SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MECHATRONICS IN PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM FINALS REPORT

Submitted by: JOHN ERIC C. ANDRADA

Submitted to: JOSEPH REUBEN D. CRUZ ECE,BME,MEng-ECE

September 22, 2011

PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

The world is dynamic
The need to interpret the changes in the system for you to decide or predict the outcome of the process. This is the key reason for process control.

Control engineering
An engineering science that is used in many engineering disciplines and it is applied to wide range of physical system

What does an engineer do???

The task of an engineer is to design, construct, and operate a physical system to behave in a desired manner and an essential ,element of this activity is sustained maintenance of the system at the desired conditions-thus, PROCESS CONTROL ENGINEERING.

What is the function of control system?

The function of control system is a feedback control system maintains specific variables near their desired values by applying FOUR BASIC FEATURES.

CONTROL (verb):
to maintain desired conditions in a physical system by adjusting selected variables in the system.

FEEDBACK CONTROL:
Make use of an output of a system to influence an input to the same system.

Why is control necessary?

First reason:
to maintain the desired value when disturbances occur.

Second reason:
safety environmental protection equipment protection smooth plant operation monitoring and diagnostics profit optimization Product quality All seven categories of control objectives must be achieved simultaneously, failure to do so leads to unprofitable or worse, dangerous plant operation.

Mechatronics In process control

Most FEEDBACK CONTROL is automated which requires that the key functions of sensing, calculating, and manipulating be performed by equipment and that each element communicate with other elements in the control system. Most automatic control system is implemented using electronic equipment which uses current or voltage to communicate, some use pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical mechanism to calculate and communicate. Control is implemented on sensors local indicators, and valves which are in the process. Displays of all plant variables and control calculations are in centralized facility.

Flight Control Panel

The cockpit of a Concorde jet shows the complexity of flight control. Electronic and computerized equipment in the cockpit provides information regarding navigation, speed, altitude, landing, and engine performance.

BASIC CONTROLLER

CONTROL PRINCIPLE

ELEMENTS OF CONTROLLER
A measuring unit with an appropriate instrument to measure the state of process, temperature transmitter, pressure transmitter, or similar. An input set point device to set the desired value.

A comparator, for comparing the measured value with the set point and calculating the difference or error between the two variables. A control unit to calculate the output magnitude and direction to compensate the deviation from the desired value. An output unit converting the output from the controller to physical action, control valve, a motor or similar.

CONTROLLER PRINCIPLES
PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLER Produce an output action that is proportional to the deviation between the set point and the measured process value INTEGRAL CONTROLLER Produce an output proportional with the summarized deviation between the set point and the measured process value. DERIVATIVE CONTROLLER The output is proportional to the rate of change of the measurement error.

Fieldbus on process control???

Controllers talk to each other to gather process variable and diagnostic data. Simpler fieldbus protocols such as Devicenet and cc-link and Profibus found it easier to realize savings. These platforms can carry power to individual devices and bring back the complex data to process instrumentation with one cable.

Then Why not adopt fieldbus???

Lack of management buy-in Lack of employee buy-in Increased training costs Initial cost is too high Fieldbus networks can help different types of equipment work together better, and sometimes the networks from discrete parts of the plant extend into process areas.

Mechatronic system architecture

MECHATRONIC TARGET SYSTEM

OPERATING SYSTEM, which mediates the use of processor resources INSTRUMENT DRIVERS, which give the application program access to peripheral sources APPLICATION PROGRAMS, which control program flow, and perform logical operations and mathematical calculations.

Insights
All the mechatronics engineer has to do is to make sure the correct drivers are available at software assembly time The application program is where the mechatronics engineer gets creative, to make high level control decision. The thing to remember is that adapting the hardware and software for a better control to mechatronic application.

God bless and Thank you