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1. Heading: List your contact information at the top of the resume. Include your full name,
mailing address, phone number and e-mail address. If you have a personal Web site, include
the URL only if the site shows off your skills or applies to your career goals.
2. Objective: The objectives section gives recruiters an immediate sense of who you are and
what you're looking for, without forcing them to wade through the entire resume. If you decide
to include an objective, stress what you'll add to the company, not what you're looking to take
away.
Summary: Public relations professional with five years of experience managing PR campaigns
across multiple media, working with national and local press and coordinating large-scale
events.
4. Employment Experience: List your experience chronologically, with your most recent job
first. If your latest experience wasn't the most impressive, arrange your list by importance.
Include the company name, location, your title and dates of employment. Also, give a brief
description of your accomplishments.
Your resume should be customized to reflect the skills and experience desired for each
particular job. If you do not have a lot of paid work experience, you may list volunteer and
internship work. Use specific examples and numbers whenever possible.
5. Education: List most recent degree first, including type of degree, name and location of
school, and dates. You may also want to add your GPA (if 2.8 or higher).
6. Skills: Today's workers are more tech-savvy than ever, so make sure you mention your
technical and computer skills. List programming languages, software programs and operating
systems you've used as well as certifications you have. Don't forget "soft skills" like foreign
languages and public speaking. Always include memberships in professional organizations,
because it shows you're serious about your career. Mentioning your interests is optional.
Listing activities and hobbies can portray you as a well- rounded person, but it can raise
eyebrows, too. Be careful what you list. (You should probably keep your passion for
professional wrestling to yourself.)
7. Awards and Affiliations: Include any honors you have received, or positions you have
held in community organizations
8. References: Don't waste valuable space on references. Employers assume you'll provide
them upon request. Finishing Touches:
• Create several versions of your resume, each tailored to the type of position you're
applying for. Writing multiple resumes can be time-consuming, but it's a small price to
pay for the job you want.
• If you're applying for a specific job, research the position and company. Pay attention
to the job requirements, and highlight your qualifications as they reflect the hiring
company's needs.
• Be concise. Stick to one page. Make sure every word is meaningful.
• Choose fonts that are easy-to-read, clean and consistent. Don't use non-traditional or
overly creative fonts.
• Read, edit and re-read your resume to make sure it's well written, clear and typo-free.
Do it again. Then, ask your friends and family to do the same.
• If you use an online resume, consider saving a text (".txt") version that will look good
on any computer. Send your resume as an attached file and also paste the text into
the body of the e-mail just to be safe. Online resumes should also include plenty of
keywords, since they may be searched.
• With some self-evaluation, careful organization and savvy choice of words, your
resume will rise to the top of the pile on any recruiter's desktop.
• Emphasize your most important responsibilities even if they weren't your primary
duties.
• Use active voice. Strong sentences are those in which a subject performs an action
(active voice) as opposed to an action being performed on the subject (passive voice).
"I planned an event," creates a stronger impression than "An event was planned by
me."
• Impress employers with cause-effect relationships and tangible results. Quantify your
achievements with percentages and numbers like "increased enrollment 20 percent"
and "supervised three-person staff."
• Use descriptions to highlight your sense of initiative. Paint yourself as a "go-getter"
with strong verbs like "proposed," "launched" and "managed."
Resume Keywords:
Using "action words" is a guaranteed way to capture the attention of hiring managers by
strongly highlighting your past accomplishments. Replace your bland and boring verbs with
some of the powerful action words below:
CV Don't's:
The manager recruiting for the position you’ve applied for will be faced with an enormous pile
of CVs, which they will put into 3 piles; “yes” – interview, “no” – reject, and “maybe” – come
back to later if the “yes” pile fails to deliver.
For your CV to be put into the “yes” pile it must very clearly state the skills you have to offer.
It’s important to remember that we’re talking about technical recruitment and our clients
therefore want to see technical skills. The recruiting manager may have only a matter of
seconds to initially scan your CV, so the skills must be immediately apparent. How can you
achieve this?
The most effective way to demonstrate technical skills is to provide a breakdown of the
projects you’ve worked on. Remember that a project should comprise the following pieces of
information:
• Title
• Timescales
• Number of staff involved
• Technology used
• Technology you used
• Your role
• What you actually did
Sell Yourself
Writing “I was an analyst programmer” does not do you justice. Far more effective is:
“Accounting Project - 6 months, team of 5
I worked as a developer on a complete rewrite of an Accounting application. The software was
written in VB6 with a SQL Server database using an ODBC and linked to a back end Mainframe
running MVS.
My role required me to speak to users covering initial requirements and then design the
screens. I also talked to the database designer regarding the Entity Relationship Diagram and
became involved in writing SQL stored procedures. The majority of my time was spent coding
in VB5 using AD02, and I also gained exposure to COM and DCOM. The last month of the
project was spent testing the software using SQA Team test.”
Providing this type of breakdown for 3 projects you’ve been involved in will ensure that you
submit a CV that tells the reader exactly what you did. If what you’ve done is what the reader
wants, then your CV will be put into the “yes” pile.
OK Answer: “I don't know; I am pretty good at most things I do. If I get offered this job and
decide to take it I'm sure I could rise to the occasion. I've always been successful in the past”.
Evaluation: It may sound acceptable, but it is lacking in several ways. First, the language is
weak. Phrases such as “I don't know” and “pretty good” do not reflect the sort of
aggressiveness required to break into the best companies. Further, lumping this position with
everything else the applicant has done dilute the person's success and real enthusiasm for this
particular position. Finally, the suggestion that the applicant might not take the position once
offered also reflects a lack of enthusiasm.
Winning Answer: “Given my history, this is the perfect position at this point in my career. I
have been studying this field and watching your organization for several years in anticipation
of such an opportunity. I have the requisite skills [tell a brief story to prove it]. I am in a
perfect position to take this job and really run with it”.
Evaluation: This is a strong response because it tells the interviewer the applicant has both
the skill and the knowledge to do the job. The story illustrating the applicant's skill reinforces
the initial statement. Finally, the applicant's intention to “run with it” supports the desired
enthusiasm and aggressiveness.
2. What is your greatest strength and weakness, and how will these affect your
performance here?
Analysis: The biggest danger with this question is that it is really two questions in one, plus a
follow-up. The two pitfalls are not taking the part about strengths seriously enough, and
taking the part about weaknesses too seriously. Remember, your responses will not only
inform the interviewer of your assets and liabilities but also present a broad view of your
values and your sense of self-worth.
OK Answer: In terms of strengths, I really can't pinpoint one thing that stands out. I think
my skills are pretty well rounded. As far as weaknesses go, I guess I get bored if a project
drags on too long.
Evaluation: The biggest problem with this response is that the applicant essentially refuses to
answer the first part of the question. The response to the second part hints at a potential lack
of enthusiasm. Finally, the responses to the first two parts of the question leave the applicant
with little chance for a respectable response to the third point.
Winning Answer: In terms of strengths, I believe my greatest asset is that I have a highly
organized mind, capable of creating order out of confusion. My greatest weakness perhaps is
that I have little patience for people who don't value the same sense of order that I do. I
believe my organizational skills can help this organization achieve its goals more quickly, and
that my appreciation of streamlining complex problems can sometimes rub off on my
coworkers.
Evaluation: This response does three important things. It clearly identifies the applicant's
greatest strength. It identifies a weakness that really could just as easily be perceived as a
strength. Finally, it points out the benefits of the applicant's strength and weakness to the
organization and to other employees.
Analysis: This is a simple question designed to gauge your ambition and see if your level of
investment in your future dictates an investment in you by the company.
OK Answer: I don't know; I've got my B.A. in management and I think I got a pretty good
education. I think real world experience is far more valuable than anything you learn in school.
Evaluation: Although this response attempts to show the applicant in a positive light and
indirectly to flatter the interviewer (who is part of the “real world”), it speaks poorly of
applicant's willingness to improve. Consequently, applicant conveys, at best, a lack of ambition
and, at worst, arrogance.
Evaluation: This response shows ambition, enthusiasm, and drive. It also shows that the
applicant has a discriminating mind and is careful about making major career decision.
Analysis: Your answer will tell the interviewer, first, how comfortable you are with the notion
of influencing others, and second, how able you are at influencing.
OK Answer: I usually depend on the value of the idea. If it's a good idea and the people I'm
dealing with are reasonable, I generally don't have much trouble getting my ideas accepted.
Evaluation: This response does not address the real problem, which is how you deal with
people who don't think your ideal is good. It suggests that you are willing to work in a
pleasant situation, but not in a discordant one.
Wining Answer: That's something I have worked very hard on over the years. At some point
I realized that good ideas, even great ideas, sometimes don't get accepted. I now appreciate
the fact that the way you present an idea is just as important as the idea itself. When trying to
influence people I usually try to put myself in their position and think about their perspective.
I'm then able to present thoughts to them in a way more likely to succeed.
OK Answer: I like to think that we can be friends. After all if you're going to work closely with
someone you might as well get to know that person. That way everyone understands each
other and you can avoid a lot of unnecessary conflict.
Evaluation: The worst thing about this answer is that it shows a high level of immaturity.
Everyone knows that “conflict” is an inevitable part of the working life. The notion that
creating close friendship can simplify things shows a real lack of understanding of the
relationship between work and personal boundaries.
Analysis: This question is designed to shed some light on an applicant's character. It's one
those questions that seems to have nothing to do with an applicant's potential, but it reflects a
trend in business for hiring people with high personal standards as well as strong skills.
OK Answer: I think people would say I'm a fun person to be with. The best way to describe
me is I like to work hard and play hard.
Evaluation: Although this response may sound entirely positive to some of you, it raises
several problems. First, it does not answer the question, leaving interviewer wondering
whether applicant has any chose relationships.
Winning Answer: My friends are very important to me. The most important aspect of my
relationship with them is the sense that we can rely on each other. We're all very busy so
there are times we don't meet often. With the few people I would call close friends; what
counts is knowing that we are there for each other.
Analysis: The response to this question, gives the interviewer an overall impression of your
ability to communicate effectively. It is one of the most critical communication questions
because 80 percent of the people leave their jobs because they don't fit in with other people.
Your ability to communicate your effectiveness in peer relationships will help ease the
interviewer's concern that you may be a bad match.
OK Answer: I get along mostly with everyone. I am an easygoing kind of person. I've never
really met anyone that I couldn't get along with. Once in a while everyone meets someone
that they don't like as much as the rest of the staff, but I try to overlook that. If someone is
really obnoxious they usually don't last anyway – so I wait it out, knowing that eventually
they'll disappear.
Evaluation: Although this response seems fairly harmless, it has several problems. First, no
one gets along with everyone. After making this broad statement the interviewee then goes to
talk about people that he or she doesn't like, which makes the response sound somewhat
contradictory.
Winning Answer: I generally get along very well with coworkers. Occasionally I might run
into a conflict with someone. When that happens I usually focus on what the conflict is about
rather then on personalities. I find that approach helps me maintain a respectful relationship
with anyone, and often leads to resolution and strengthened relationships.
Evaluation: This response suggests that applicant is well balanced, with a high level of
human relation skills. By making the distinction between problems and personalities, applicant
appears to be someone who has worked out problems in the past and has a history of
successful interpersonal relationships.
8.Under what conditions have you been most successful in your undertakings?
Analysis: This question probes the conditions under which you work best. Your response will
reveal information about your preferred way of working, factors that influence your chances of
success, and possibly your limitation.
OK Answer: I can succeed at just about anything I put my mind to. As long as I know what's
expected of me, I usually get results.
Evaluation: Although this seems like a reasonable response, it has flaws. It is what we would
call a generic response that leaves a weak impression at best. The real problem with this
answer is that it presumes the organization is looking for people who are good at following
others directions, not charting their own. In these lean times, most corporations are seeking
people who are self-motivated. Communicating that you are someone who needs direction
from others can be deadly.
Evaluation: This response demonstrates that applicant has solved difficult problems in the
past, has thought about strategy, and has developed a method for solving difficult problems. It
also shows a sense of confidence and willingness to use proven skills in the future.
Analysis: The most obvious thing about this question is that the interviewer wants to hear
that applicant is a hard worker. The key is presenting a response that shows applicant's
willingness and ability to fulfill responsibilities.
OK Answer: My energy level on a particular task depends on the difficulty of the task and
how badly I want to achieve it. If I decide that something is really important I'll put my 100%
into it and make it happen.
Evaluation: The first mistake here is the introduction of the idea that applicant has a limited
reservoir of energy. No successful company is interested in anyone who doesn't seem to have
unbounded energy. Second, the notion that the applicant works hard only on tasks that he or
she is personally committed to suggests an unwillingness to accept less than desirable
assignments.
Winning Answer: For me the question is not how hard I work. It's given that if I've set an
objective or if I've been given an important assignment, I would work as hard as necessary to
achieve the desired results. The question for me is how smart do I work – that is, what can I
do to make the completion of the task come as easily and smoothly as possible so that I can
move on to other things.
Evaluation: The strength of this response is that it suggests that applicant has unlimited
energy and high level of commitment. It also indicates that applicant approaches problems so
as to ensure maximum utilization of his or her resources – what the question was really after.
Analysis: Leadership potential is one of the most highly valued traits in the corporate world.
Your response to this question can go a long way in the campaign for a job offer.
OK Answer: Some people are born leaders and I think I'm one of them. I don't think
leadership is a quality you can teach. Either you have it or you don't.
Evaluation: This response does not say anything substantive about applicant, and it implies
that this person would not contribute to the leadership potential of other people in the
organization.
Winning Answer: I've had several jobs where I've played a leadership role, responsible for
seeing that jobs get done, and I've always had successful outcomes. More important though, I
feel in the past few years that I've developed the ability to spot potential in others and have
been able to foster their development. For me, that's the real challenge of leadership; helping
others meet their potential.
Evaluation: This indicates that you have a successful track record. More important, it shows
that you have an understanding of what the outcome of effective leadership can be, thus
suggesting that you are speaking from experience.
11.What are your personal long-term and short-term goals? How did you determine
them? How did you prepare to meet them, in the long run and short run?
OK Answer: I read somewhere that my generation will be the first one in Pakistan history to
be worse off than the previous generation. That concerns me and my goal is to make sure I
don't come up short in the long run. That may sound pessimistic but I'm a realist and I believe
it's important to face facts.
Evaluation: Aside from focusing on the negative condition of the economy - an unwise move -
this response is deficient for several reasons. First, it attempts to lump all the questions into
one. Second, it is too philosophical, thus revealing nothing about planning or organizing.
Finally, it suggests that applicant has a less than optimistic view of his or her future and is
primarily concerned with overcoming obstacles and surviving - not thriving.
Winning Answer: Like any realistic goals, mine change periodically. My personal strategy,
both long and short term, is to keep assessing where I am in relation to a current goal and
modifying my plans accordingly. For e.g., every five years I establish a personal plan with an
overall goal and set of objectives. I review my progress every six months and make the
necessary modification. My current plan obviously includes a career shift toward more
satisfying work. Aside from that, I'm meeting the personal goals I've set most recently.
Evaluation: This response shows an organized mind, one adept at planning. By discussing
your approach to personal goal setting, you convey a sense of self-esteem and confidence in
your ability to manage personal affairs.
Arrive 15 minutes early the first day, and 5-10 minutes early on the following days.
• Being prepared and ready to go at the start of your day, instead of rushing in the door
in the nick of time, will start every work day off right!
Take notes! Bring a small notebook, and take notes as you go. Things to jot down:
As you finish tasks and projects, ask for new ones if you are not sure what to do next.
• After the first week on the job, it can be helpful to set a 30 and 60 day plan for
yourself, with visible tasks and goals.
Hold personal phone calls for lunch and work breaks only.
• If you must have a cell phone at work, put it on "meeting" mode and answer it only for
emergency calls.
Do not use company computers for personal use, including email and "web surfing."
• Most companies have specific policies against this, and personal use of computers can
result in termination.
Keep unplanned days off to an absolute minimum.
Have fun!
Enjoy learning new things and meeting new people, and planning what you can contribute to
your new company.
Preparing
Set a goal and design your entire effort around that aim:
Display
1. Although an eye-catching exhibit goes a long way to attract job seekers, at the end
the focus will get centered around you and what you have to say and not the exhibit
itself
2. Make sure your company banners are highly visible.
3. Your visual message should give even a casual observer a clear idea of what you do.
Invest in plasma TVs, if available, nicely done banners, etc
Literature
Do have brochures on hand, but keep paper to a minimum. You can use handouts to initiate a
conversation with job seekers but it should not be your entire presentation. Their opinion of
your organization will be based on their interaction with you more than anything else.
Exhibit Staff
1. It is about personalities at the booths, not the display that visitors remember.
2. Make a good first impression - candidates will base their opinion of your organization
on YOU. Staff must be very knowledgeable.
3. Know yourself, your position, your organization, and where candidates may fit into
that entire scheme.
4. Visitors are potentially long-term leads; don't expect an immediate "hire." Candidates
will get turned off if you try a "hard sell" with them.
5. Visitors prefer a short, overall view of what you have to offer.
6. Ensure your exhibit is staffed at all times - like it or not, if you are absent, it "shows"
you don't care.
7. Avoid eating at your exhibit - it takes away from the "professional" look.
8. Stand; don't sit, at your exhibit. Sitting in the chair behind your exhibit doesn't
indicate a sense of excitement and a welcoming atmosphere.
9. Wear name tags prominently - we recommend that students try to get your name/title
from them.
10. Visit other exhibitors when your shift ends - it is a great way to meet other
professionals in your field.
Exhibit
Entertaining exhibits get results – remember to have any sort of multimedia, for e.g. Plasma
TVs or Projectors. If you don't have a wonderful exhibit, it comes down to you to make the
right impression.
Questions
1. Don't wait for visitors to approach you - be assertive, friendly and sincere.
2. Ask passers-by friendly, open-ended, yet specific questions such as: "Are you
interested a career in finance?" or "Do you want to put your communications skills to
work in a great career?"
Demonstrations
Multimedia
Presentations should be no more than 5-10 minutes long. Many job seekers see a Fair as a
buffet - they want to explore all their options before getting more in-depth information.
1. Take brief, brisk walks to keep your feet and back from hurting - visit the refreshment
table often!
2. Try and have your staff work shift rotations.
3. Negotiate for peace with neighbors that have noisy presentations - make it a win-win
situation.
Try to respond to all inquiries personally to reinforce your good image and to "strike the iron
when it is hot."