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Amplification: To increase the power of signal and the device which used to
increase the power of signal is called amplifier.
Electronic Amplifier
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the audio playback chain and its purpose is to amplify the electrical audio signal from its
preceding stage to a level that can drive the loudspeaker(s).
A very simple sound system is shown in the diagram below. It is made up of two types
of component:
• Transducer - A device which converts energy from one form into another. The
two types of transducers we will deal with are microphones (which convert
acoustical energy into electrical energy) and speakers (which convert electrical
energy into acoustical energy).
• Amplifier - A device which takes a signal and increases its power (i.e. it
increases the amplitude).
1. The process begins with a sound source (such as a human voice), which creates
waves of sound (acoustical energy).
2. These waves are detected by a transducer (microphone), which converts them to
electrical energy.
3. The electrical signal from the microphone is very weak, and must be fed to an
amplifier before anything serious can be done with it.
4. The loudspeaker converts the electrical signal back into sound waves, which are
heard by human ears.
5. In Amplifier there are mainly three circuits:
1. Input circuit: current/voltage represents sound
2. Output circuit: amplified “sound” current/voltage
3. Power circuit: provides power for amplification
Amplifier main components are Resistors – provide voltage drops, limit current
Capacitors – store charge, shift voltages, Diodes – one-way devices for current
Transistors – control current flow.
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References: Microsoft Encarta,
Class 9th Science book.
Internet: www.howstuffworks.com