In the short term:

Anger Depression Anxious avoidance of settings in which bullying may occur. Greater incidence of illness Lower grades than non-bullied peers Suicidal thoughts and feelings (In one British retrospective bullying experiences survey I came across (of unknown scientific value), 20% of the sample attempted suicide secondary to having been bullied, whereas only 3% of participants who were not bullied attempted suicide).

In the long term:

Reduced occupational opportunities Lingering feelings of anger and bitterness, desire for revenge. Difficulty trusting people Interpersonal difficulties, including fear and avoidance of new social situations Increased tendency to be a loner Perception of self as easy to victimize, overly sensitive, and thin-skinned Self-esteem problems (don't think well of self) Increased incidence of continued bullying and victimization

1. constantly criticized and subjected to destructive criticism (often euphemistically called constructive criticism, which is an oxymoron) explanations and proof of achievement are ridiculed, overruled, dismissed or ignored 2. denied annual leave, sickness leave, or especially compassionate leave 3. denied information or knowledge necessary for undertaking work and achieving objectives 4. isolated and excluded from whats happening (this makes people more vulnerable and easier to control and subjugate) 5. undermined, especially in front of others; false concerns are raised, or doubts are expressed over a persons performance or standard of work however, the doubts lack substantive and quantifiable evidence, for they are only the bullys unreliable opinion and are for control, not performance enhancement 6. have their responsibility increased but their authority removed 7. subject to excessive monitoring, supervision, micro-management, recording, snooping etc

8. are given the silent treatment: the bully refuses to communicate and avoids eye contact (always an indicator of an abusive relationship); often instructions are received only via email, memos, or a succession of yellow stickers or post-it notes 9. denial of the right to earn your livelihood including preventing you getting another job, usually with a bad or misleading reference 10. facing dismissal on fabricated charges or flimsy excuses, often using a trivial incident from months or years previously 11. either overloaded with work (this keeps people busy [with no time to tackle bullying] and makes it harder to achieve targets) or have all their work taken away (which is sometimes replaced with inappropriate menial jobs, e.g. photocopying, filing, making coffee) 12. regularly the target of offensive language, personal remarks, or inappropriate bad language 13. find requests for leave have unacceptable and unnecessary conditions attached, sometimes overturning previous approval. especially if the person has taken action to address bullying in the meantime 14. receive unpleasant or threatening calls or are harassed with intimidating memos, notes or emails with no verbal communication, immediately prior to weekends and holidays 15. do not have a clear job description, or have one that is exceedingly long or vague; the bully often deliberately makes the persons role unclear

A bully is a person who has never learnt to accept responsibility for their behavior. He wants to enjoy the benefits of living in the adult world, but who is unable and unwilling to accept the responsibilities that are a prerequisite for being part of the adult world. He also abdicates and denies responsibility for their behavior and its consequences (abdication and denial are common features of bullying). Another peculiar behavior of a bully is his inability and unwillingness to recognize the effect of their behavior on others. He does not want to know of any other way of behaving and is unwilling to recognize that there could be better ways of behaving.

Power A person may use their position of power or their physical dominance over those who are perceived to be weaker. The bullying is often dependent upon the perceived power of the bully over their victim.

Self-Esteem Bullies may put down others to boost their own self-esteem and confidence to help deal with personal feelings of inadequacy. Difference An individual or group may become targets of workplace bullying because others perceive them as being new or different. Perceived Threat Some people bully others because the other person is perceived as a threat to them personally, or a threat to their position within the company. Organisational Culture The culture of a workplace is often shown by its values, beliefs and what is considered to be normal behaviour. When the culture is positive it encourages individuals to adopt appropriate behaviours that promote respect of others. Conversely, employees may find themselves in a negative culture where inappropriate behaviours and attitudes are encouraged or condoned by management and bullying is seen as normal behaviour for the majority of people in the workplace.

There are several types of bullies, but only two reasons; the environment they were brought up in: feelings of insecurity or, parents that pushed to have their son or daughter to be high achievers. There are some bullies that have superficial charm but are insincere; ego maniacal and have an art for manipulation. Then there are the Narcissistic personalities which include grandiose behavior and are very self focused and lack empathy towards other coworkers which includes Management to employees. They want to be high achievers and will step on and over anyone that comes between the goal they hope to achieve. Perfectionists are extremely difficult to work with because they feel the work by others in the company would never be as good as what they can do; are rigid and stubborn in character and they become dictators (little Hitlers.) Psychiatrists and Psychologists agree that some business people can be psychopathic in nature. When people hear the word 'psychopath' they assume that person would harm others physically or 'get rid of them' by other means, but this is not true in most cases and as dubbed by specialists these types of bullies are 'business people who are successful psychopaths and the criminals as unsuccessful psychopaths.' Excessive bullying in a company indicates that Management is

doing an extremely poor job protecting their employees (and this is part of their job.) Management can have poor communication skills; allow bad moral standards; pick and choose their favorite employees while also giving them special privileges or a position in the company; bonus or pay raise. This type of Management always looks for a scapegoat when things get tough. In the case of poor Management the abuse creates verbal abuse; completely ignoring an employee; threat of dismissal and humiliation. Women are more apt to be bullied than men as the men are more aggressive when it comes to man on man no matter if it is their boss or someone in Management. Whether the bully holds a high position in a company or it is an employee they feel no remorse; guilt or empathy for the person or persons they have targeted. In the U.S. there are 49% of people that are working in a hostile bullying situation. There is a variety of bully that may seem reserved; quiet; perhaps shy; but underneath they can cause quite the damage to the individual they do not like for reasons of their own. They are sly and crafty at manipulation; can lie simply because they can because they hold a position or if an employee they are sure it is through these tactics they have become a good employee in their own mind with hopes of being successful in that company. Bullies are both products of situation and flawed personalities. Many studies have demonstrated that bullying is associated with a negative and stressful work environment. If the company is a solid one then one or more employees have the right to address their concerns individually or as a group to Management. It's wise to size up Management in a company to be sure they do care about their employees because some companies have Management that encourages bullying tactics although they consider it 'keeping the employees in line' or, 'fear factor.' WBI is the only U.S. organization dedicated to the eradication of workplace bullying and that combines research, public education counseling for employees and for those employers interested in coping with bullies in their company and legislative advocacy.