- Thermodynamics - is the study of energy conversion between heat and mechanica l work, and subsequently the macroscopic variables

such as temperature, volume a nd pressure. - The study of the thermodynamics involves system and surroundings where all the experimentation is done for the discovery of the device - One of the important fields of thermodynamics is heat transfer, which relates to transfer of heat between two media (or mediums). There are three modes of hea t transfer: conduction, convection and radiation. - Sadi Carnot - onsidered to be the father of thermodynamics, proposed Carnot th eorem and Carnot cycle - Carnot's theorem - a principle which sets a limit on the maximum amount of eff iciency any possible engine can obtain, which thus solely depends on the differe nce between the hot and cold temperature reservoirs. Carnot's theorem states: 1.All irreversible heat engines between two heat reservoirs are less efficient t han a Carnot engine operating between the same reservoirs. 2.All reversible heat engines between two heat reservoirs are equally efficient with a Carnot engine operating between the same reservoirs. - first law: The first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the principle o f conservation of energy. The law expresses that energy can be transformed, i.e. changed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. - 2nd Law: The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal pr inciple of decay observable in nature. This decay is measured and expressed in t erms of a physical property called entropy, stating that the entropy of an isola ted system can never decrease. - entropy - is a measure of the amount of energy which does no work during energ y conversions. From a thermodynamic point of view, machines are energy conversion devices. Thus , such devices can only be driven by convertible energy. The combination of ther mal energy and entropy is already converted energy. - Third Law: The third law of thermodynamics is a statistical law of nature rega rding entropy and the impossibility of reaching absolute zero, the null point of the temperature scale. Applications of Thermodynamics 1) All types of vehicles that we use, cars, motorcycles, trucks, ships, aeroplan es, and many other types work on the basis of second law of thermodynamics and C arnot Cycle. 2) All the refrigerators, deep freezers, industrial refrigeration systems, all t ypes of air-conditioning systems, heat pumps, etc work on the basis of the secon d law of thermodynamics. 3) All types of air and gas compressors, blowers, fans, run on various thermodyn amic cycles. 4) The concept of heat transfer is used in wide range of devices like heat excha ngers, evaporators, condensers, radiators, coolers, heaters, etc. 5) study of various types of power plants like thermal power plants, nuclear pow er plants, hydroelectric power plants, power plants based on renewable energy so urces like solar, wind, geothermal, tides, water waves etc,

6) Renewable energy is an important subject area of thermodynamics that involves studying the feasibility of using different types of renewable energy sources f or domestic and commercial use. Brief Historyt Of The Company 15 years ago Steelpro Phils. Inc. was established primarily to produce tubes fo r hardware purposes but now is producing tubes and pipes used in many industries like the automotive fabrication company. We supply to various big companies suc h as Honda Phils. , Kawasaki Phils. , and such other companies. Ingredients Used: One of the main ingredients used in making the said product is Mother Coil (cold rolded and hot rolded). Others include cement, water, metals, chemicals and oth er liquids. Machines Used and Their Uses: Siemens D.C. Converter - For controlling D.C. Motores when related to physics, the Siemens D.C. Converter drives varies speed of a D.C. motor by controlling D.C. voltage NUSCO Flying Cut Off Machines - for precise cutting of the pipes - uses frequency inverter that varies speed of an A.C. motor. Nippon Denko High Frequency Welding Machines - To weld the pipes - uses highe frequency welding both edges of the tube to weld When related to Thermodynamics, Thermodynamics plays an important role when prod ucing such products especially because the process of creating these products in volves the mixing of different materials and welding of the products. Also, it p lays a major role in this industry because of the use of several motors. As we h ad explained using the different laws of Thermodynamics stated earlier, Thermody namics involves the change in temperature and transfer of heat/enegry through di fferent objects. In this industry, it is crucial to know the specific temperatur es of the metals, chemicals, machines, etc. of everything they use so that they can secure the stability and quality of their products, especially because pipes are used everywhere. Because pipes are very widely used everywhere, it is impor tant for the industry to study, not only the pipes, but also the place where the y will be used. For example, the pipes are needed for the transfer of water (like in the water p ipe system of a building); the manufacturer must study the themodynamics of the pipes to choose an appropriate pipe/pipes for that said system. It is important so that they will know what will be passing through the pipes and the varying te mperatures it will have to withstand so that the pipes that they provide can be ensured to be durable and quality. Thermodynamics is considered to be one of the most important parts of our day-to -day life. Whether you are travelling in any vehicle, sitting comfortably in you r air-conditioned room, watching television etc, you will notice the application s of thermodynamics almost everywhere directly or indirectly. When Sadi Carnot, the boy considered to be the father of thermodynamics, proposed theorem and cycl e, hardly anybody had imagined that his proposals will play such a major role in creation of automobiles that would become one of most important parts of the hu man life. The development of almost all types of engines can be traced to the Ca rnot Theorem and Carnot Cycle. At this stage of our life can we imagine the life without automobiles. Of course one cannot forget the importance of Stirling, Di esel, Otto and Ericsson also created their own independent cycles that resulted in more innovations and betterment of the automobiles. The study of thermodynamics involves various laws of thermodynamics that include : First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Third Law of Thermo dynamics, Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, Boyle s law, Charles Law, etc. The foundat ion of these laws was laid by Sadi Carnot with his invention of the Carnot Cycle

and Carnot Theorem. The study of these laws of thermodynamics help unravel nume rous mysteries of the nature, not only for materialistic achievement, but also f or gaining spiritual wisdom, for a number of these laws like the third law relat ed to entropy helps understanding the secrets of existence of the human life. *** (first law: The first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the principl e of conservation of energy. The law expresses that energy can be transformed, i.e. changed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. It is usually formulated by stating that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of he at supplied to the system, minus the amount of work performed by the system on i ts surroundings.) *** ***(2nd Law: The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal principle of decay observable in nature. This decay is measured and expressed in terms of a physical property called entropy, stating that the entropy of an iso lated system can never decrease. It will tend to increase over time if not at th ermodynamic equilibrium, reaching a maximum value when equilibrium is reached.)* ** ***(Third Law: The third law of thermodynamics is a statistical law of nature re garding entropy and the impossibility of reaching absolute zero, the null point of the temperature scale. The most common enunciation of the third law of thermo dynamics is: As a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value. This minimum value, the residual entropy, is not necessarily zero, although it i s almost always zero in a perfect, pure crystal.)*** ***(Entropy: Entropy is a macroscopic property of a thermodynamic system that is a measure of the microscopic disorder within the system. It is defined by the s econd law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic systems are made up of microscopic ob jects, e.g., atoms or molecules, which carry energy. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the thermodynamic entropy is a measure of the amount of ener gy which does no work during energy conversions. From a thermodynamic point of view, machines are energy conversion devices. Thus , such devices can only be driven by convertible energy. The combination of ther mal energy (or its equivalents) and entropy is already converted energy.[citatio n needed] This is the reason why Rudolf Clausius in 1865 coined the term entropy based on the Greek e?t??p?a [entropa], a turning toward, from [en-] (in) and [tr ope] (turn, conversion).)*** ***(Zeroth Law: The zeroth law of thermodynamics is a generalization principle o f the thermal equilibrium among bodies, or thermodynamic system s, in contact. S ystems are in thermal equilibrium if they do not exchange energy in the form of heat. The zeroth law states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a thir d system then they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. This means that thermal equilibrium is transitive and it affords the definition of an empirical physical parameter, called temperature, which is the same for al l systems in thermal equilibrium. The law permits the construction of a thermome ter to measure this property)*** To understand various concepts of thermodynamics some important terms related to thermodynamics have to be understood. The study of the thermodynamics involves system and surroundings where all the experimentation is done for the discovery of the device. There are various types of thermodynamic processes that help impl ementing thermodynamic laws for various thermodynamic applications.

Applications of Thermodynamics 1) All types of vehicles that we use, cars, motorcycles, trucks, ships, aeroplan es, and many other types work on the basis of second law of thermodynamics and C arnot Cycle. They may be using petrol engine or diesel engine, but the law remai ns the same. 2) All the refrigerators, deep freezers, industrial refrigeration systems, all t ypes of air-conditioning systems, heat pumps, etc work on the basis of the secon d law of thermodynamics. 3) All types of air and gas compressors, blowers, fans, run on various thermodyn amic cycles. 4) One of the important fields of thermodynamics is heat transfer, which relates to transfer of heat between two media. There are three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation. The concept of heat transfer is used in wi de range of devices like heat exchangers, evaporators, condensers, radiators, co olers, heaters, etc. 5) Thermodynamics also involves study of various types of power plants like ther mal power plants, nuclear power plants, hydroelectric power plants, power plants based on renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, tides, water wa ves etc, 6) Renewable energy is an important subject area of thermodynamics that involves studying the feasibility of using different types of renewable energy sources f or domestic and commercial use. The list of the applications of thermodynamics is very long and if you want to m ention the individual applications, these can be infinite. Thermodynamics involv es the study of infinite universe and it indeed has infinite applications. No ot her field of study is as closely associated to human life as thermodynamics. For me the study of thermodynamics is the path to salvation.