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هﻰ ﻣﺤﻜﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ،ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻻﺑﻘﺎء z
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ أآﺒﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك.
ﻣﺤﻚ آﺎﻳﺰر eigenvalue > 1 : Kaiser’s Criterion –
ﻣﺤﻚ آﺎﺗﻞ scree test : Cattell’s Criterion –
ﻧﺴﺒﻪ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ :ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ %10 – 5 –
اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻌﺎت 3 :ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ،ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺗﺸﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ 0.3 –
اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﻰ :ﺧﻄﻮات
Sequential Simultaneous
Processing Processing
Example
e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hand Number Word Gestalt Spatial Matrix Photo
Movements Recall Triangles
Order Closure Momery Analogies Series
Sequential Simultaneous
Processing Processing
اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮآﻴﺪى :ﺧﻄﻮات
ﻣﺮﺑﻊ آﺎى :ﻳﻌﻜﺲ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻣﺪى اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ/اﻟﺘﻐﺎﻳﺮ z
اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ وﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻘﺘﺮﺣﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ
اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﻨﻈﺮى.
إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ آﺎى ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج داﻟﺔ إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ،آﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺆﺷﺮا z
ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﻨﻈﺮى ﺑﺸﻜﻞ آﺒﻴﺮ وﻣﻌﻨﻮى ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻰ
اﻟﺬى ﻳﺤﺪد اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات .وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا
اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻌﻨﻰ رﻓﺾ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح أو إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻪ.
أهﻢ ﻋﻴﻮب هﺬا اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ هﻮ ﺗﺄﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ .ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت ذات z
اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆدى ﻟﺮﻓﺾ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ آﺎن ﻧﻤﻮذج ﺟﻴﺪ أو ﻗﺮﻳﺐ
ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻰ وﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ آﺎن اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح
واﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺻﻐﻴﺮ.
اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮآﻴﺪى :ﻣﺆﺷﺮات اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﻪ
ﺟﺬر ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﺑﻰ Root Mean Square Error z
:of Approximationﻷن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺣﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ
ﺑﻬﺎ اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب ﺑﻘﺪر اﻹﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ،وﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻣﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ
ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ .ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﻳﻮﺟﺪ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج.
وﻳﻘﺪر هﺬا اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ هﺬا اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻣﺪى اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ
discrepancyﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ/اﻟﺘﻐﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ
اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح .وإذا آﺎﻧﺖ
اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج وﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ
ﻟﻪ؛ ﻓﺈن هﺬا اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮر ﻣﻦ أﺛﺮ ذﻟﻚ.
اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮآﻴﺪى :ﻣﻤﻴﺰات
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﺮوض ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺪة ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻴﺔ nested z
models
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﺮوض ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﺎﻧﺎت أﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس z
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﺮوض ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج z
اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺴﺎوى ﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﺎراﻣﺘﺮات
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﺮوض ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﻓﻰ z
ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ
Example
e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hand Number Word Gestalt Spatial Matrix Photo
Movements Recall Triangles
Order Closure Momery Analogies Series
Sequential Simultaneous
Processing Processing
Example: Within-Factor Correlated
Measurement Errors
e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hand Number Word Gestalt Spatial Matrix Photo
Movements Recall Triangles
Order Closure Momery Analogies Series
Sequential Simultaneous
Processing Processing
Example: Between-Factor Correlated
Measurement Errors
e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hand Number Word Gestalt Spatial Matrix Photo
Movements Recall Triangles
Order Closure Momery Analogies Series
Sequential Simultaneous
Processing Processing
اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﻰ واﻟﺘﻮآﻴﺪى:
ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎت واﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت
اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎت z
آﻼ اﻻﺳﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻻﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﻪ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﻪ –
آﻼ اﻻﺳﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻪ أﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﻰ –
اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ
آﻼ اﻻﺳﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺿﺎن اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاﻟﻰ –
آﻼ اﻻﺳﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎن ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات آﺎﻣﻨﻪ –
اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﻰ واﻟﺘﻮآﻴﺪى:
ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎت واﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت
اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت z
z CFA EFA
ﻧﻌﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج –
ﻧﻌﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ –
ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻻرﺗﺒﺎط آﻞ –
ﻧﻌﻢ ﻻ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ
ﻧﻌﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻣﺪﻋﻢ ﺑﺎﻃﺎر ﻧﻈﺮى –
ﻧﻌﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻤﺬﺟﻪ أﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس –
ﻻ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات –
ﻻ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻳﻔﺴﺮ أآﺒﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ –
~END~