Meiosis Flip Book Materials: 18 strips of index card approx.

1 by 5 inches colored pencil or pen rubber band 5-peso coin Directions: Begin by getting 18 index cards and cutting them in half, so as to have long 1 by 5 inch strips. Make a title page. Since your cell will not begin to change shape until later, you should then draw the same sized cell on slides 2-12 in the same location. (This should be towards one end and leave enough room for second cell division.) You could use a 5-peso as a template or draw them another way, but it is important that the position and shape be constant for this part. After slide 12 you will have to change the shape of the cell until you end up with four daughter cells. This is an illustration of an animal cell going through meiosis. Using an animal cell with 4 chromosomes as a model, draw the events in the cell cycle as follows: Top strip titled Mitosis illustrated by Your Name Strip no. general outline 2 early prophase I 3 middle prophase I 4 late prophase I 5-8 metaphase I 9-12 anaphase I 13-16 telophase I/cytokinesis 17-20 prophase II 21-24 metaphase II 25-28 anaphase II 29-32 telophase II 33-36 cytokinesis Use these notes as an aid to get the procession of pictures correct. Each drawing should vary only slightly from the one before it. When the book is flipped through quickly, the process of mitosis should appear to be in motion. A technique is to draw a cell at a distinct phase and then work between different drawings. Or follow the specific steps outlined below. You should take care to keep the cell size and position similar. And be sure to orient the chromosomes similarly as you step through the pictures. You must write the major events of the parts of the cell cycle on slides: # 2, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25 and 29 on the back of the cards. Please keep the text on the 2/3 of the card toward the side of the drawings.

PROPHASE I Prophase I has a unique event -- the pairing (by an as yet undiscovered mechanism) of homologous chromosomes. Synapsis is the process of linking of the replicated homologous chromosomes. The resulting chromosome is termed a tetrad, being composed of two chromatids from each chromosome, forming a thick (4-strand) structure. Crossing-over may occur at this point. During crossing-over chromatids break and may be reattached to a different homologous chromosome. Early Prophase I o Chromatins begins to condense following interphase Middle Prophase I o Synapsis aligns homologous chromosomes and chromosomes shorten o Chiasmata become evident Late Prophase I o Coiling and shortening of the chromosomes continue METAPHASE I Metaphase I is when tetrads line-up along the equator of the spindle. Spindle fibers attach to the centromere region of each homologous chromosome pair. ANAPHASE I Anaphase I is when the tetrads separate, and are drawn to opposite poles by the spindle fibers. The centromeres in Anaphase I remain intact. TELOPHASE I Telophase I is similar to Telophase of mitosis, except that only one set of (replicated) chromosomes is in each "cell". Depending on species, new nuclear envelopes may or may not form. Some animal cells may have division of the centrioles during this phase. PROPHASE II During Prophase II, nuclear envelopes (if they formed during Telophase I) dissolve, and spindle fibers reform. All else is as in Prophase of mitosis. Indeed Meiosis II is very similar to mitosis. METAPHASE II Metaphase II is similar to mitosis, with spindles moving chromosomes into equatorial area and attaching to the opposite sides of the centromeres in the kinetochore region. o Kinetochores of the paired chromatids line up across the equator of each cell o Chromatids of the chromosomes finally separate becoming chromosomes in their own right, and are pulled to opposite poles ANAPHASE II During Anaphase II, the centromeres split and the former chromatids (now chromosomes) are segregated into opposite sides of the cell. TELOPHASE II Telophase II is identical to Telophase of mitosis. Cytokinesis separates the cells. o Chromosomes gather into nuclei, and the cells divide o Each four cells has a nucleus with a haploid number of chromosomes

Scoring: 40 pts total Your flipbook must contain the following: o Title page: Your name and process illustrated o 35 sequential frames that clearly illustrate the process o Write a description of what is happening in the phase in your drawing on 4 slides: #2, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25 and 29 o Creativity, Neatness, Effort