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(2) It could be B or C. 1
B or C contain the alcohol functional group, which can be oxidized by the
dichromate / reduce the dichromate to Cr3+. 1
(ii) X is B. 1
(iv) The sodium has to be cut into small pieces and carefully added into the liquid. / No
naked flame. / The sodium metal should be handled with forceps. / Wear safety
goggles, etc. 1
[Do not accept: fume cupboard]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1987 Q.4(a) 11 marks
(iii) 2
[Note: zero mark for a closed system]
(iv) X is an ionic compound / with a much higher boiling point / a solid.
OR Y is a covalent compound / with a lower boiling point / a liquid. 1
HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 2
(vi) Soap is manufactured by the alkaline hydrolysis / saponification of oils and fats, 1
followed by a ‘salting out’ process / addition of brine / saturated sodium chloride
solution. 1
1
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1987 Q.5(b) 7/8 marks
O O
H2N C NH2 and H C H
(i) 1 or 0
H H
C C
H Cl
(ii) 1
H H H H
n C C C C
H Cl H Cl n
1
CH3 H
n CH3CH CH2 C C
n
(i) H H 1
HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 3
(ii) (1) 2
(1 mark for heating polypropene
1 mark for collecting the gaseous monomer)
CH3 H H H
C C C C
(iii) (1) H H H H
OR: Let P = propene, E = ethene: -P-P-E-, -P-E-E-, etc. 1
(2) Thermoplastic 1
Cross-linkage is not likely to occur in the new polymer. 1
[Also accept: It is an addition polymer. / Both PE and PP are thermoplastic.]
(3) Heat the used polymer to melt and remould / mould. 1+1
OR: Heat it to give the monomer and repolymerize / polymerize. (1+1)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1989 Q.1(b) 7 marks
(i) (1) D 1
Because it is soluble in water and can burn to give CO2 and H2O. 1
(2) B 1
Because it is insoluble in water and can burn to give CO2 and H2O. 1
(ii) C 1
Shake with aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and CO2 is liberated. 1
RCOOH + HCO3- → RCOO- + CO2 + H2O / HCO3- + H+ → CO2 + H2O 1
(Accept other possible tests for carboxylic acid, observation and equation:
e.g. Add magnesium ribbon: H2 is liberated (1)
Mg + 2H+ → Mg2+ + H2 (1)
(iii) (1) Fermentation / anaerobic respiration cannot proceed when the concentration
of ethanol has reached a certain limit as yeast would be destroyed / killed / inhibited by the
ethanol. 1
[Do not accept: PCl3, PCl5, Na, etc. as test for the presence of alcohol]
(iv) (1) Because these countries produce large quantities of sugar cane / agricultural
products that can be hydrolyzed to sucrose which can then be fermented to give ethanol. /
Ethanol can be produced very economically. 1
(2) Less pollution problems, because ethanol contains less impurities than petrol
and would not produce SO2, etc. upon combustion / lead / ethanol burns more completely
than petrol. 2 or 0
12
7. (i)
1
40000
= = 640 1
62.5
(iii) Heat the pipe until it becomes softened / soft, then bend it to the desired
curvature. 1
(iv) (1) HCl (hydrogen chloride) / soot / CO (carbon monoxide) / Cl2 (chlorine) 2
(Any TWO)
HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 5
(Any TWO)
(iii)
OR:
1
(2) plastic bag / bottles / bowls / buckets / cups / toys / trays / drinking straws /
pipes / sheets, etc. 1
HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 6
11
(2) Only one layer is observed / a homogeneous solution is formed / fruity smell
not detected / two layers become miscible. 1
(ii) ‘Cold finger’ is to prevent the loss of volatile reagents / products involved in the
reaction. 1
HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 7
(iii) ethyl ethanoate / ethanol / reactants / products may catch fire from the direct
flame (or flammable) 1
(2)
2
Deduct 1 mark for the following mistakes:
- no heating
- flow of water in wrong direction / not indicated
HKCEE PAST PAPER 87-94/SECTION 6 MARKING SCHEMES/LQ/PAGE 8
11. (i)
1
(ii) as a catalyst 1
OR:
(1)
Do not accept:
(v) The hydrocarbon group / covalent end of Y dissolves in peanut oil (is
hydrophobic). 1
After stirring, the oil splits into droplets, due to repulsion of negative charges /
carboxylate ions , 1
the droplets cannot coalesce / stick together and a milky solution is formed. 1
1
5
13. (i) Add some water, add yeast / zymase 2
(OR: yeast solution) (2)
and then store the mixture at room temperature inside a container for a few days
(some time). 1
[Accept diagram of setup that is safe and by which product can be obtained.]
(iv) Health hazard: brain (nervous system) damage / amnesia (loss of memory) /
depression / liver damage (liver cancer / cirrhosis) / tremor (shaking of hands) 1
[Do not accept: drunk, harmful, dizziness, loss of control, cancer, alcoholism or
addiction]
14. (1)
1
(2) The hydrophobic end / hydrocarbon tail of detergent dissolves in oil and the
hydrophilic end / anionic part dissolves in water. 1
Agitation breaks the oil into small droplets, the repulsion of like charges
disperses the oil droplets formed. 1
(ii) No, because the oppositely charged ions attract / stick / combine together /
coagulate, 1
thus reduces the net amount of active species present in the solution / weakens
the cleaning effect. 1
OR: Yes, because either kind of detergents can form micelles with oil
independently / work independently / (1)
each kind of detergent work on a particular kind of dirt, therefore will
enhance / not affect the cleaning action. (1)
6
[Do not accept: polystyrene / perspex / short form, e.g. PE, PP, PVC, etc.]
(ii)
1
6
(iii) An oily liquid floats on top of the salt solution / two layers of liquid can be seen. /
Peanut (fruity) smell can be detected. 1
7
catalytic hydration 1
(2)
3
(If more than 1 diagram is drawn, only the first diagram will be marked.)
(2) Advantage: The soapless detergent can be used in hard water / acidic
solution. 1
(ii) (1)
1
OR: The incineration / burning of PP waste may produce toxic gases / air
pollution. (1)
(v) (1) separating PP from other plastic wastes / cleaning the PP wastes 1
(2) urea-methanal 1