Buoyancy

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid that the object displaces.

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BIOT 405 Fluid mechanics

Buoyancy y y
The buoyant force is essentially caused by the difference between
the pressure at the top of the object, which pushes it downward, & downward the pressure at the bottom, which pushes it upward upward.

Since the pressure at the bottom is always > at the top, every object top submerged in a fluid necessarily feels an upward buoyant force force.
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Buoyancy
Of course, objects also feel a f b l f l downward force due to gravity The difference between the g gravitational force and buoyant y force on a submerged object j determines whether that object will sink, or rise to the surface.
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Buoyancy
If the weight is greater than the f h h h h buoyant force, the object sinks. If the liquid is denser, the buoyant g j force is greater and the object floats. Steel sinks in water, but floats in mercury. Buoyancy is the ability to float.
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Archimedes' Principle:
An object is buoyed up with a b b d h force equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces. Th is known as l d d l This k Archimedes' Principle

1/21/2010

BIOT 405 Fluid mechanics

Archimedes' Principle:
W can calculate the force exerted We l l h f d by static fluids on floating & immersed bodies b integrating the d b d by h vertical component of the pressure force over the entire surface of f h i f f the body.

1/21/2010

BIOT 405 Fluid mechanics

Buoyancy
Ptop

l
h

Pbottom
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Archimedes' Principle:
The vertical component pressure h l force integrated around entire surface of a float or submerged f f fl b d body is called buoyant force.

1/21/2010

BIOT 405 Fluid mechanics

Archimedes' Principle:

But

1/21/2010

BIOT 405 Fluid mechanics

Archimedes' Principle:

Since liq>>air We have

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BIOT 405 Fluid mechanics

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Archimedes' Principle:
i.e., the weight of the floating h h f h fl body is exactly equal to the weight of the displaced. Th f h d l d Thus, for floating f fl bodies Archimedes principle.

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BIOT 405 Fluid mechanics

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Archimedes' Principle:
Thus for floating bodies Archimedes h f fl b d h d principle is often stated that A floating body displaces a volume of g y q fluid whose weight is exactly equal to its own weight or Buoyant force is equal to the weight Buoyant of the fluid displaced.
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In equations: q
buoyant force
Fb = weight of fluid displaced displaced, Fb = mfluiddisplaced g.

B t mfluiddisplaced =den.fluid X vol.object But, d l mfluiddisplaced = fluid Vobject. p j Thus, we get: Fb = fl id Vobject g -> 1 fluid bj t g. >
Note: This only works if the object is completely submerged.
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