Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
MPLS EXP Mapping of MPLS experimental (EXP) bit settings to routing platform forwarding classes and vice versa. VPN outer-label marking Setting of outer-label EXP bits, also known as CoS bits, based on MPLS EXP mapping.
Classifiers
Classifiers
Associate incoming packets with a forwarding class and loss priority and, based on the associated forwarding class, assign packets to output queues.
Behavior aggregate (BA) or code point traffic classifiers
Code points determine each packets forwarding class and loss priority. BA classifiers allow you to set the forwarding class and loss priority of a packet based on DiffServ code point (DSCP) bits, DSCP IPv6, IP precedence bits, MPLS EXP bits, and IEEE 802.1p bits. The default classifier is based on IP precedence bits.
BA Classifier
Allows you to set FC and PLP:
For incoming IPv4 and IPv6 packets, based on the value of the entire 6-bit DSCP field. For incoming MPLS packets, based on the value of the MPLS EXP field. For incoming Ethernet packets, based on the value of the 802.1p bits. For incoming ATM traffic, the ATM2 PIC can be configured to set the assembled packet notifications PLP-bit based on the ATM cell loss priority (CLP) bit.
Classification Defaults
Default no-config classification:
Only ipprec-compatibility classification table is active 000-101 go to queue0, plp=least significant bit 110-111 go to queue3, plp=least significant bit All other unclassified packets are placed in queue0 Incoming MPLS packets are placed in output queue 0 Incoming IEEE 802.1p is ignored
8
Copyright 2004 Juniper Networks, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential www.juniper.net
BA Classifier Configuration
1.
default];
10
MF Classifier
Allows to use an arbitrary input firewall filter to set the FC and/or PLP fields in the packet notification. Working for incoming and outgoing packets MF-classifier overrides BA-classifier if conflict MF filters are applied per-logical interface and the number of MF classifiers that can be configured on an interface is virtually unlimited, since it is solely bounded by memory.
11
MF classifier example # 1
12
MF classifier example # 2
14
15
MF classifier example # 3
Configuring classification based on a firewall filter:
1. Define the firewall filter:
[edit] firewall { filter foo { term term-1 { from { match-conditions; (see previous slide) } then { forwarding-class class-name; loss-priority [low|high]; accept; term default { then accept; }
16
Notes:
Can only apply 1 input and/or output firewall filter to an interface
17
Forwarding Classes
18
19
20
Loss Priority
Internal mechanism. Typically mark packets exceeding some service level with a high loss priority. Loss priority affects the scheduling of a packet without affecting the packets relative ordering. Loss priority is set by configuring a classifier or a policer.
21
22
Fabric schedulers
For M320 and T-series platforms only, fabric schedulers allow you to identify a packet as high or low priority based on its forwarding class, and to associate schedulers with the fabric priorities.
The transmit-rate:
Bandwidth allocated to a FC. Each FC is assigned transmission bandwidth credits by the DWRR scheduler every 200 microseconds, based on the configured transmit-rate. The transmission bandwidth assigned to each queue can be rate limited to the exact value specified, or it can exceed the configured rate and borrow surplus bandwidth if it is unused by other FCs. This is basically traffic shaping per queue.
The priority:
identifies the scheduling priority assigned to the FC. The scheduling priority can be configured as low, high, or strictly-high. High-priority FCs are allowed to transmit packets ahead of low-priority FCs as long as the high-priority FC retains enough bandwidth credits. A Strictly-high priority FC has precedence over all other FCs as long as there is strictly-high priority traffic waiting to be sent.
24
25
26
Queues: Size
Large queues may increase latency during congestion smaller queues may be more appropriate for delay sensitive traffic The default configuration has queue 0 with 95% of queue memory and queue 3 with 5%
27
Bind the scheduler to a queue and interface Can specify queue size in time for time-sensitive traffic
{master}[edit class-of-service] juniper@t640_RE0# set schedulers test buffer-size temporal 8000
28
The default configuration has queue 0 with 95% of queue bandwith and queue 3 with 5%
29
30
Queues: Priority
Determines the order in which an output interface transmits traffic from the queues JUNOS supports:
Low priority, Medium-low priority, Medium-high priority, High priority, Strict-high priority
31
Queues: Priority
The order by which the DWRR queuescheduling algorithm services queues is:
High priority with positive credit Medium High priority with positive credit Medium Low priority with positive credit Low priority with positive credit High priority with negative credit Medium High priority with negative credit Medium Low priority with negative credit Low priority with negative credit.
32
34
35
Congestion Management
1. Configure the RED profiles:
[edit] class-of-service { drop-profiles { profile-name { fill-level percentage1 drop-probability probability1; fill-level percentage2 drop-probability probability2; up to 64 times, OR interpolate { drop-probability [ p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 ]; fill-level [ f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 ] ;
fill-level creates a series of steps interpolate creates a series of line segments from (0,0) to (f1,p1), then (f1,p1) to (f2,p2), then (f2,p2) to (f3,p3), etc.
36
Congestion Management
2. map the drop-profile to a scheduler:
[edit] class-of-service { schedulers { scheduler-name { drop-profile-map loss-priority [low|high] protocol [non-tcp|tcp|any] dropprofile profile-name;
Scheduling Configuration
1. Configure schedulers;
[edit] class-of-service { schedulers { scheduler-name { transmit-rate [rate|percent percentage|remainder] <exact>; WRR config buffer-size [milliseconds|percent percentage|remainder]; queue size config priority [low|high]; queue priority config drop-profile-map loss-priority [low|high] protocol [non-tcp|tcp|any] drop-profile profile-name; RED profile assignment
38
39
Scheduling in Summary
Default no-config settings:
WRR%:
Queue0 gets 95% Queue3 gets 5%
Queue size:
Queue0 gets 95% of buffer space Queue3 gets 5% of buffer space
Priority:
Low
RED:
100+% full then drop, otherwise dont
Note: A queues WRR% and queue size % should be kept similar in value
40
DWWR Example
Queue 3 is asigned HP,
control traffic, 5% of the interfaces buffer capacity, 5% of the interfaces bandwidth, Can borrow surplus bandwidth from other queues if it is available.
41
DWRR Example
42
43
44
Rewrite
45
Rewrite Markers
Rewrite markers
Redefines the code-point value of outgoing packets.
46
Rewriting Configuration
1. Configure rewrite-rule;
[edit] class-of-service { schedulers { rewrite-rules { dscp|exp|ieee-802.1|inet-precedence <table-name> { import [<table-name>|default]; (default=exp-default) forwarding-class <class-name1> { loss-priority [low|high] code-point [<alias>|bits]; } forwarding-class <class_name2> { loss-priority [low|high] code-point [<alias>|bits]; } forwarding-class <class-name3> { loss-priority [low|high] code-point [<alias>|bits]; } forwarding-class <class_name4> { loss-priority [low|high] code-point [<alias>|bits]; }
47
>>Rewriting Configuration
2. Apply rewrite-rule to outgoing logical interface;
[edit] class-of-service { interfaces { interface-name { unit <unit-number> { rewrite-rules [dscp|exp|ieee-802.1|inet-precedence] [rewrite-name |default] ;
48
49
Rewriting Classification
No-config Default: exp-default rewrite-rule active on all interfaces:
Rewrite rule: exp-default, Code point type: exp, Index: 2 exp- default, Forwarding class best-effort bestbest-effort bestexpedited-forwarding expeditedexpedited-forwarding expeditedassured-forwarding assuredassured-forwarding assurednetwork-control networknetwork-control networkLoss priority low high low high low high low high Code point point 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
50
Queue size:
Queue0 gets 95% of notification memory space Queue3 gets 5% of notification memory space
Priority:
Low
RED:
100% full then drop with 100% probability, otherwise dont
51
Drop profile
52
Drop Profiles
E-FPC can have 16 unique drop profiles, vs 32 in T sereis. Each queue has four pointers into this global pool of drop profiles One pointer for permutations of the TCP and PLP bits {(TCP=0, PLP=0), (0,1), (1,0), and (1,1)} for packets placed in the given queue. Pointers identifies the WRED drop profile in the global pool.
53
54
Then bind the scheduler to a queue and interface Default no-config settings:
100+% full then drop, otherwise dont
55
56
Thank You
58