ALTAF HUSAIN..................................................08-arid-282 DVM 5th ....................................

LM-301

CURRENT SITUATION OF DAIRY INDUSTRY AND FUTURE CONCERN IN PAKISTAN

The main economy generating sector of Pakistan is agriculture which shares the 23% of national GDP and provides the work to 42% of labour force. Among the agriculture livestock is the major sub sector. According to FAO data in 2003-04 the money earned estimates 1537 billion rupees, which was 11% of the national exchange. In the agriculture sector the share of livestock is 53.2% where as in GDP is 10.8%. In livestock the major share is of milk which is 51%. In milk production Pakistan is at fifth position in world with 28 billion litre/Annam. This production can be increased but this development and effective need to work as companion. Pakistan has very suitable conditions for dairy forming. The plains are irrigated through canal system. The northern areas have suitable climate and grazing pastures. Due to decreasing land for crop production this only sector which will be profitable in future.

Current Situation the Sector

Pakistan is facing many problems in dairy sector which are; 1. Scattered faming and small herd size 2. Poor genetic potential 3. Poor quality feedstuff 4. Environmental stresses 5. Reproductive disorders 6. Long calving interval and age at first caving 7. Tick infestation and dermatitis 8. Poor marketing system 9. Unavailability of skilled man power for dairy industry 10. Lack of commercial feeds 11. Improper service of artificial insemination 12. Seasonal availability of fodder 13. Buffalo is seasonal breeder

Dairy Breeds
Pakistan has world-known buffalo breeds Nili-Ravi and Kundi, and in cattle Sahiwal, Red Sinhi and Aga Kheli breeds. But the buffalo is major contributor. Current population of cattle is 34.3 million and buffalo is 30.8 million.

Dairy Production system

There is no proper production system in Pakistan. People keep animals for their own needs. The priority is given to crop production rather the milk production, so there is a competition between livestock and crop production. But now the trend is changing. The production systems are;

1. Grazing system 2. Mixed farming system 3. Peri-urban dairy colonies

Grazing system
This system is more suitable for sheep and goat, and little bit dairy animals i.e. buffalo, cow. This system includes non-descript animals but some include exotic breeds also. This system is adopted where lands are not fit for agriculture i.e. in arid areas mostly in Sindh and Balochistan. In northern areas yak is the major animal. In irrigated areas this system prominent along the canal, riverbanks, roadsides and wasteland vegetation. The animals mostly kept for household needs.

Mixed Farming System

This system includes 2-15 animals. The major source of income is milk from such farms. This system adopted in the lands suitable for crop production. The wastes and crop by products are used as feed. Some farms are advance that are small holder dairying. The also used concentrate feeds and better keeping practices. These farms include both buffaloes and cows.

Progressive Farmers
In Pakistan now trend is going towards progressive dairy farming units they use artificial insemination to produce Friesian crosses breeds. They may be completely milk production farms or mixed crop-livestock farms. There numbers are very less but these will be models for future.

Rural commercial Forms

Theses are the emerging commercial units and their future is bright. These have up to one thousand animals among them 90% buffalo and 10% cattle. They keep about 60% lactating animals.

Peri-urban Dairy Colonies/Farms

Due to restriction of keeping animals in metropolitan cities to avoid pollution problems, the large dairy farms were established in the peri-urban areas to overcome the urban demand for milk. These are most common among the peripheral areas of big cities like Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad. This system is more developed and advanced as comparable to other systems. These have almost all adult animals and among them 90% buffaloes which 95% lactating. The turn over from these farms is maximum. The lactating or animals close to calving are purchased. The calves are mostly sold for slaughter. The milk is obtained by offering high feed and concentrates. They get milk from animal at least for 250-300 days and then animals sold for slaughter or return to rural areas for conception.

Milk Consumption Pattern

In Pakistan most of the milk produced is used for house needs. The surplus milk is soled. 55% milk produced is used as fresh milk and remaining is converted to yogurt, lassi, butter, cheese, ice cream, sweats. 25% of milk produced is used in urban areas and reaming 70% in rural areas.

Milk Marketing
Marketing of Raw Milk
In Pakistan milk is collected by marketing channels which includes first stage collector "Katcha dodhis", "Pacca dodhis". The "katcha dodhis" are the key persons of our industry. They collect the milk from farmer and either directly sold to shops and urban area or to "Pacca dodhis". The "pacca dodhis" have better transports they supply to the collection centres or to the milk shops or hotels after decreaming. The peri-urban produces directly sell to consumers or milk shop. The adulteration and decreaming is done at all levels of milk collection. Due to development of processing units the "Pacca dodhis" sell milk to them.

Collection Centres
The milk processing factories have established collection centres. They have developed some co-operatives and Village Livestock Associations. These associations supply milk to the collection centres. The factory provides the chilling plants and insulated road tank to the collection centres for proper handling.

Direct Marketing
The progressive farmers provide milk on contract basis to distributors, milk shops or processing plants.

Milk Processing
The processed liquid milk type available is UHT milk which is produced by eight industries/plants. The UHT has a standard fat 3.5% and solid-not-fat content 8.9%. The demand for UHT milk is increasing day by day.

Future Demand for Milk and dairy Products

The demand for milk and products will be continue to increase due to the increasing population. If this situation continues then there will be deficiency of 519 million litres in 201011.

Future of Dairy Industry in Pakistan

Due to the big share in GDP now the government of Pakistan is considering this sector as the future of Pakistan. Government along with SWOG indentified the problems and setup strategies to improve this sector. SMEDA is also providing support.

Bench Making
SWOG adopted the New Zealand and Australia as best Models and India as comparable model to seek technical assistance from AMUL. They started some projects which are; 1. Milk collection and chilling project 2. NRSP joint milk collection pilot project

3. National Dairy lab(s) 4. Pilot on milk quality survey 5. Training and HR development Some governmental polices are also affecting this sector by fixing milk prices, lack of quality control, government support and poor extension services. 1.

Doodh Darya (White Revolution)

Project was started to allow indigenous animals, semen and embryos for cross breeding. By these project laboratory facilities was obtained from developed countries to provide better diagnosis and animal health services.
2.

Strengthening of Livestock services in Pakistan

This project was started in 2003-2010 at the cost of 1992.66 million to overcome render pest disease.

3. Milk Collection Processing and Dairy Production and Development Programme

This project was from 2005-2010 with an estimated cost 1588 million.
4.

Prime ministers Special Initiative

For livestock production and extension service at farmer's door step in 1963 union councils in 80 districts.

5. Improving reproductive efficiency of cattle and buffaloes in smallholder system

This project is from 2007-2012. This project started to produce embryo and supplying to other. The estimated production will 5000 embryo per year. The cost at this project is 495.15 million.

6. Pakistan Dairy Development Company

To improve the dairy sector, Pakistan dairy development company has been established. This work to coordinate, manage and facilitate initiatives leading to the progress and development in this sector. The first action was model farm and cooling tank programme. After successful completion of all these projects the dairy industry in Pakistan will boost up in future.