PETROL ENGINE

The engine in which the fuel is burnt inside the cylinder of the engine itself is called on
internal combustion engine. Internal combustion engine are of two types. Petrol engine
and diesel engine. Here we shall discuss about petrol engine.
the petrol engine used in cars and scooters is an example of internal
combustion engine because the fuel, petrol is burned inside the cylinder of these engines.
Petrol engine was invented by Nicholas Otto.
PRINCIPLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (PETROL
ENGINE)
In petrol engine, the fuel (petrol) is vaporized and mixed with the correct amount of air in
the carburetors. This mixture of petrol vapors and air is passed into the cylinder fitted
with a movable piston, where it is compressed and then ignited by an electric spark from
a spark plug. The petrol and air mixture burns rapidly to produce a large volume of hot
gases in the cylinder. Due to high temperature, these hot gases expand and push the
piston outward. The piston pushes a rod called piston rod. The piston rod turns a
crankshaft, and the crankshaft turns the wheels. In this way, the up and down movement
of the piston is converted into the rotators motion of the wheels.
CONSTRUCTION OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
(PETROL ENGINE)
A simple internal combustion engine (or petrol engine) consists of a metal cylinder c
fitted with an air- tight, movable piston p [figure 9 (i)]. The piston rod r is connected to
the crankshaft, which in turn is connected to the wheels w of the vehicle. There are two
holes in the cylinder head which are controlled by the valves v1 and v2 each valve is
opened or closed or the right time by a shaft driven by the engine itself. In figure 9 (i), the
valve v1 is open but the valve v2 is in closed position. The valve v1 is called the “intake
valve”. The fuel mixture of petrol vapor and air enters into the cylinder through the intake
valve v1. The other valve v2 is called the “exhaust valve”. The burnt gases or spent gases
in the cylinder (after the piston has been pushed), leave the cylinder through the exhaust
valve v2. There is also a spark plug g in the head of the cylinder. The spark plug is for
producing a high voltage spark of current in the cylinder to burn the fuel mixture (petrol
and air mixture). The current required for this spark comes from the car battery.

Working of petrol engine

The working of petrol engine is divided into
Four steps called of four stops “of engine.
These are:
1. Intake stoke
2. Compression stoke
3. Power stoke
4. Exhaust stoke

1. Intake stoke: when the engine starts, the piston p moves downward in cylinder
[Figure 9(1)], because of which a region of low pressure is created in the cylinder,
Above the piston. At this moment, the intake valve V1 opens and fuel mixture
(petrol vapour and air mixture) is sucked into the cylinder from the carburetor.
 The intake stoke is also called charging stoke.
2.The compression stoke: In this stoke the fuel mixture is highly compressed
to
a small volume. This happens as fallow: When the sufficient amount of fuel
Mixture has entered the cylinder; the intake valve V1 get closed [Figure 9 (11)].
The piston is then forced to move upward which com presses the fuel mixture to
About one – eight (1/8) of its original volume. Higher the compression ratio,
More will be the efficiency of the engine. During compression, the petrol – air
Mixture Sets heated and this makes the ignition in the next step easier.
POWER STOKEBFBCGR

POWER STOKE: When gas is vaporized, it is pressed by piston in 2nd stage, when it
comes in the spark plug contact. Then gases gets explode and large amount of heat
generated due to the gases explosion in the combustor. Pressure pushes the crankshaft and
the wheels moves accordingly.

EXHAUST STOKE: In exhaust stage the heat gases generated by vaporized gases,
are exited from the exhaust valve that is opened at that time and the crankshafts moves
with that wheels move