEFINE GRAPH menu, do one of the following:
o Add Point—Add a reference point to the graph by selecting a point in the

profile section, or the start or end point. Enter the desired pitch value at
this point. The system locates the selected control point along the X-axis of
the graph and draws a line with the length equal to the specified pitch
value.
o Remove Point—Remove a pitch control point by picking it in the profile

section.
o Change Point—Change the value of the pitch at any selected control point,
including the start or end point. Select a point in the profile section to
change its value and enter the new value.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
7. After the graph is defined, choose Done/Return from the DEFINE GRAPH
menu. To check the graph data, choose Info in the GRAPH menu. The system
displays the Information Window with the pitch data table.
8. Choose Done from the GRAPH menu.
9. Pro/ENGINEER places you in Sketcher mode to sketch the cross section that will
be swept along the trajectory. Sketch, dimension, and regenerate the cross
section.
10. When you have finished, choose Done.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Creating a Helical Sweep with a Variable Pitch

Value
You can create a helical swept feature with a variable pitch.
In this case, the distance between the coils is controlled by a pitch graph. The initial
graph is created when you specify the pitch value at the start and end points. You
can then add more control points to define a complex curve that governs the
distance between the coils along the axis of revolution.
Special considerations for using the Variable option are as follows:
• In a pitch graph, control points with different pitch values are connected by a
monotonic curve. Control points with equal pitch values are connected by a line.
• In the resulting geometry, the average distance between coils along each portion
of the axis (the segment between two control points in the pitch graph) is the
average of the pitch values given at two consecutive control points.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Creating a Helical Sweep with a Variable

Pitch
Helical Sweep Feature with Variable Pitch
95
Initial Pitch Graph
a. The start point
b. Distance along the axis of revolution
c. The end point
d. Pitch value
Finalizing the Pitch Graph
a. The profile section
b. Select each control point in the profile section and enter the corresponding pitch
value.
c. The resulting graph
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Types of Helical Sweep Features
Using the Constant option
Constant distance between the coils

Using the Variable option
Variable distance between the coils

Using the Norm to Traj option
a. Axis of revolution
b. This section is normal to the trajectory
97
Using the Thru Axis option
a. Axis of revolution
b. This section is in a plane that passes through the axis of revolution.
Using the Left Handed option
Using the Right Handed option
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Creating Surface Features
Creating a Surface Feature
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Different Ways to Create a Surface

You can create surface features using any of the following options in the SRF OPTS
menu:
• Extrude—Create a quilt by extruding the sketched section to a specified depth in
the direction normal to the sketching plane.
When you use Up To Surface as a depth option, the new surface can be
extruded to planar surfaces, a quilt, or a datum plane that is parallel to the
sketching plane. To select a quilt surface, use Query Sel.
• Revolve—Create a quilt by rotating the sketched section a specified angle

around the first centerline sketched in the section. The rotation angle can be
specified as 90, 180, 270, 360, UpTo Pnt/Vtx, or UpTo Plane.
• Sweep—Create a quilt by sweeping a sketched section along a specified

trajectory. You can sketch the trajectory, or use an existing datum curve. .
• Blend—Create a smooth quilt connecting several sketched sections. Parallel

blends can only be Blind. You can also create Rotational or General blends, or
blends From File.
• Flat—Create a planar quilt by sketching its boundaries.
• Offset—Create a quilt offset from a quilt or surface.
• Copy—Create a quilt by copying existing quilts or surfaces. Specify a selection

method and select surfaces to copy. Pro/ENGINEER creates the surface feature
directly on top of the selected surfaces.
• Fillet—Create a new quilt from the geometry of a surface-to-surface round

between the surfaces of a solid model or quilts.
• Advanced—Access the ADV FEAT OPT menu, allowing you to create surfaces
using complex feature definitions.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Surface Feature (basic)

For streamlined surface creation, click Insert > Surface and choose the surface
type.
1. From the Feature > Create > Surface.
2. If this is the first surface feature to be created, the system displays the SRF OPTS
menu. Otherwise, choose New from the QUILT SURF menu.
3. Select the desired option from the SRF OPTS menu. Create the feature according
to the procedure for the feature form option that you specified.
99
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Feature with an Open or Closed

Volume
When creating a surface feature with the Extrude, Rotate, Sweep, or Blend option
from the SRF OPTS menu, you can create a quilt that encloses a closed volume by
capping the ends of the feature, or you can leave the ends open.
Set the Open Ends/Capped Ends attribute by selecting an option from the
ATTRIBUTES menu:
• Open Ends—Create a surface feature without closing the ends. For example, an
extruded circular section creates an open-ended tube with the open ends
displayed with yellow edges.
• Capped Ends—Create a surface feature with a closed volume. For example, an

extruded circular section would result in a closed cylinder so all edges of the quilt
are two-sided, shown in magenta. Note that the section must be closed for this
option.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Joined or Unattached Quilt

A sweep created along the outer edges of another quilt, or along datum curves
created on these edges may be joined with the reference quilt. A swept blend can be
joined along the origin trajectory.
Once you have selected a valid reference edge or a datum curve, the system
displays the SRFS JOIN menu with the following options:
• Join—Join the surface feature with the existing quilt.
• No Join—Create a surface feature that is not attached to the existing quilt.
Note: When sketching the section of a variable section sweep, make sure at least
one section entity has its endpoint at the section origin (the intersection of
centerlines). This produces a common edge along which the two quilts will be joined.
You can redefine the Join/No Join attribute when you redefine the feature’s
trajectory with the Modify option.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Flat Surface

The Flat option enables you to create a planar surface feature of any shape.
1. Choose Flat and Done from the SRF OPTS menu.
2. The Flat Surface dialog box appears, listing feature elements.
3. Select or create the sketching and reference planes.
4. Sketch a closed section for the surface.
Note: In order for you to be able to modify the location of the flat surface by
changing the location or orientation of the sketching plane, use an offset or angular
datum plane as its sketching plane.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Fillet Quilt

Using the Fillet option from the SRF OPTS menu, you can create a quilt as a surface-
to-surface round between solid surfaces or quilts.
To create a fillet, choose Fillet and Done from the SRF OPTS menu, or click Insert
> Surface > Fillet, and create a fillet quilt as you create general rounds.
Note the following settings for using the Fillet option:
• The default reference type is Surf-Surf.
• The default attachment type is New Quilt.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create Surfaces by Offsetting

Use the Offset command to create a surface feature by offsetting a solid surface or
a quilt. If the surfaces are too curved to be offset correctly, you can define the
Special Handlings element to leave out problem surfaces.
1. Choose FEAT CLASS > Surface > New > Offset > Done.
2. The Surface Offset dialog box opens. The element tree in the upper portion of the
dialog box lists elements to be defined:
o Surface—Specify the surfaces from which to offset.
o Direction—Specify the direction of offset.
o Offset—Specify the offset value.
o Offset Type—Specify the offset method. By default, the system offsets

normal to the original surfaces using the Norm To Surf option.
o Side Quilt—Create an offset feature with side quilts.
o Special Handlings—(optional) Leave out failed surfaces or any other

selected surfaces from the offset operation.
3. Select a surface or quilt to offset.
4. A red arrow indicates the direction of offset. To switch the direction, choose Side
2 with two yellow arrows.
5. Enter the offset value in the specified direction.
Note: The offset distance should be less than the radius of curvature of the
original surfaces.
6. Specify the offset method. Choose one of these options:
o Normal to Surf—(default) Offset the surface normal to the original

surface.
o Controlled Fit—Create a best-fit offset by scaling the original surface with

respect to the specified coordinate system and translating along the
specified axes. To define this element, choose Next to go to the next page.
Select or create a coordinate system by choosing Select or Create from
101
the GET DATUMS menu. Select the allowed directions for scaling by placing
a checkmark in front of the X Axis, Y Axis, and Z Axis options.
o Auto Fit—The system scales the surfaces with respect to the automatically
determined coordinate system and translates them as necessary. No
additional user input is required.
Note: Changing the offset type from Normal to Surf to Controlled Fit or Auto
Fit, and vice versa, will cause all children of the offset feature to fail.
7. If you want to create the offset surface with side quilts (quilts that extrude from
the original surface to the offset surface along its boundaries), click Yes under
Side Quilt.
8. Click Preview in the dialog box.
9. If the system cannot construct the geometry with the offset type Normal To
Surf, you must define the Special Handlings element. To obtain information
about the surfaces that are causing the failure, and therefore should be left out,
you can investigate in Resolve mode.
10. The Special Handlings page lists the surfaces suggested for special handling. As
you move the pointer over the listed surfaces, the system meshes left out
surfaces in red.
11. To add or remove a surface to or from the list, use the plus (+) or minus (-)
buttons.
12. After you have defined the Special Handlings element, click Preview or OK.
Copying Surfaces
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Surface Copy

The Copy option in the SRF OPTS menu enables you to create a quilt directly on top
of selected surfaces. The resulting quilt contains surfaces that are the same shape
and size as their parent surfaces.
1. Choose Surface > New > Copy > Done.
2. A dialog box appears, listing elements for the surface copy feature:
o Surfaces—Define surfaces to be copied.
o Excld Loop—(Optional) Exclude loops from the surfaces to be copied. This

option is used with the surfaces that contain several outer loops (i.e.,
islands).
o Fill Loop—(Optional) Fill inner contours in the surfaces to be copied.
3. Define each feature element. Once all elements are defined, choose OK from the
dialog box. Upon completion, the system highlights the edges of the surface copy
feature: outer (i.e., one-sided) edges—in yellow, and inner edges—in magenta.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Select the Surfaces to be Copied

When defining surfaces to be copied, use the following options in the SURF SELECT
menu:
• Include—Include feature references in the current selection by using options in
the SURF OPTIONS menu.
• Exclude—Exclude feature references from the current selection by using options

in the SURF OPTIONS menu.
• Redefine—Redefine feature references.
• Delete—Delete all references specified during a particular action. Specify the

action that you want to delete by selecting from the SURF ACTS menu. For
example, if you have included surfaces for copying using the Indiv Surf option,
Delete will unselect all the surfaces that were selected with this action.
• Delete All—Delete all references that you specified when collecting surfaces for
the current feature. When prompted to confirm your request, choose Confirm or
Cancel from the CONFIRMATION menu.
• Show—Show all feature references. When showing surfaces selected for the
operation, choose a display method from the SHOW OPTS menu:
Wireframe—Show selected surfaces in wireframe.
Mesh—Mesh selected surfaces.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Use the Include Command

1. Choose Include from the SURF SELECT menu.
2. Choose a desired method from the SURF OPTIONS menu:
o Indiv Surf—Select individual surfaces.
o Surf & Bnd—Select surfaces by defining a seed surface and bounding

surfaces. The Seed Surface option in the SURF&BND menu is active by
default so you can pick the seed surface. Once the seed surface is specified,
you need to define bounding surfaces using the Boundary option in the
SURF&BND menu. Bounding surfaces are not included in the set. Choose a
desired method for defining the surface boundaries from the BND METHOD
menu. Choose Indiv Surfs to select surfaces that will act as bounding
surfaces; or choose Loop Surfs to select bounding surfaces by defining
loop surfaces and pick a surface to define a loop. If the picked surface
contains more than one loop, the system will ask you to select an edge that
will indicate the desired loop. All the surfaces that lie along this loop will
become bounding surfaces.
o Loop Surfs—Select surfaces by defining loop surfaces. Pick a surface to

define a loop. If the picked surface contains more than one loop, the
system will ask you to select an edge that will indicate the desired loop. All
the surfaces that lie along this loop will be collected.
103
o Quilt Surfs—Select a quilt. All surfaces in the selected quilt will be

collected.
o Solid Surfs—Select a part or assembly component whose surfaces you

want to copy. All surfaces in the selected solid will be collected.
o Intent Surfs—Select a set of intent surfaces.
o Done—Accept all selected surfaces. All selected surfaces highlight in blue.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Use the Exclude Command

1. Choose Exclude from the SURF SELECT menu
2. Use options in the SURF OPTIONS menu to select surfaces. The surface collection
mechanism is the same as that for including surfaces.
3. Once all surfaces are selected properly, choose Done from the SURF SELECT
menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Use the Redefine Command

Use the Redefine command to change the results of actions that you performed
during the surface selection process.
1. Choose Redefine.
2. Specify an action to redefine by choosing it from the SURF ACTS menu. The
name of the entry indicates the type and order of the action. For example, an
entry Surf&Bnd Inc 1 in the SURF ACTS menu indicates the first Include action
that was performed using the Surf & Bnd option. As you move the cursor over
the items in the SURF ACTS menu, the corresponding selections highlight in the
model window.
3. Once you selected the action, redefine it using the applicable menu options.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Redefining Selections Made with Surf & Bnd

• Selecting a new seed surface automatically deletes the old one.
• When you redefine the bounding surfaces selected with the Indiv Surfs option,
you can continue adding new surfaces with the Pick or Query Sel option, or you
can unselect any of the existing bounding surfaces using Unsel Item.
• When you redefine a bounding loop selected with the option Loop Surfs, old loop
surfaces are automatically removed so you can define new loop surfaces.
• When you change the method used to define the boundary, all previously
selected references will become obsolete, and the system will ask you to confirm
their deletion.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Exclude Loops from the Surface Selection

Excluding loops can be useful when a surface has multiple outer loops.
1. If you want to exclude some of the surface loops from the selection, select the
Excld Loop element in the dialog box and choose Define.
2. When the FEATURE REFS menu appears, the Add option is active by default. Pick
an edge that belongs to the loop that you want to exclude.
3. Choose Done Sel and Done Refs.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Fill Loops

Filling loops in seed surfaces must be done before you start selecting surfaces with
the Surf & Bnd option.
1. Select the Fill Loop element in the dialog box and choose Define.
2. Choose an option from the GATHER FILL menu:
o All—Fill all inner contours that belong to the selected surfaces.
o Loops—Fill a selected inner contour. Pick an edge that belongs to the

contour that you want to fill.
3. Choose Done Refs from the FEATURE REFS menu.
Creating Advanced Surface Features
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Advanced Surface Features

The Advanced option lets you create advanced surfaces features. Use the following
options in the ADV FEAT OPT menu:
• Var Sec Swp – Create a quilt using the variable section sweep geometry.
• Swept Blend - Create a quilt using a swept blend geometry.
• Helical Swp - Create a quilt using the helical sweep geometry.
• Boundaries - Create a quilt from its boundaries.
• Sect to Srfs - Create a quilt as a blend from a section to tangent surfaces.
• Srfs to Srfs - Create a quilt as a blend from a surface to tangent surfaces.
• From File - Create a blend from file.
• TangentToSrf - Create a surface as a blend from a edge/curve to tangent surfaces.
• Free Form - Create a surface by dynamic manipulation.
Another way of accessing these surfaces is to click Insert > Surface and to choose
the desired surface type.
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Creating a Blended Surface
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About a Blended Surface

A blended surface is created between reference entities that define the surface in
one or two directions.
The first and last entities selected in each direction define the surface boundary.
Adding more reference entities allows you to more fully define the surface shape.
To create a blended surface, click Insert > Surface > From Boundaries and
choose Blended Surf.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Blended Surface (Basic)

1. Choose FEAT > Create > Surface > New > Advanced > Done.
2. Choose ADV FEAT OPT > Boundaries > Done > Blended Surf > Done.
3. The system displays a dialog box, listing elements of the surface feature. They
are:
o Surface Type—Specify the type of surface: developable or boundary

blend.
o Curves—Specify geometrical references for this feature.
o Bndry Conds—(Optional) Define Boundary Conditions.
o Control Pts—(Optional) Specify blend control points.
o Bndry Inflnc—(Optional) Define boundary influence on the surface shape.
o Advanced—(Optional) Use advanced surface control tools.
o Stretch—(Optional) Modify the surface shape by stretching. The Stretch

option is available for the boundary blend only if a Boundary Condition is
set to an option other than Free.
4. Specify the feature elements.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Developable Ruled Surface

You can create a developable ruled surface using the blended surface functionality.
To create a ruled surface, define the Surface Type element and select two reference
curves in one direction.
Consider the following rules for selecting curves:
• All segments of the reference curve must be tangent.
• Reference curves must be open and cannot intersect.
Follow these steps:

1. Choose FEAT > Create > Surface > New > Advanced > Done.
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2. Choose ADV FEAT OPT > Boundaries > Done > Blended Surf > Done. The
system displays a dialog box and the CRV OPTS menu.
3. Choose Quit Curves from the CRV OPTS menu to activate the dialog box.
4. Choose the Surface Type element in the dialog box and click Define.
5. From the SURF OPTS menu, choose Developable and Done.
6. Select two non-intersecting open curves. Choose Done Curves when finished.
7. Click OK to create the surface feature.
Note: To redefine the surface type to blended, click Surface Type and Define in
the dialog box, and choose Blend > Done from the SURF OPTS menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Select Reference Entities

This procedure explains how to select reference entities (curves, edges, points) to
create a blended surface.
1. When you start defining the Curves element in the Blended Surface dialog box,
the CRV OPTS menu opens with the following options:
o First Dir—Select boundaries in the first direction.
o Second Dir—Select boundaries in the second direction.
o Approx Dir—Select additional curves that the surface will approximate.
2. The First Dir and Add Item options in the CRV OPTS menu are highlighted by
default. Select the entity type from the SELECT ITEM menu and start selecting
reference items. The SELECT ITEM menu lists the following entity types:
o Curve—Select a simple or composite curve. After you select a curve, the

system highlights it in blue. You can then continue selecting curves, or you
can choose another entity type from the SELECT ITEM menu.
o Point/Vertex—Select a datum point or the endpoint of a curve or edge.
o Chain—Select a chain of edges or curves using options in the CHAIN menu.

After selecting a chain of entities, choose Done.
3. While specifying reference curves, you can use the following options in the CRV
OPTIONS menu:
o Add Item—Add a new curve or chain of entities to the end of the reference
list.
o Remove Item—Remove a curve or chain of entities from the reference list

by choosing from the SPECIFY menu.
o Redo Item—Modify a selected curve or chain of entities by reselecting, or

trimming or extending items. Select the curve or chain to be modified using
the SPECIFY menu.
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o Insert Item—Insert a curve or chain of entities in the reference list before

the specified item.
o Show Item—Show all the items in the chain by choosing the name of the
chain from the CRV OPTIONS menu.
4. After you have specified reference entities in the first direction, you can start
selecting entities in the second direction by choosing Second Dir from the CRV
OPTIONS menu. If you want to skip selecting reference entities in the second
direction, choose Done Curves.
5. To select additional curves, choose Approx Dir and select curves to

approximate.
6. When you have finished selecting entities, choose Done Curves from the CRV
OPTIONS menu.
7. Specify other feature elements.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Blended Surface Using Approximate

Curves
To create a blended surface using additional curves, select boundaries in the first and
second directions and continue as follows:
1. Choose Approx Dir and select curves to approximate.
2. Choose Done Curves from the CRV OPTIONS menu.
3. The following new elements appear in the Blended Surface dialog box:
o Smoothness—Specify the smoothness coefficient.
o Num U Patch—Specify the number of patches in the U direction.
o Num V Patch—Specify the number of patches in the V direction.
4. Enter a value for a smoothness parameter. The value must be between 0 and 1,
with 1 being the maximum smoothness.
5. Enter the number of surface patches in each direction. The greater the number of
patches, the closer the surface will follow the curves. If Pro/ENGINEER cannot
construct the surface using the number of patches specified, you can enter a
different number of patches.
6. If necessary, define other optional elements.
7. Choose Preview from the dialog box. The system will print the maximum
deviation of the surface from the optional curves. If this is acceptable, choose OK
from the dialog box to finalize the feature. If you want to decrease the deviation,
choose respecify parameters of the approximate surface.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Specifying Reference Entities

When you select curves for a blended surface, the system lets you select curves in
the First and Second directions. In addition, you can select additional curves that the
blended surface will try to approximate.
The rules for selecting reference entities are as follows:
• Curves, part edges, datum points, and ends of curves or edges can be used as
reference entities.
• In each direction, reference entities must be selected in consecutive order.
• For blended surfaces defined in two directions, the outer boundaries must form a
closed loop. This means that the outer boundaries must intersect. If the
boundaries do not terminate at the intersection points, the system automatically
trims them and uses the relevant portion.
• If you want to use edges or more than one datum curve as one boundary, use
the Chain option in the SELECT ITEM menu.
• Boundaries cannot be defined in the second direction only. For boundary blends
in one direction, make sure to use the First Dir option.
• Curves selected for blending need not contain the same number of points.
When you specify curves or edges defining the shape of the blended surface, the
system remembers the order in which reference entities were selected and assigns
an appropriate number to each chain.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Define Boundary Conditions

By setting Boundary Conditions, you can create blended surfaces that are tangent to
adjacent references (quilts or solid surfaces), are normal to a reference surface or
plane, or have continuous curvature across the boundary with another surface.
1. From the dialog box, choose Bndry Conds and Define.
2. The BOUNDARY menu lists all surface boundaries. As you move the cursor over
the boundary name, the corresponding boundary highlights in cyan. Choose the
boundary for which you want to set Boundary Condition.
3. For the selected boundary, the system brings up a dialog with the Bndry Cond
element selected for definition.
4. Select the type of Boundary Condition by choosing one of the following options in
the BNDRY COND menu, followed by Done:
o Free—No tangency conditions are set along the boundary.
o Tangent—The blended surface is tangent to the reference surface along

the boundary.
o Normal—The blended surface is normal to the reference surface or datum

plane.
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o Crvtr Cont—The blended surface has curvature continuity across the

boundary.
5. For conditions other than Free, select reference surfaces.
6. When the boundary is defined, choose OK from the Boundary # dialog box.
7. Select another boundary from the BOUNDARY menu to continue setting Boundary
Condition, or choose Done.
8. Define other optional feature elements or complete feature creation by choosing

OK from the Blended Surface dialog box.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Defining References for Boundary Conditions

When you define Boundary Conditions, the system attempts to select default
references based on the boundaries specified. You can accept the system defaults, or
you can select your own references by defining the Ref Type element in the
Boundary # dialog box.
Consider the following information about the Ref Type element:
• If Tangent or Crvtr Cont was specified and the boundary consists of a chain of
one-sided edges or a curve from one-sided edges, the element Ref Type is set to
Default, and the boundary automatically has the same reference surfaces as the
one-sided edges.
• If Normal was specified and the boundary consists of a sketched curve, the
element Ref Type is set to Sketching Plane, and the boundary automatically
has the same reference plane as the curve. If Normal was specified and the
boundary consists of a chain of one-sided edges or a curve from one-sided edges,
the element Ref Type is set to Default, and the boundary automatically has the
same reference surfaces as the one-sided edges.
• For all other combinations of Boundary Conditions and boundaries, the element
Ref Type is set to Selected Surface, and the ENTITY menu prompts you to
select a reference surface/plane for each segment of the boundary.
Notes for Using the Crvtr Cont Option

• You can set Crvtr Cont in two directions.
• If you choose Crvtr Cont in one direction, then all curves in the other direction
must also be curvature continuous to the surface.
• You cannot specify Crvtr Cont for a multi-segment boundary.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Specify References for Conditions Other Than

Free
Use this procedure to define Boundary Conditions for a multi-segment boundary. For
a single-segment boundary, start with Step 2.
1. For a multi-segment boundary, you must select reference surfaces for each
boundary segment. Select a segment by choosing the entity name in the ENTITY
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menu. Notice that as you move the cursor over each entity name, the
corresponding boundary segment highlights in cyan.
2. For the selected segment, the system tries to find a default reference surface
and, if found, highlights it in red. You can accept the default, or you can select a
different reference surface, as described in the next step.
Note: If the system cannot find a default reference, it lets you pick your own, as
if you chose the Select option from the SELECT REFS menu (see the next step).
3. To select a reference surface, other than the default one, choose the Ref Type
element and click Define in the Boundary # dialog box. This brings up the REF
TYPE menu. Choose one of these options, followed by Done:
o Default—Use the system default reference.
o Sketch Plane—Use the curve’s sketching plane as the default reference.

This option is available only for sketched datum curves.
o Select—Select a reference surface for each boundary segment. The system

highlights the first boundary segment (or the entire one-segment
boundary) so you can select the corresponding reference. Select reference
surfaces for all boundary segments. Notice that as you move the cursor
over the entity name, the corresponding boundary segment highlights in
cyan.
4. After reference surfaces are specified for the entire boundary, choose OK from
the Boundary # dialog box and continue setting Boundary Conditions for the
remaining boundaries.
Note: To reselect reference surfaces, redefine the Sel Ref element in the Boundary #
dialog box.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Specify Blend Control Points

After you have defined references for the blended surface, you can optionally define
blend control points.
1. Choose the Control Pts element and click Define in the surface creation dialog
box.
2. When you start specifying blend control points, the First Dir and Add Set
options in the OPTIONS menu are highlighted by default. All vertices in the first
boundary are highlighted in red.
3. Select a vertex or datum point from the first boundary.
4. All control points from the consecutive chain will highlight in red. Select a
matching blend control point. To skip one curve, choose Done Sel and select a
point on the next curve.
5. After one set of blend control points is defined, you can specify another set of
blend control points by choosing Add Set. You can also use the following options
in the OPTIONS menu:
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o Remove Set—Remove a set of blend control points from the selection.

Select the name of the set from the SPECIFY menu.
o Redo Set—Respecify points in the set. Select the name of the set from the
SPECIFY menu.
o Show Set—Show a set of blend control points. Select the name of the set
from the SPECIFY menu.
6. To specify blend control points in the second direction, choose Second Dir from
the OPTIONS menu and continue as in Steps 4 through 6.
7. When you have finished defining blend control points, choose Done from the
OPTIONS menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Enable Side Curve Influence

1. Choose the Bndry Inflnc element and click Define in the Blended Surface dialog
box.
2. Select a boundary by choosing its name from the BOUNDARY menu. Notice that
as you move the cursor over each boundary name, the corresponding boundary
highlights in cyan.
3. The INFLUENCE menu appears. Place a checkmark in front of the SideCrvInfInc

option to enable side curve influence for the selected boundary.
4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 to apply this option to other boundaries.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Defining the Boundary Influence Element

You can control geometry of a blended surface so that the shape and properties of
side curves are propagated into the shape of the blended surface. Note that although
the system changes the geometry of the blended surface with respect to the
specified side curve influence, in some cases the resulting changes may not be
visually apparent without using surface visualization/analysis tools.
When you enable side curve influence, the following occurs:
• In a one-directional blended surface, for boundary conditions specified as
Tangent or Curvature Continuous, the system makes the side edges of the
blended surface tangent to the side edges of the reference. The following
illustrations demonstrate the effect of side curve influence on a one-directional
blended surface.
The next figure shows a surface created without using Side Curve Influence.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
1. Blended surface, created tangent or C2 to the reference surfaces

2. Reference surfaces
3. Side curves
4. Bounding curves
5. Side curves
The next figure shows a surface created using Side Curve Influence. Note that in this
example the side curves are used for determining the shape of the side boundaries
(curves a and b) of the blended surface.
1. Side curves
2. Select these boundaries
In a two-directional blended surface, the system propagates the behavior of the side
curves (that border the selected boundary) into the surface shape along the specified
boundary (see the following figure). If you apply side curve influence to Boundary 1,
then the shapes of the side curves a and b are propagated into the surface shape
along Boundary 1.
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1. Boundary 1
2. Curve a
3. Curve b
The following figure demonstrates the effect of side curve influence on a two-
direction blended surface. Note that the blended surface is shown with Porcupine
curvature to illustrate the subtle differences in the surface shape. Notice that when
side curve influence is used (example b in the following figure), porcupine curves
maintain the same curvature pattern of the side curves longer than in the surface
without side curve influence (example a in the next figure).
The next figure shows a surface created without side curve influence.
The next figure shows a surface created with side curve influence.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
1. The arrows point to the curves where SideCrvInflnc is specified. These curves’
properties are propagated into the blended surface.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Tip: Using the Side Curve Influence

There may be cases when the system cannot create a blended surface without using
the side curve influence. One such case appears in the following figure.
In the next example, in order to create a blended surface with tangency between
these two parallel planes, you must enable the side curve influence.
1. Side curves
2. Bounding curves
The next figure shows the resulting surface. Note that you can create this blended
surface only with the side curve influence applied.
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1. Blended surface
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Set the TanInrEdge Option

1. Choose Advanced and Define in the Blended Surface dialog box.
2. The ADV TECH menu appears. To enable inner edge tangency in the first or
second direction, place a checkmark in front of the Dir1 TanInrEdge or Dir2
TanInrEdge option, respectively.
3. Choose Done from the ADV TECH menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Defining the Advanced Element

Define this element to set the "tangent inner edge" condition for one or both
directions of a blended surface. This condition applies only to surfaces with multi-
segment boundaries.
When the TanInrEdge option is selected, the system attempts to create a blended
surface with patches that are tangent across inner edges. In some cases, when
geometry is complex, dihedral angles at inner edges may deviate from 0.
Notes:
• When the TanInrEdge option is not set, the system does not attempt to make
patches tangent across inner edges.
• When tangency across inner edges is not critical, it may be beneficial not to set
TanInrEdge. Specifying less strict tangency conditions may yield a surface
shape which may be more suitable for a particular design.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Setting TanInrEdge Option

The following example illustrates the effects of using the TannInrEdge option.
1. Multi-segment boundary
2. Create a blended surface between these boundaries and tangent along the multi-
segment boundary with the reference quilt.
Notice that in examples a and b, the inner edges of the new blended surface have
different profiles. When TanInrEdge is on, the inner edges may have greater
curvature, as the system attempts to satisfy the tangency requirement across these
edges so that dihedral angles on these edges are equal to zero.
Example a: TannInrEdge is not set for the blended surface.
1. Tangency across these edges is not required.

Example b: TannInrEdge is set for the blended surface.
1. Patches are tangent across these edges.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Modify the Surface by Stretching

1. Choose Stretch and Define from the Blended Surface dialog box.
2. The STRETCH menu displays the following options:
o SetupDisplay—Setup the surface display.
o Srf Analysis—Obtain surface analysis information from using options in the

SURF INFO menu.
o StretchFactor—Specify the stretching method by choosing Drag or Enter

from the FACTOR OPTS menu. The StretchFactor option is available only if
the feature creates a single surface patch.
To stretch a shape dynamically, choose Drag, select the stretch vector

attached to the boundary of the surface, and drag it. You can also stretch
the surface using the sliding scales in the MOVE STRETCH slider.
If you want to stretch the surface by entering the stretch factor, choose
Enter and enter the coefficient for the direction indicated by the highlighted
stretch vector.
3. When you finish stretching, choose Done from the STRETCH menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Modifying the Surface by Stretching

You can stretch the surface by dragging the stretch vector or by entering the stretch
factor.
Note: The Stretch option is available for the boundary blend only if the Boundary
Condition is set to other than Free.
The following rules apply to the stretch factor:
• Default stretch factor is 1.0.
• The stretch factor cannot equal 0 for a blended surface.
• Negative values are not allowed for a two-directional blend.
• Setting the stretch factor to a negative value flips tangency for a one-directional
surface blend.
Creating Other Surfaces from Boundaries
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Conic Surface

1. Choose Create > Surface > New > Advanced > Done > Boundaries >
Done.
2. Choose Conic Surf, Shouldr Crv or Tangent Crv, and Done from the BNDRS
OPTS menu.
3. A dialog box appears, listing the following elements of the surface feature:
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
o Conic Param—Specify the conic parameter.
4. The Boundaries option in the CRV_OPTS menu is active.
5. Define opposite boundaries of the conic surface by selecting two curves/edges.
6. After bounding curves are defined, choose Shoulder Crv or Tangent Crv from
the OPTIONS menu and select the conic curve in the same way as you selected
bounding curves.
7. Choose Done from the OPTIONS menu.
8. Enter the conic parameter value; it must be between 0.05 and 0.95. Sections of
the surface will be one of the following types, according to their conic parameter
value:
0.05 < parameter < 0.5 - ellipse
parameter = 0.5 - parabola
0.5 < parameter < 0.95 - hyperbola
9. Conclude feature creation by choosing OK from the dialog box.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Defining a Conic Surface

There are two types of conic surfaces listed in the OPTIONS menu:
• Shouldr Crv—The surface passes through the control curve. In this case, the
control curve defines the location of conic shoulders for each cross section of the
surface.
• Tangent Crv—The surface does not pass through the control curve. In this case,
the control curve defines the line which passes through the intersections of the
conic sections’ asymptotes.
Rules for selecting curves/edges:

• Only single-segment composite curves can be selected as boundary or control
curves.
• When selecting with the Chain option, the chain can not have more than one
edge/curve component.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Conic Surface

The next figure shows a conic surface created with the ShouldrCrv option.
1. Boundaries
2. Control curve
The next figure shows a conic surface created with the Tangent Crv option.
1. Boundaries
2. Intersection of asymptotes
3. Control curve
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Surface from More Than Four

Boundaries
The N-Sided Surf option in the BNDRS OPTS menu enables you to create blended
surfaces from more than four bounding curves or edges.
1. Choose FEAT > Create > Surface > New > Advanced > Done, or click Insert
> Surface > From Boundaries.
2. Choose ADV FEAT OPT > Boundaries > Done > N-Sided Surf > Done.
3. The system displays a dialog box, listing elements of the surface feature. They
are:
o Bndry Conds—(Optional) Define Boundary Conditions.
4. Select at least five boundaries in the consecutive order for the N-sided surface.
Using the One By One option in the CHAIN menu, select at least five
curves/edges forming a loop. When finished, choose Done from the CHAIN
menu.
Note: The boundaries of the N-sided surface cannot include tangent

edges/curves.
5. To define Boundary Conditions, choose Bndry Cond and Define from the dialog
box.
6. The BOUNDARY menu lists all surface boundaries. As you move the cursor over
the boundary name, the corresponding boundary highlights in cyan. Choose the
boundary for which you want to define Boundary Conditions.
7. For the selected boundary, the system brings up a dialog box with the Bndry
Cond element selected for definition.
8. Specify the boundary condition by choosing one of the following options in the
BNDRY COND menu, followed by Done:
o Free—No tangency conditions are set along the boundary.
o Tangent—The blended surface is tangent to the reference surface along

the boundary.
o Normal—The blended surface is normal to the reference surface or datum

plane.
9. For conditions other than Free, accept the defaults or select reference surfaces.
10. To complete the feature creation, click OK in the dialog box.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Quilt with the TangentToSrf Option

Use the TangentToSrf option to create a new quilt that is tangent to a surface.
1. Choose Surface > New > Advanced > Done.
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2. Choose TangentToSrf followed by Done from the ADV FEAT OPT menu.
3. The dialog box appears, listing feature elements.
4. Specify the trajectory of the tangent draft using options in the CHAIN menu.
5. Select curves on the parting surface to define the trajectory of the non-solid
tangent draft.
6. Specify the pull direction by selecting a plane normal to the pull direction.
7. Select the approximate location on the reference model where the draft should
be tangent to the reference above the draft line. It is recommended to pick near
the draft curve (if present) above the parting surface.
8. The INSPECT menu opens, allowing you to perform the following actions:
o Change—Modify the non-solid tangent draft by changing its pull direction,

draft line, point of tangency, or closing its open ends. To close the open
ends of the non-solid tangent draft, you must specify surfaces to close to.
o Show—Display the non-solid tangent draft.
o Info—Open a window listing information about the feature, including

parent feature, internal feature ID, and feature name.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Surface-to-Surface Blend

Use Srfs to Srfs option to create a smooth surface or solid transition between two
surfaces.
The surfaces used for this feature must have matching tangency points for each
point on their surfaces, such as with two spheres. The surfaces must be inclined
toward each other by at least a 30° angle.
1. Choose Srfs to Srfs from the ADV FEAT OPT menu.
2. Select the first surface to form the tangent surface boundary.
3. Select the second surface.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Section-to-Surface Blend

Use the Sect to Srfs option to create a transitional surface or solid between a set of
tangent surfaces and a sketched contour. The set of surfaces selected for the
tangent boundary must be closed.
1. Choose Sect to Srfs from the ADV FEAT OPT menu.
2. Pick surfaces to form the tangent boundary. The surfaces must be tangent to
each other. Pick all the surfaces, then choose Done Sel.
3. Select or create the sketching plane for the section boundary.
4. Specify the direction of feature creation and enter Sketcher mode.
5. Sketch the section boundary. The section must be closed.
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6. Choose Done from the SKETCHER menu.
Merging Quilts
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Merge Two Quilts

Two adjacent or intersecting quilts can be merged. The resulting quilt is a separate
feature, coincident with the two original quilts.
1. Choose Create > Surface > Merge. The Surface Merge dialog box appears.
2. Select the Primary quilt that will become the parent of the Merge feature.
3. Select the Additional quilt that you want to merge with the Primary quilt.
4. The system creates geometry by intersecting quilts. The Primary quilt is meshed
in cyan; the Additional quilt is meshed in red.
5. By default the system uses the Intersect merge type. To define the merge type,
choose the appropriate button:
o Intersect—Attach two intersecting quilts. You can specify which portion of

the quilt to include in the merge feature by selecting Side 1 or Side 2 for
each of the quilts.
o Join—Merge two adjacent quilts by aligning the edges of one quilt to the
surfaces of the other. To be merged, the one-sided edges of one quilt must
lie on the other quilt. If one quilt extends beyond the other one, you can
specify which portion of the quilt to include in the merge feature by
selecting Side 1 or Side 2.
6. After you have created the desired geometry, you can choose the OK or
Preview, or you can continue merging quilts by choosing Repeat. If you choose
Repeat, the current dialog box closes and a new one opens with the Primary
quilt preselected. To continue the process, select the Additional quilt.
Notes:
• In Assembly mode, surface merge is available only for surfaces that belong to the
same component.
• If the Merge feature is deleted, the original quilts remain.
• The Primary quilt becomes the parent quilt for the Merge feature.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Parental Hierarchy of Quilts

When you are merging two or more quilts, the parental hierarchy of quilts
determines how the quilts are affected by such commands as Redefine and Delete.
The Primary quilt becomes the parent quilt. The Additional quilt is merged with the
Primary quilt.
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A merged quilt consists of three portions: two or more quilts that provide the
geometry, and a merge feature that contains the information for the surface
intersection or union, that is, joining.
The original surfaces are parents of the merge feature. Pro/ENGINEER determines
the parent of each successive quilt by the first selected feature of the merge before
it.
When you create a datum point or a datum curve projected onto a quilt, the parent
of the datum feature is the first parent of the quilt (the first reference selected in the
quilting process).
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Merging Two Quilts

The next example illustrates merging two intersecting quilts.
1. Select these two quilts

The next figure illustrates how to define which portion of the quilt to keep.
1. Keep this surface

The next figure shows the resulting merged quilt.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Trimming Quilts
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Trimming Quilts

You can trim quilts in several ways:
• By adding a cut or slot as you do to remove material from solid features
• By trimming the quilt at its intersection with another quilt or to its own silhouette
edge as it appears in a certain view
• By filleting corners of the quilt
• By trimming along a datum curve lying on the quilt
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt Using a Basic Form

1. Choose Create > Surface > Trim.
2. Choose one of the FORM options: Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Blend, or

Advanced. Choose Solid or Thin and Done. The Cut dialog box opens.
3. Select the quilt to trim.
4. Start creating the cut geometry, as you do for solid protrusions. The surface
definition that you create with Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Blend, or Advanced
is used only for trimming and will not appear in the model.
5. If you create geometry using the Solid option, specify the side of the quilt to
keep by choosing Side 1, Side 2, or Both Sides from the DIRECTION menu.
Choose Done. Selecting either side of the quilt to keep preserves references of
the original quilt.
6. If you chose Both Sides, an additional element Primary Quilt is added to the
dialog box so that you can specify which of the two new quilts will inherit the
children of the original quilt. To do this, choose Primary Quilt and Define in the
dialog box. Choose Side 1 or Side 2 and Done from the DIRECTION menu.
7. Choose OK.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt Using the Use Quilt Option

You can trim a quilt using another quilt or a datum plane.
Note: Upon completing the operation, the system deletes the trimming quilt. If you
want to keep the trimming quilt, make a copy of it first.
1. Choose Create > Surface > Trim > Use Quilt > Done. The Cut dialog box
opens.
2. Select a quilt to be trimmed.
3. Select a datum plane or quilt to define the trim line.
4. Specify the side of the quilt to keep by choosing Side 1, Side 2, or Both Sides
from the DIRECTION menu. Choose Done.
dialog box so that you can specify which of the two new quilts will inherit children
of the original quilt. To do this, choose Primary Quilt and Define in the dialog
box. Choose Side 1 or Side 2 and Done from the DIRECTION menu.
6. Choose OK.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt with the Use Curves Option

1. Choose Create > Surface > Trim > Use Curves > Done. The Cut dialog box
opens.
3. Using commands in the CHAIN menu, select a continuous chain of curves, inner
surface edges, or part edges. When you have finished, choose Done from the
CHAIN menu.
6. Choose OK.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Trimming with the Use Curves Option

With the Use Curves option you can trim a quilt along a chain of datum
curves/edges.
The rules for defining a surface trim using a datum curve are as follows:
• You can use a continuous chain of datum curves, inner surface edges, or solid
model edges to trim a quilt.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
• Datum curves used for trimming must lie on the quilt to be trimmed and should
not extend beyond the boundaries of this quilt.
• If the curve does not extend to the boundaries of the quilt, the system calculates
the shortest distance to the quilt boundary and continues the trim in this
direction.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Trimming with the Use Curve

Option
1. Select these datum curves.
2. This arrow indicates the portion to keep.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt Using the Vertex Round

Option
Use the Vertex Round option to create fillets on outer quilt edges.
1. Choose Create > Surface > Trim > Vertex Round> Done.
2. Choose Vertex Round and Done from the FORM menu. The CUT dialog box
appears.
3. Select vertices at the corners of the quilt to be rounded and choose Done Sel. All
selected vertices must belong to the same quilt.
4. Enter the fillet radius. This radius will be applied to all selected vertices.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Trimming the Vertex Round Option

The next figure shows the corners to be rounded with the Vertex Round option.
1. Select these vertices to be rounded.
The next figure shows the resulting quilt.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Trim a Quilt Using the Silhouette Option

Use the Silhouette option to trim a quilt using its outline seen in a particular view
orientation.
1. Choose Create > Surface > Trim > Silhouette> Done. The Cut dialog box
opens.
3. Select or create a planar surface or datum plane to specify the viewing direction.
The viewing direction is normal to this plane.
6. Choose OK.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Using the Silhouette Option

The next figure shows the original quilt.
1. Pick this surface to trim.

2. Arrow points to the portion of the surface to keep.
3. Pick this plane as the viewing direction.
The next figure shows the resulting surface, trimmed to a silhouette line.
1. The remaining portion of the surface
Transforming Quilts
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About the Transform Option

The Transform command from the QUILT SURF menu allows you to translate,
rotate, or mirror quilts and/or datum curves. You can transform either the selected
quilts/curves or you can create their copies and manipulate them, leaving the
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original features intact. Dimensional values that you entered for displacement can be
later modified.
You can also use Transform to flip the surface normal.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Translate and Rotate Quilts and Datum

Curves
1. Choose Surface > Transform > Move, Copy or No Copy, and Done.
2. Select a quilt and/or datum curves to move, then choose Done Sel.
3. From the MOVE FEATURE menu, choose Translate or Rotate.
4. Select references for displacement using options in the GEN SEL DIR menu:
o Plane—Use a normal to a selected plane as a direction.
o Crv/Edg/Axis—Use a curve, edge, or axis as a direction.
o Csys—Use an axis of a coordinate system as a direction.
5. A red arrow will appear, indicating the direction for the operation. Choose Flip or
Okay.
6. Enter the offset distance for the translate operation, and/or the angle for the
rotate operation.
7. To finish the operation, choose Done Move from the MOVE FEATURE menu.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Mirror Quilts and Datum Curves

1. Choose Surface > Transform > Mirror, Copy/No Copy, and Done from the
OPTIONS menu.
2. Select curves and surfaces to mirror. Choose Done Sel when you have finished.
3. Select or create a datum plane about which to mirror the entities.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Flip the Surface Normal

Use the Flip Normal command to change the direction of the surface normal.
1. Click Surface > Transform > Flip Normal.
2. Click one of these options, followed by Done:
o Copy—Change the direction of the surface normal.
o No Copy—Create a copy of the selected surface. The surface normal of the

copied surface is opposite to that of the original surface.
3. Click Done.
4. Select a surface.
5. The system shows a red arrow indicating a new direction of the normal.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
6. Click Confirm to accept, or Cancel to abort.
Extending Quilts
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Extending a Quilt

You can extend a quilt with the Extend command by using one of the following
methods listed in the OPTIONS menu:
• Same Srf—Create the extension of the same type as the original surface (for
example, plane, cylinder, cone, spline surface). The original surface will be
"continued" past its selected original boundaries by a specified distance.
• Approx Srf—Create the extension as a boundary blend.
• Along Dir—Extend the surface edge in a direction normal to a specified

terminating plane. This option is valid only in combination with Up To Plane.
• Tangent Srf—Create the extension as a ruled surface that is tangent to the

original surface.
When extending quilts with the Same Srf or Tang Srf options, consider the
following:
• You can indicate whether the extension distance will be measured along the
surface or a datum plane by selecting one of these options in the OPTIONS
menu:
Dist On Srf—The extension distance is measured along the surface being

extended.
Dist In Pln—The extension distance is measured along a selected datum plane.
• You can specify a single or variable distance extension. To indicate the desired
type of extension, choose Single Dst or Variable in the OPTIONS menu.
• You can enter either a positive or negative value for surface extension. You
cannot mix positive and negative values for the same operation. Entering a
negative value will cause a surface to be trimmed.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using Same Srf and

Variable
1. Choose Extend from the QUILT SURF menu.
2. From the OPTIONS menu, select the following options: Same Srf, Variable, Dist
On Srf or Dist In Pln, and Done.
3. Use options in the CHAIN menu to specify edges to be extended. The selected
edges highlight in cyan. Choose Done from the CHAIN menu.
4. The vertices belonging to the extension boundaries highlight in green. Indicate

where you want to specify the extension distances by selecting from the GET EXT
DIST menu:
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o Vert By Vert—Specify the extension distance for vertices in the selected

chain of edges. Each vertex in the selected chain highlights consecutively so
you can specify the extension. To skip a particular vertex, choose Skip
from the MEASURE DIST menu.
o Sel Pnt/Vert—Select a datum point or vertex for which the extension is

specified.
5. For a selected point, specify the extension using one of the following methods:
To extend a specified distance, choose Specify Dist from the MEASURE DIST
menu. Indicate whether the distance should be measured normal to the boundary
or along the highlighted edge by choosing either Norm To Bnd or Along Edge.
If you selected Norm To Bnd and more than one surface boundary can be
referenced, use Next Normal to indicate the required boundary. If you selected
Along Edge and more than one edge can be referenced, use Next Along to
indicate the required edge. After the reference is established, choose Accept and
enter an extension value.
To extend up to a vertex, choose Up To Vertex from the MEASURE DIST menu.

After the vertex highlights, choose Accept.
6. To continue specifying extensions at other points, repeat Steps 4 and 5.
7. When you have finished defining extensions, choose Done/Return from the GET
EXT DIST menu.
8. For each side edge, specify the direction in which it will be extended by choosing
from the SIDE EDG DIR menu, followed by Done. The choices are as follows:
o Ext SideEdge—A side edge is created as an extension of the surface’s side

edge.
o Norm To Bnd—A side edge is normal to the boundary.
o NextSideEdge—A side edge is an extension of the next available edge.
9. If you are extending up to a vertex, choose an option from the END EDGE DIR
menu, followed by Done. The choices are:
o Parallel Edge—The surface boundary is parallel to the original boundary.
o Tangent Edge—The surface boundary is tangent to an adjacent edge.
10. The SURF EXTEND menu appears. If you want to finalize the extension operation,
choose Done Extend. To obtain information on extension parameters, choose
Info. To redefine the extension parameters, choose Define and complete the
following steps.
11. Redefine the extension using these options in the DEF EXTEND menu:
o Edges—Reselect the edges to be extended. To reselect edges, choose

Edges from the DEF EXTEND menu. Choose Select to add more edge, or
Unselect to remove any edges. After you are finished, choose Done from
the CHAIN menu.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
o Ext Dist—Respecify the extension distance for selected points. Choose an

option from the GET EXT DIST menu. The MEASURE DIST menu will
appear. Pick a datum point or vertex and proceed as you did originally (see
Step 4). To remove the extension definition from a particular vertex or
datum point, select this point and set it to Free. To conclude the operation,
choose Done/Return from the GET EXT DIST menu.
o End Cond—For each side, redefine how a side edge will be extended by
choosing Ext SideEdge or Norm To Bnd from the SIDE EDGE DIR,
followed by Done.
12. When you have finished, choose Done Extend.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using Same Srf and Single

Dist
2. From the OPTIONS menu, select the following options: Same Srf, Single Dist,
Dist On Srf or Dist In Pln, and Done.
3. Using options in the CHAIN menu, specify edges to be extended. The selected
4. Select an edge from the chain to measure distance from.
5. Enter the extension distance.
6. For each side edge, specify the direction in which it will be extended by choosing
Ext SideEdge or Norm To Bnd from the SIDE EDGE DIR menu, followed by
Done.
Info. To redefine the extension parameters, choose Define.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using the Approx Srf

Option
When you extend surfaces with the Approx Srf option, the system creates an
extension as a boundary blend. This method is particularly beneficial when you
extend the surface up to a vertex that does not lie along a straight edge. In addition,
this method is useful for extending imported surfaces that may have been poorly
created in other systems (for example, when surfaces have high curvature or bad
vertices).
To extend a surface with Approx Srf, follow the procedure for the Same Srf option.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using Tangent Srf and

Variable
2. From the OPTIONS menu, select the following options: Tangent Srf, Variable,
4. The vertices belonging to the extension boundaries highlight in green. Indicate

where you want to specify the extension by selecting from the GET EXT DIST
menu:
Vert By Vert—Specify the extension distance for vertices in the selected chain of
edges. Each vertex in the selected chain will highlight consecutively to allow you
to specify the extension. To skip a particular vertex, choose Skip from the
MEASURE DIST menu.
When specifying an extension distance for a vertex shared with another edge
from the selected chain, you may enter two different extension values if an inner
edge does not originate at this vertex. However, if an inner vertex has a
corresponding inner edge, only one extension distance can be specified for this
vertex.
Sel Pnt/Vert—Select a datum point or vertex for which the extension will be
specified.
1. For a selected point, specify the extension as follows. Indicate whether the
distance should be measured normal to the boundary or along the highlighted
edge by choosing either Norm To Bnd or Along Edge. If you selected Norm To
Bnd and more than one surface boundary can be referenced, use Next Normal
to indicate the required boundary. If you selected Along Edge and more than
one edge can be referenced, use Next Along to indicate the required edge. After
the reference is established, choose Accept and enter an extension value.
2. If you want to continue specifying extensions at other points, repeat Steps 4 and
5.
3. When you have finished defining extensions, choose Done/Return from the GET
EXT DIST menu.
4. For each side edge, specify the direction in which it will be extended.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using Tangent Srf and

Single Dist
2. From the OPTIONS menu, select the following options: Tangent Srf, Single Dst,
4. Select an edge for which you want to specify the extension distance.
5. Enter the extension distance for the edges.
6. For each side edge, specify the direction in which it will be extended.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Extend a Quilt Using the Along Dir Option

Use the Along Dir option to extend a quilt normal to the plane.
2. From the OPTIONS menu, choose Along Dir and Up To Plane, and Done.
3. Using options in the CHAIN menu, specify edges to be extended.
4. The selected edges highlight in cyan. Choose Done from the CHAIN menu.
5. Create or select a datum plane or a planar surface up to which you want to

extend the quilt.
6. At this point, you can:
Complete feature creation by choosing Done Extend from the SURF EXTEND
menu.
Obtain information on extension parameters by choosing Info from the SURF

EXTEND menu.
Modify the definition of the extend feature by choosing Define from the SURF
EXTEND menu. To reselect edges, choose Edges from the DEF EXTEND menu. To
reselect the terminating plane, choose To Plane from the SURF EXTEND menu.
When you have finished, choose Done Extend.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Using the Along Dir Option

The next figure shows a quilt to extend with the Along Dir option.
1. Select this quilt to extend

2. Select this loop to indicate surface edges to extend.
3. Select this planar surface to extend to.
The next figure shows the extended quilt.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Obtain Information about Extension

Parameters
After you have entered all necessary parameters for feature creation, the SURF
EXTEND menu appears with the Info option. Selecting Info displays the INFO
EXTEND menu with the following options:
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
• Edges—Show edges selected for extension.
• Ext Dist—Display the currently set extension distances.
Creating Draft and Area Offsets
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Draft Offsets

Use the Draft Offset option to create an area offset with drafted side surfaces.
The draft offset feature is available for solid surfaces and quilts. To access the Draft
Offset option for solids, choose Solid from the FEAT CLASS menu, Tweak from the
SOLID menu, and Draft Offset from the TWEAK menu. To access the Draft Offset
option for quilts, choose Surface from the FEAT CLASS menu and then Draft Offset
from the QUILT SURF menu.
You can apply a bevel angle to side surfaces of the draft offset. The system uses this
angle to draft all side surfaces relative to their default position (defined by either the
Norm to Surf or the Norm to Sketch attribute). The range for the bevel angle is 0
to 60 degrees (default is 30).
Several closed loops can be selected for the draft offset operation, as shown in the
next picture.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Draft Offset

1. Choose Feature > Create > Surface > Draft Offset, or choose Feature >
Create > Solid > Tweak > Draft Offset.
2. The dialog box for creating the draft offset feature appears with the following
elements:
o Attributes—Specify the direction of offset and the method for creating the
offset surface.
o Surfaces—Specify reference surfaces for creating an offset.
137
o Section—Sketch the section defining the area of the reference surfaces to

be offset.
o Profile Type—Specify the profile type for the sides of the draft offset.
o Offset Value—Enter the offset value.
o Bevel Angle—Specify the bevel angle.
3. To define attributes, choose the Attributes element and Define from the dialog
box.
4. Choose options from the ATTRIBUTES menu by taking one option from each
submenu. The options are:
Specify the default direction of side surfaces:
o Norm to Surf—Create a draft offset with side surfaces normal to reference

surfaces.
o Norm to Sket—Create a draft offset with side surfaces normal to the

sketching plane.
Specify the method of producing the offset surface:
o Offset—Offset the specified area.
o Translate—Translate the specified area. The resulting offset surface uses

the same radius as the original surface.
5. Choose Done from the ATTRIBUTES menu.
6. Select reference surfaces by using options in the SURF SELECT menu. When you
finish, choose Done.
7. Define the area to be offset by sketching one or more closed sections. Specify the
sketching plane and horizontal references. Sketch and regenerate the section.
Choose Done in the SKETCHER menu to finalize the sketch.
8. Define the profile type by choosing one of the following options in the PROF TYPE
menu, followed by Done:
o Tangent—Side surfaces are tangent to the offset and reference surfaces

with a spline profile.
o Straight—Side surfaces are straight.
9. Enter the offset value in the direction of the red arrow. If you enter a negative
value, it should not be more than a local thickness of the model.
10. Enter a value for the bevel angle.
11. When you finish defining the feature, choose OK from the dialog box.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create an Area Offset

The Area Offset lets you offset an area of the quilt. This feature works the same
way as Tweak > Offset.
Notes:
• The selected area of the quilt should not have one-sided edges.
• You can select several surfaces to offset.
1. Choose Surface > Area Offset. The OPTIONS menu appears.
2. Make these selections from the OPTIONS menu:
Select one of these two options:
o Normal Off—Offset in a direction normal to the original surface.
o Transl Off—Translate the offset a specified distance in the specified

direction. For sketched regions, translate the offset a specified distance
normal to the sketching plane.
Note: Curved surfaces do not change shape when they are translated.
o Sket Region—Offset an area of the quilt defined by a section. Sketch the

section of an offset feature on a plane. The system projects the section
onto the selected surfaces along the sketch plane normal direction.
o Whole Surf—Offset a whole surface, defined by a loop of inner edges.
o SideNrmToSrf—Make the side surfaces of an offset area normal to the

original surface.
o SideNrmToSkt—Make the side surfaces of an offset area normal to the

sketching plane.
3. Choose Done from the OPTIONS menu.
4. Select surfaces to offset. Choose Done Sel.
5. If you selected the Sket Region option, sketch a section.
6. Specify the depth of the feature.
Freeform Surfaces
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Freeform Features

You can create a freeform feature either as a solid tweak feature or as an advanced
surface feature.
The Free Form option allows you to "push" or "pull" on a surface, interactively
changing its shape either to create a new surface feature, or to modify a solid or
139
quilt. Whenever the underlying surface changes shape, the freeform feature also
changes shape proportionally. The real-time surface definition feedback allows you to
immediately evaluate and modify the surface as required.
Display options for the surface include porcupine curvature, deviation, Gaussian
curvature, sectional curvature, slope, intersection curves, reflection curves, and
cosmetic shading.
For a freeform surface, you can use the boundaries of the underlying base surface.
Alternatively, you can sketch the boundaries of the freeform surface; the system will
then project them on the underlying base surfaces.
The grid boundaries may extend beyond the underlying base surface. When creating
a freeform surface, you can trim or extend it to fit the underlying surface boundaries.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Example: Sample Freeform Surface

In the next picture, the underlying surface boundaries appear in dashed font. The
base surface is shown meshed.
1. Base surface grid boundaries
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Select an Entire Surface for the Freeform

Surface
1. Choose Create > Solid > Tweak > Free Form.
2. Choose Pick Surf from the FORM OPTS menu, then Done. The FREE FORM
dialog box opens.
3. Select an existing surface.
4. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the first direction. Enter the number
of control curves in this direction.
5. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the second direction. Enter the
number of control curves in this direction.
6. The Modify Surface dialog opens. You can select a point on the grid to drag, or
optionally you can use the Modify Surface dialog box to define the Poly Motion
region, turn on the dynamic diagnostics, or use sliders.
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Pro/ENGINEER 2001
7. When finished tweaking, click the OK button in the Modify Surface dialog box.
8. Click OK in the dialog box to create the freeform feature.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Sketch a Boundary Region

1. Choose Solid > Tweak > Free Form.
2. Choose Sket On Pln and Done from the FORM OPTS menu. The FREE FORM
dialog box opens.
3. Select the sketching plane.
4. Specify model references. Sketch a circle or a rectangle.
5. The SURF SELECT and SURF OPTIONS menus appear. Select the surfaces to add.
When you have finished, choose Done from the SURF SELECT menu.
of control curves in the direction of the arrow.
7. The system displays another grid of isolines in the second direction. Enter the
number of control curves in the direction of the arrow.
Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Freeform Quilt

1. Choose Create > Surface > New > Advanced > Done > Free Form > Done.
The FREE FORM dialog box opens.
2. Select an existing surface to provide the solid or quilt reference (base) surface for
the freeform surface definition.
of control curves in this direction.
4. The system displays a grid of red isolines in the second direction. Enter the
number of control curves in this direction.
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Index
3 creating a parallel.......................67
3D sweep dimensioning a section................67
creating.................................... 60 imported from file ......................66
3D sweep ...............................56, 60 importing ..................................64
A making cuts in a parallel .............67
Advanced modifying imported ....................64
SRF OPTS menu ........................ 99 non-parallel ......................... 68, 70
Advanced .................................. 105 open rotational ..........................71
Angle of revolution sections ....................................62
revolved feature ........................ 51 sketching active section ..............67
Angle of revolution........................ 51 specifying tangent surfaces..........68
Approximate curve starting points ...........................62
benefits and drawbacks .............. 33 subsection start point .................67
Approximate curve ....................... 33 toggling sketching section ...........67
area offset ................................. 139 types ........................................61
Auto Fit option ........................... 101 Blend feature... 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68,
70, 71, 73
Axis command
Blended Surf command ................ 106
Datum menu ............................... 5
blended surface
Axis command ............................... 5
approximating curves................ 108
B
basic procedure........................ 106
Blend command
boundary influence ................... 112
SOLID OPTS menu ..................... 61
defining boundary conditions ..... 109
SRF OPTS menu ........................ 99
definition................................. 106
Blend command ......................61, 99
N-sided patch .......................... 121
Blend feature
section-to-surface .................... 122
capping .................................... 71
selecting references .................. 107
closed rotational ........................ 71
stretching................................ 118
closed section............................ 68
surface-to-surface .................... 122
creating.................................... 61
tangent inner edge ................... 116
creating a general ...................... 73
143
blended surface............ 106, 108, 122 approximate ..............................33
Boundaries command exact ........................................32
ADV FEAT OPT menu ................ 105 naming .....................................32
Boundaries command.................. 105 redefining..................................32
boundary blend Composite datum curve ......31, 32, 33
conic surface ........................... 119 conic surface
boundary blend .......................... 119 creating .................................. 118
boundary conditions overview ................................. 119
defining .................................. 109 conic surface .......................118, 119
defining the Ref Type element ... 110 Constraints
specifying references................ 110 datum plane ............................... 3
boundary conditions............. 109, 110 Constraints.................................... 3
boundary influence ..................... 112 Controlled Fit option .................... 101
C Coordinate system
C1 continuous creating ....................................40
curves ...................................... 31 from file ....................................41
helical sweep profile ................... 92 offset........................................41
C1 continuous .........................31, 92 Coordinate system .................. 40, 41
C2 continuous Copy command
curves ...................................... 31 SURF FORM menu .................... 102
C2 continuous .............................. 31 Copy command........................... 102
Centerline Copying features
revolved feature ........................ 51 datum curve ..............................22
Centerline.................................... 51 Copying features ...........................22
Chain Create
selecting................................... 34 parallel blend .............................67
Chain .......................................... 34 sweep .......................................54
Color Create ................................... 54, 67
datums....................................... 1 Csys command
Color............................................. 1 Datum menu .............................39
Composite datum curve Csys command .............................39
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Index
Cut names ....................................... 2
in parallel projected blends ......... 67 selecting .................................... 2
Cut ............................................. 67 Datum plane ..............................2, 3
D Datum point
Datum axis creating on a curve or edge .......... 9
color .......................................... 1 creating on-the-fly......................10
naming....................................... 5 redefining..................................12
Datum axis ................................ 1, 5 sketched .................................... 9
Datum curve Datum point ....................6, 9, 10, 12
at surface intersections............... 14 Datum point array
composite ................................. 31 creating ..................................... 8
copying .................................... 22 modifying ..................................11
creating a sketched .................... 13 options ...................................... 8
formed ..................................... 22 Datum point array..................... 8, 11
from equation ........................... 21 Depth attribute .............................48
importing.................................. 14 draft offset
offset from boundary.................. 19 bevel angle.............................. 137
offset from surface..................... 16 creating .................................. 137
projected .................................. 24 for solid surfaces ...................... 137
redefine from file ....................... 14 draft offset ................................. 137
sketched................................... 13 Draft Offset command
split ......................................... 16 QUILT SURF menu .................... 137
through points........................... 28 Draft Offset command ................. 137
two-projection ........................... 21 E
using cross section..................... 15 Evaluate command
Datum curve .... 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, Datum menu .............................45
22, 24, 28, 31
Evaluate command ........................45
Datum plane
Evaluate feature
constraints.................................. 3
creating ....................................45
creating...................................... 3
relations....................................46
creating on-the-fly ....................... 2
Evaluate feature ..................... 45, 46
145
Exclude command depth options....................... 48, 62
SURF SELECT menu ................. 104 helical sweep .............................92
Exclude command ...................... 104 swept blend ...............................85
extending quilt surfaces Feature....................... 48, 62, 85, 92
along the direction ................... 135 Fillet command
information on extenstion ......... 136 SRF OPTS menu ....................... 101
methods for extending.............. 131 Fillet command ........................... 101
same surface using single distance fillet surface ............................... 101

.......................................... 133
Flat command
same surface using variable distance
SRF OPTS menu ....................... 100
.......................................... 131
Flat command............................. 100
tangent surface using single distance
.......................................... 135 Flat surface feature ..................... 100
tangent surface using variable Flip Normal command
distance............................... 134
OPTIONS menu ........................ 130
using approximate surface ........ 133
Flip Normal command .................. 130
extending quilt surfaces 131, 133, 134,
135, 136 flipping the surface normal ........... 130
Extrude Formed datum curve
SRF OPTS ................................. 99 on quilt .....................................24
Extrude ....................................... 99 on solid surface..........................22
Extrude command Formed datum curve ............... 22, 24
SOLID OPTS menu ..................... 46 Free Form command.................... 139
Extrude command ........................ 46 freeform surface
Extrude feature overview ................................. 139
creating.................................... 46 selecting an entire surface ......... 140
direction of creation ................... 46 sketching boundaries ................ 141
section ..................................... 47 freeform surface .......... 139, 140, 141
sketching feature ....................... 47 G
Extrude feature .......................46, 47 Graph
F evaluation .................................79
Feature mapping....................................79
blend ....................................... 62 redefining..................................44
146
Index
Graph ....................................44, 79 loops ......................................... 105
Graph command M
Datum menu ............................. 43 merged quilts
Graph command........................... 43 parental hierarchy .................... 123
H merged quilts ............................. 123
Helical sweep feature merging quilts ............................ 123
creating.................................... 94 Mirror command
with constant pitch..................... 92 SURF MODEL menu .................. 130
with variable pitch ..................... 95 Mirror command ......................... 130
Helical sweep feature ......... 92, 94, 95 mirroring a quilt.......................... 130
Helical Swp command N
ADV FEAT OPT menu .................. 92 New command
Helical Swp command ................... 92 QUILT SURF menu ......................99
Hole feature New command..............................99
blind ........................................ 48 N-sided blended surface
Hole feature................................. 48 creating .................................. 121
I N-sided blended surface............... 121
Importing blends .......................... 64 O
Include Offset command
SURF SELECT .......................... 103 ATTRIBUTES ............................ 137
Include...................................... 103 SRF OPTS menu ....................... 101
Intent Chain command Offset command ..................101, 137
CHAIN menu ............................. 37 offset methods
Intent Chain command .................. 37 Normal to Surf ......................... 101
Intent Surfs command offset methods............................ 101
SURF OPTIONS menu ................. 37 Offset point
Intent Surfs command................... 37 creating ....................................11
L Offset point ..................................11
loops offset surface feature
excluding ................................ 105 special handling ....................... 101
filling...................................... 105 offset surface feature................... 101
147
P SURF SELECT menu .................. 104
Parallel projected blend Redefine command...................... 104
cuts in ...................................... 67 Relations
Parallel projected blend ................. 67 evaluate feature .........................46
Pitch parametric graph........................84
graph in helical sweep ................ 95 sweep .......................................84
helical sweeps ........................... 92 Relations................................ 46, 84
Pitch ......................................92, 95 Revolve command
planar surface ............................ 100 SRF OPTS menu .........................99
Point command Revolve command .........................99
Datum menu ............................... 6 Revolved feature
Point command .............................. 6 about........................................50
Project Sec angle of revolution......................51
BLEND OPTS ............................. 68 creating ....................................50
Project Sec .................................. 68 sketching ..................................51
Projected datum curve Revolved feature..................... 50, 51
selecting................................... 27 Rotate cmmand
sketching.................................. 24 MOVE FEATURE menu ............... 130
Projected datum curve .............24, 27 Rotate cmmand .......................... 130
Q Rotational command
quilt BLEND menu .............................71
extending ............................... 131 Rotational command......................71
merging.................................. 123 S
methods for trimming............... 125 section-to-surface blend............... 122
mirroring ................................ 130 Shouldr Crv command
transforming ........................... 129 OPTIONS................................. 119
R Shouldr Crv command ................. 119
Redefine Show command
graph ....................................... 44 SURF SELECT menu .................. 103
Redefine...................................... 44 Show command .......................... 103
Redefine command Sketch command
148
Index
DATUM POINT menu .................... 9 Sweep command
Sketch command............................ 9 SOLID OPTS menu .....................55
Solid Surfs command SRF OPTS menu .........................99
SURF OPTIONS menu ............... 103 Sweep command................... 55, 105
Solid Surfs command .................. 103 Sweep feature
Srfs to Srfs command along a composite curve..............84
ADV FEAT OPTS menu .............. 122 sketching section........................76
Srfs to Srfs command.................. 122 specifying tangency ....................83
stretching a blended surface ........ 118 three-dimensional ......................56
surface copy trajectory ..................................56
excluding loops................. 102, 105 trajectory parameter...................84
filling loops ...................... 102, 105 trajectory rules ..........................54
selecting surfaces .................... 103 variable section ..........................76
surface copy ................ 102, 103, 105 Sweep feature .. 54, 56, 75, 76, 83, 84
surface feature Swept Blend command
blended (see also boundary blend) ADV FEAT OPT menu ..................86
.......................................... 106
Swept Blend command ..................86
blended surface ....................... 106
Swept blend feature
copying solid surface (see also
controlling perimeter ..................89
surface copy) ....................... 102
creating ....................................86
creation methods ....................... 99
modifying ..................................90
fillet ....................................... 101
restrictions ................................85
flat ........................................ 100
Swept blend feature ..... 85, 86, 89, 90
joining to a quilt ...................... 100
T
merge .................................... 123
Trajectory
new ......................................... 99
helical sweep .............................92
offset ..................................... 101
rules for defining ........................54
tangent to surface.................... 121
variable section sweep ................76
surface normal
Trajectory .........................54, 76, 92
flipping ................................... 130
Trajpar
surface normal ........................... 130
in sweeps ..................................79
surface-to-surface blend .............. 122
149
Trajpar........................................ 79 using a basic form .................... 125
Transform command using a quilt ............................ 126
QUILT SURF menu ................... 129 using curves ............................ 126
Transform command ................... 129 using its silhouette ................... 128
transforming quilts ..................... 129 using the vertex round .............. 127
Translate command trimming a quilt .......................... 125
ATTRIBUTES menu................... 137 U
MOVE FEATURE menu............... 130 Use Quilt command
Translate command ............. 130, 137 FORM menu............................. 126
Trim command Use Quilt command ..................... 126
QUILT SURF menu ............ 125, 126 V
Trim command .................... 125, 126 Vertex Round command
trimming a quilt FORM menu............................. 127
overview................................. 125 Vertex Round command ............... 127
150

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Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About the Old User Interface ............................................ 1

Creating Features ........................................................................................ 1

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Control Datum Display................................................. 1

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About an Extruded Feature .............................................. 46

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Revolved Features ................................................. 50

Creating a Surface Feature ........................................................................99

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Different Ways to Create a Surface....................... 99

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Surface Copy .............................................. 102

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Advanced Surface Features................................. 105

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Merge Two Quilts..................................................... 123

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Trimming Quilts.................................................. 125

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About the Transform Option .......................................... 129

Extending Quilts..................................................................................... 131

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Extending a Quilt ................................................ 131

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Draft Offsets........................................................ 137

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Freeform Features ............................................... 139

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About the Old User Interface

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Control Datum Display

DATUM FEATURE CONFIGURATION OPTION

Datum plane datum_display

Datum axis axis_display

Datum point datum_point_display

Coordinate system display_coordinate_sys

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Datum Planes

Datum Plane Colors and Names

Selecting Datum Planes

Creating Datum Planes On-the-Fly

• Datum planes created on-the-fly cannot be referenced by other features.

• When you create datum planes on-the-fly to use in creating a cross-sectional

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Plane

3. Pick the necessary references on the model.

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Datum Constraints

o Offset/Plane—Create a datum plane that is parallel to a plane and is

o Offset/Coord Sys—Create a datum plane that is normal to one of the

o BlendSection—Create a datum plane through the section that was used to

The offset of an Offset/Plane and Offset/Coord Sys datum plane is a parameter

The following constraints must be used in combination with other constraints:

o Normal > AxisEdgeCurv

o Normal > Plane

o Parallel > Plane

o Tangent > Cylinder

o Through > Point/Vertex

o Angle > Plane

Using a Composite Curve as a Reference

It is good practice to use a composite curve as a references, rather than its

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Datum Axes

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create a Datum Axis

o Thru Edge—Create a datum axis through the specified straight edge.

o Normal Pln—Create an axis that is normal to a surface, with linear

o Pnt Norm Pln—Create an axis through a datum point and normal to a

o Two Planes—Create a datum axis at the intersection of the two specified

o Two Pnt/Vtx—Create an axis between two datum points or edge vertices.

o Pnt on Surf—Create an axis through any datum point located on a surface.

o Tan Curve—Create an axis that is tangent to a curve or edge at its

3. Pick the necessary references for the selected option.

Tips for creating datum axes:

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 About Datum Points

Pro/ENGINEER 2001 To Create Datum Points

o On Surface—Create a datum point on a surface. Dimension the datum

o Offset Surf—Create a datum point offset in a specified direction from a