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Development of Zigbee based Street Light Control System

J. D. Lee, K.Y. Nam, S.H. Jeong, S.B. Choi, H.S. Ryoo, D.K. Kim Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute
The reason of why these media are used mainly is its easiness of installation and maintenance. There are no needs to install additional transmission line and it is more economical than other medias case. Compare to wireless channel, PLC lines have some advantages. PLC based control system is easy to design because there are no obstacles to communication path. It does not need additional wire for communication and repeaters which used for RF communication system sometimes to evade obstacles like buildings. But it has disadvantages also. Price of remote controller is higher than that of wireless case and there are no communication way when if short circuit problems aroused. For the case of short circuit in the middle of power line, remote terminals following short circuit point cant transfer data. So, control system cant read status information on short circuit and operators cant do any action immediately and it can cause fatal safety problems. Index Terms H/W Design, Remote Control terminal, Street Electrical shock was longtime problem of electrical power Light Control System, Zigbee, system since usage of electricity. Still it is main problem of electric power supply system, especially for street light control system because it is installed at open space and along the I. INTRODUCTION roadside through long distance. Heavy rain, traffic accident, Treet light control system is a centralized system which etc make big trouble sometimes. So every street light control control and monitor status of street lights installed system should make countermeasure on safety problem. alongside load. Lights are switched to ON/OFF by this Maintenance is also one of main consideration factor. Every systems control command. Its local status information is also street light control system operators want to reduce monitored by control system via communication channel. maintenance costs and number of person for repair. To reduce Status information which is monitored are on/off status costs and number of person, street light control systems information, energy saving mode status, control group status should have high stability and can give required information information and safety related information, etc. when operators need information for maintenance and To transfer control command and status information operation. For these reason, reliable communication path and between street light control system and remote street light technique that is adequate for street line control system is control terminals which installed at each light pole, various required. communication media and communication protocols are using. We designed new street light control system that is reliable As communication media, wireless or power lines are used and cost effective by using Zigbee communication system generally. Various frequency bands from tens of MHz to RF technique. For that, we surveyed characteristics of street light bands are used for wireless case. control systems and tried to enhance safety level. In this paper, we describe on new street light control This work was supported by the Korea Ministry of Science and system we designed. Technology. J. D. Lee is with Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Chang-won In following section 2, we will describe on requirement City , 641-600, Korea (e-mail: jdlee@keri.re.kr). analysis on street light control system. We represent on H. S. Ryoo is with KERI (e-mail: hsryoo@keri.re.kr). communication channel characteristics, system design factors, S. B. Choi is with KERI (e-mail: sbchoi@keri.re.kr). and system H/W design, etc. In chapter 3, detailed H/W K.Y. Nam is with KERI (e-mail: kynam@keri.re.kr). S. H. Jeong is with KERI (e-mail: shjeong@keri.re.kr). design including block diagram will be described.
AbstractIndustry of street lighting systems are growing rapidly and going to complex with rapid growth of industry and cities. To control and maintain complex street lighting system more economically, various street light control systems are developed. Nevertheless most of developed systems have some drawbacks. So we are going to develop new light control system which can overcome old systems drawbacks. We surveyed various street light control systems and analyzed its characteristics. Through these efforts, we found that common drawbacks of most light control systems are uneasiness of handling and difficulty of maintenance. To reduce uneasiness of handling and difficulty of maintenance in operating light control system, we designed new street light control system by using Zigbee communication technique. In this thesis, we describe on the H/W design of new street light control system designed by using Zigbee communication protocol.

D. K. Kim is with KERI (e-mail: dkkim@keri.re.kr).

142440178X/06/$20.002006IEEE

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PSCE2006

II. DESIGN OF NEW STREET LIGHT

CONTROL SYSTEM

A. Requirement Analysis for Street light Control System In Korea, local government authorities are responsible for the operation of street light control system. Every local government authorities have facility maintenance department to manage street light and guard ramps. As local governments are trying to reduce management costs and operators, the need of remote light control system is increasing. So every local government is introducing new systems that can be useful for street light control. As there is no standardized rule or code on street light control system, various systems are used. To develop new light control system, we surveyed and analyzed state-of-the-art of street light control systems. Through the analysis of various street light control systems, we found some basic characteristics which are common characteristics in most of light control system. Most of systems are using earth leakage circuit breaker and main circuit breaker to on/off street lights. Also, most of systems cant detect each lights status and cant control each light. Most of systems are using group base control. Although, one of main purposes of the street light control systems are protects people from electrical shock, systems which running nowadays cant do it well because all systems are using group base control. By using group base control, controlling and gathering status information of individual lights is impossible. So, if there is an short circuit but impedance of overall of feeder circuit is still high enough, main circuit breaker do not work and this makes big problem. We tried to develop new street light control system which can solve these problems. Street light control systems are composed of three parts, centralized control center, remote concentrator and street light control terminals. But most of systems do not have street light control terminal. Also role and function of remote concentrator is simple in group base control scheme. Centralized control center for street lights are reside in local government office usually. At the centralized control center, operators monitor and control street lights by using operators terminal. Centralized control center computers communicate with remote concentrator which control lights installed alongside every road. Remote concentrators control lights and gather status information. Remote concentrators usually control 16 to 20 lights that are connected to power delivery feeder, 60Hz 220V. Control and gathering information can be done group base or individually. Whether do control group base or do control individual base inference system operation costs and control system costs. Systems that use group base control is cheaper than that of individual case but simple in its functionality. Most of street light control systems are using group base control nowadays. But group base control scheme of street lights have some drawbacks. For group base control, all of light will be off when there is a fault at just one light or pole. To solve this

critical handicap and safety problem that can be stem from current leakage, we are trying to develop new street light control system that can control light individually. Third components of street light control system is street light control terminals. To control each light individually, this street light control terminal is needed. It is installed to every light pole to detect status of light and to control lights. It communicate with remote concentrator to give and receive command and status information for control centor. According to our survey on street light control system, span between light poles are within 100m and about 16 to 20 poles and lights are installed alongside road. So if a communication system or protocol can address tens of controllers and can transfer data within 100m, it can be useful candidate for street light control system. We surveyed various communication systems and compared its characteristics. Among them, PLC and Zigbee communication systems were best candidate. As mentioned in section I, PLC communication system has some advantages compared to wireless communication systems. But price of remote controller is higher than wireless case and there are no communication way when if short circuit problems arouse. For the case of short circuit in the middle of power line, remote terminals following short circuit point cant transfer data. So, there is no way of transferring status information. In this case, operators cant do any action immediately and it can cause fatal safety problems. As mentioned earlier in this section, group based control scheme has problems and one of our research purpose is overcome this drawback. PLC communication was one of good candidate, but it is not adequate for individual light control and our system design. So we designed new street light control system by using Zigbee communication protocol. B. Street light Control System Design by using Zigbee Communication Protocol Zigbee is rising communication protocol that can be used for wide range of application. Although it do not have broadband characteristics, its low price and adequate communication characteristics, for example low power consumption, makes it good candidate for communication protocol. Followings are some list of main characteristics. Data rate : 250 kbps(2.4 GHz) Power consumption : 60mW Distance : up to 100m According to our survey on street light control system, data rate of maximum 10kbps is sufficient. Zigbees relatively low data transfer capacity is not make any handicap and we can reduce data rate to improve reliability of data transfer. Short communication distance also does not make any problem. Span between light poles are within 100m, and this is sufficient for communication because we can transfer data to more long distance by reducing data rates.

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AS mentioned earlier, street light control system is composed hierarchically. Centralized control center are communicate with remote concentrator. Remote concentrators communicate with each remote street light control terminal which installed in every light pole. Remote concentrators roles are control of individual remote controller and gathering of status information from remote control terminals. Figure 1 is block diagram of remote street light control terminal which controls and stores each individual light and its status.

External I/F : RS-232C/RS-422 25pin(female) Communication I/F : 2.4 GHz Zigbee and CDMA Power Supply : 110/220V, 50/60Hz Battery : Lithium(DC 7.2V, 1.2 AH) Operating condition(-20~60C, 20~90% RH) Remote concentrator has battery for emergency communication for main power supply modules outage. It has two antennas, one for CDMA and another one for Zigbee communication. It also has external interface for maintenance operation. III. DEVELOPMENT OF
SYSTEM NEW STREET LIGHT CONTROL

Fig. 1. Block diagram of remote street light control terminal

Remote street light control terminal have I/O channels to control light and analog input channel to measure status information like voltage and current. Every light pole will have switch like Earth Leakage Breaker to improve safety level, and individual light will be monitored and controlled by analyzing measured voltage and current value, information related with control group, etc. Figure 2 is block diagram of remote concentrator which controls and stores each individual light and its status via each remote street light control terminal.

We developed a prototype street light control system. Developed control system is composed of 3 different units, centralized control system, remote concentrator and remote street light control terminal. Among them, remote concentrator and remote street light control terminal are H/W based system and developed with same specification we described in section 2. Centralized control system is developed for windows 2000 based server system and most of developing works was S/W oriented. Figure 3 shows developed prototype remote street light control terminal. As you can see it is designed for water proof type. You can also see 10 terminals in the bottom of remote controller. Through these terminals, various status information, including on or off status of switch and analog values like voltage and current, are gathered. Actual control commands are also transferred through this terminal. As you can see, remote concentrator has display unit on the top. Through this display unit, operators can read various information and do know what are the status of concentrators.

Fig. 2. Block diagram of remote concentrator

As you see in figure 2, remote concentrator has LCD and CDMA module, which remote street light control terminals do not have. LCD module is added for easy maintenance. Operators can easily know what is problem to repair by using information that displayed on LCD module. All information on the lights can be read at field from LCD, thus make maintenance easy. CDMA modem is added to transfer information between concentrator and centralized control center. Concentrators gather status information from each remote street light control terminal and store it. Followings are remote concentrators specification.

Fig. 3. Developed prototype remote street light control terminal

Figure 4 shows developed prototype remote concentrator.

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Fig.65. Graphical display showing position mapping of light with actual map

Fig. 4. Developed prototype remote concentrator

IV. CONCLUSION We are developing Street light control system which can save maintenance time and costs and which can improve safety level. We surveyed various street light control systems and analyzed its characteristics and requirements, especially for communication characteristics. As results of these activities, we choose Zigbee communication protocol to transfer data between concentrator and remote street light control terminal which transfers control and status information. We designed and developed a street light control system, centralized control system, concentrator and remote street light control terminal. As data communication protocol between centralized control center and concentrator, CDMA protocol is used. In near future, we are going to have field test by using developed system and we expect our prototype system will helpful for saving costs of maintenance and enhance safety level of street light control system by protecting humans from electrical shocks. V. REFERENCES
[1]

Through this display unit, operators can also know what is the status of each lights. Buttons showing in the middle of unit are used for information and data setting. Small light in the bottom field are used for status display of concentrator. Left of small lights are to indicate status of communication and Right of small lights are to indicate status power supply. Following figure 5 shows one example of status information displayed in monitor of operators. By monitoring this graphical display information, operators can easily know whether lights are on or off, are working well, is out of order, etc. By knowing these information operators can decides what kind of action they should do.

Fig. 5. Graphical display showing status of each light [2]

Graphical status display showing in figure 5 can be used with map. For easy maintenance, each lights exact location or position information is mapped with actual map. Figure 6 shows one example of display captured in edit mode and shows mapping one light with actual map. In edit mode, various and convenient configuration work can be done like add, delete of light and concentrator, value setting, etc.

[3]
[4]

[5]

A.Boulis and M.B.Srivastava, A Framework for Efficient and Programmable Sensor Networks," IEEE OPENARCH 2002, pp.117128. [3] J. A. Gutierrez, M. Naeve, E. Callaway, M. Bourgeois, C. Mitter, and B. Heile, "IEEE 802.15.4: A developing standard for low-power low-cost wireless personal area networks," IEEE Network, vol. 15, pp. 12--19, Sept.-Oct. 2001 I.F.Akyildiz, W.Su.Y.San and E.Cayirci, "A Survey on Sensor Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 102-114, Aug. 2002. IEEE Std. 802.15.1, Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical(PHY) Specification for Wireless Personal Area Networks(WPANs), 2002. IEEE Std. 802.11-1997: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical(PHY) Layer Specification. 1997.

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VI. BIOGRAPHIES
Jae-Duck Lee received M.S. in Electronic Engineering from Kyung Pook National University. He is a senior researcher in underground systems group of K.E.R.I. His research interest is signal and image processing.

Kee-Young Nam, received the B.S. and M.S. degrees of Electrical Engineering from the Sung-Kyun-Kwan University, Korea, in 1982 and 1984, respectively and Ph.D. degree of E.E. from the Ibaraki University, Japan in 1998. In 1984, he joined the Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute(KERI), Chang-won, Korea, and is a senior researcher in underground systems group. His research interest is transmission/distribution planning and operation, power quality etc. Sang-Bong Choi received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Yonsei University. He is an executive researcher in underground systems group of K.E.R.I. His research interest is transmission/distribution planning and operation.

Hee-Suk Ryoo received his Master degree In Electrical Engineering from HangYang University. He is a senior researcher in underground systems group of K.E.R.I. His research interest is underground transmission /distribution system and field diagnosis technology.

Seong-Hwan Jeong, is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Electrical Engineering at Busan University. He is a senior researcher in underground systems group of K.E.R.I. His main research interest is in the fields of planning and operation of underground transmission systems.

Dae-Kyung Kim, is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Electrical Engineering at UMIST in England. He is a head of Underground systems group in K.E.R.I. His main research interest is in the fields of planning and operation of underground transmission system.

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