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This product is marked with a CE Mark. This mark has been affixed to demonstrate full product compliance with the following European directives: a) b) Directive 73/23/EEC - Council Directive of 19/02/1973 on the harmonization of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits. Directive 89/336/EEC - Council Directive of 3/05/1989 on the approximation of laws of the Member States relating to Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC). Issue Date: February 6, 1996
This product is marked with a TUV Mark. This mark has been affixed to demonstrate full product compliance with UL60950 for US and Canada. This product is marked with a GS Mark. This mark has been affixed to demonstrate full product compliance with German Safety Requirements. This product is compliant with IEC60950 with all countries deviations, according to the CB scheme. The product complies with Japan requirements per VCCI V-3/2001.04 The product complies with Australian requirements per AS/NZS CISPR 22:04 The product complies with Deutche Telecom requirements per FTZ1TR9 Complies with US requirements FCC part 15
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Revision record: I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description Pub. Date Update Description Rev. 01 Oct-05 First edition and printing 02 Nov-05 Formatting corrections A00 03 Apr-06 SW version Kalypso 5.1.1. Publication No. 05050301 Dwg. No. 480206-1000-101-95-A00 Dwg. Rev.
Veraz is a registered trademark of VERAZ NETWORKS INC., 2006. All rights reserved worldwide. The information contained in this document is proprietary and is subject to all relevant copyright, patent and other laws protecting intellectual property, as well as any specific agreement protecting VERAZ NETWORKS INC.'s rights in the aforesaid information. Neither this document nor the information contained herein may be published, reproduced or disclosed to third parties, in whole or in part, without the express, prior, written permission of VERAZ NETWORKS INC. In addition, any use of this document or the information contained herein for any purposes other than those for which it was disclosed is strictly forbidden. Any representation(s) in this document concerning performance of VERAZ NETWORKS INC.'s product(s) are for informational purposes only and are not warranties of future performance, either express or implied. VERAZ NETWORKS INC.'s standard limited warranty, stated in its sales contract or order confirmation form, is the only warranty offered by VERAZ NETWORKS INC. in relation thereto. VERAZ NETWORKS INC. reserves the right, without prior notice or liability, to make changes in equipment design or specifications. This document may contain flaws, inaccuracies, omissions or typesetting errors; no warranty is granted nor liability assumed in relation thereto, nor responsibilities for third-party rights which may be affected in any way by the use thereof, unless specifically undertaken in VERAZ NETWORKS INC.'s sales contract or order confirmation. Information contained herein is periodically updated and changes will be incorporated into subsequent editions. If you have encountered an error, please notify VERAZ NETWORKS INC. Direct any comments or questions to Veraz Customer Service at Service@Veraznetworks.com.
Contents
Contents
1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 1-1 1.1. New Generation Voice Switching Infrastructure.................................. 1-3 1.2. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway ............................................. 1-5 1.2.1. Industry-Leading Service Performance ................................ 1-5 1.2.2. Carrier-Grade Features ........................................................ 1-8 1.2.3. Ethernet and TDM Bearer Links ........................................... 1-9 1.2.4. Interoperability ...................................................................... 1-9 1.2.5. Synchronization .................................................................. 1-10 1.3. Veraz New Generation Network Solutions ........................................ 1-11 1.4. I-Gate 4000 EDGE Applications........................................................ 1-11 1.5. Examples of I-Gate 4000 EDGE Applications ................................... 1-13 1.5.1. TDM-to-VoIP Class 4/Tandem Switch Replacement -- Domestic and International Applications.............................................. 1-13 1.5.2. I-Gate 4000 EDGE in Nex-Gen Cellular Network ............... 1-15 1.5.3. Static Trunking over IP or TDM Bearer .............................. 1-17 1.5.4. Business PRI Interface Applications................................... 1-21 2 Physical & Card Description ................................................................... 2-1 2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 2-1 2.2. Module Description.............................................................................. 2-1 2.2.1. IC4P Card -- 4-Port TDM Network Interface......................... 2-2 2.2.2. IC8P Card -- 8-Port TDM Network Interface......................... 2-3 2.2.3. ICHP Card -- 20-Port TDM Network Interface ...................... 2-4 2.2.4. BPSM Card -- Basic Processing and Switching Module ...... 2-5 2.2.5. XPSM Card -- Expanded Processing and Switching Module 2-8 2.2.6. Power Supply Modules and Configurations........................ 2-11 2.2.7. EFTM -- Fan Tray Module .................................................. 2-13 2.2.8. ALARM Conn (Connector).................................................. 2-14 2.2.9. Grounding Connection........................................................ 2-14
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Traffic Handling Features ........................................................................ 3-1 3.1. Call Processing Features .................................................................... 3-2 3.1.1. Toll Quality Voice.................................................................. 3-3 3.1.2. Echo Cancellation................................................................. 3-4 3.1.3. Silence Suppression, VAD, and CNG .................................. 3-4 3.1.4. Adaptive Jitter Buffer ............................................................ 3-5 3.1.5. Packet Loss Concealment.................................................... 3-6 3.1.6. Signal Classification ............................................................. 3-7 3.1.7. Fax Quality ........................................................................... 3-8 3.1.8. Modem Support .................................................................... 3-8 3.1.9. Low System Delay................................................................ 3-9 3.1.10. DTMF Support .................................................................... 3-9 3.2. Packet Aggregation and Payload Shaping.......................................... 3-9 3.2.1. Router Load Balancing ....................................................... 3-10 3.3. CSB -- Compressed Common Channel Signaling Backhaul............. 3-11 3.4. Packet Priority Selection ................................................................... 3-12 3.5. QoS Protection Control ..................................................................... 3-12 3.6. TDM Bearer Redundancy Protections............................................... 3-12 3.7. Openness, Interoperability, and Service Quality ............................... 3-13 3.8. Announcement and Tone playing...................................................... 3-14
VerazView Management........................................................................... 4-1 4.1. VerazView functional modules ............................................................ 4-1 4.2. VerazView main features .................................................................... 4-1 4.3. Fault and Performance Manager......................................................... 4-3 4.3.1. Fault and Performance Manager Window ............................ 4-3 4.3.2. Event and Alarm Handling.................................................... 4-3 4.4. Configurator ........................................................................................ 4-4
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Technical Specifications ......................................................................... 5-1 5.1. Telephony Traffic................................................................................. 5-1 5.2. Trunk Interfaces (PSTN) ..................................................................... 5-2 5.3. Packet Network Interface (IP/TDM)..................................................... 5-2 5.4. Redundancy and Availability ............................................................... 5-3 5.5. System Synchronization...................................................................... 5-3 5.6. Power .................................................................................................. 5-4 5.7. Environmental Conditions ................................................................... 5-4 5.8. Physical Characteristics ...................................................................... 5-4
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Figures
Figure 1-1: Three-Layer Switch Model.................................................................. 1-4 Figure 1-2: New Generation Tandem Network Solution ..................................... 1-14 Figure 1-3: Nex-Gen Cellular Network Application ............................................. 1-16 Figure 1-4: Single Route Application .................................................................. 1-19 Figure 1-5: Point to Multipoint Configuration....................................................... 1-19 Figure 1-6: Multibearer and Multipoint Configuration.......................................... 1-20 Figure 2-1: IC4P Front Panel ................................................................................ 2-2 Figure 2-2: IC8P Front Panel ................................................................................ 2-3 Figure 2-3: ICHP Front Panel ............................................................................... 2-4 Figure 2-4: BPSM Front Panel.............................................................................. 2-5 Figure 2-5: XPSM Front Panel.............................................................................. 2-8 Figure 2-6: EACM Front Panel............................................................................ 2-11 Figure 2-7: EDCM Front Panel ........................................................................... 2-12 Figure 2-8: Fan Tray Unit - EFTM...................................................................... 2-13 Figure 2-9: Alarm Connector............................................................................... 2-14 Figure 2-10: Grounding Lug................................................................................ 2-14 Figure 3-1: Cliff Effect ........................................................................................... 3-7 Figure 3-2: Single TDM Bearer Redundancy Protection..................................... 3-12 Figure 3-3: Multiple TDM Bearer Redundancy Protection .................................. 3-13
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Introduction
Veraz Networks, the leading new-generation network solutions vendor, provides a best-of-class telephony and multimedia switching solution that meets the challenge of converging current and future telecommunications capabilities onto a single Multi-Service Network Infrastructure. Communication service providers face a complex set of challenges. Worldwide deregulation has increased the level of competition, forcing service providers to find new approaches to attract and retain profitable customers. While the ubiquity of the Internet has resulted in new opportunities for interactions with anyone, anywhere, the new competitive environment and the rise of the Internet has reduced the profitability potential of the traditional public voice network. At the same time, businesses and consumers are moving towards always-on digital connectivity through broadband and Web-enabled wireless devices to better take advantage of this connected world. These digitally empowered users are increasing the demand for customized communication services. Service providers require new efficiencies to serve today's Internet users and new flexibility to attract and retain tomorrow's profitable broadband users. To succeed, service providers must overcome the technical and financial hurdles of moving to increasingly efficient packet-based technologies and services while still leveraging existing circuit-switched voice networks. Veraz Networks is fully aligned with this market and technology trend and has elected to concentrate the full weight of our experience and effort toward the development of new-generation switching solutions. Veraz Networks is committed to providing open and interoperable solutions consistent with the intent of the IETF, ITU, the International Softswitch Consortium, and other proponents of distributed architecture principles (e.g. IMS) and systems concepts. The Veraz Networks telecom products provide true best-of-class solutions meeting all of the requirements of the complete new-generation three-tiered reference model.
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I - G a t e 4 0 0 0 E DG E G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n
At the media adaptation and transport level, the Veraz I-Gate 4000 series of media gateways provide toll quality transmission of voice, fax, and data traffic between the packet switching network and PSTN, and vice-versa. For the control and signaling level, the Veraz ControlSwitch and its suite of applications provide fully distributed softswitch functionality that transforms the traditional central office into a distributed Network Office. The resulting complete solution makes possible the deployment of flexible subscriber services from anywhere in the service provider's network, lowering network investment and operating costs. As a result, the service provider can quickly deliver high-value, differentiated new services for their specific markets, boosting their revenues and profits. Veraz Networks' products provide far-reaching advantages to the service provider in the migration of the public voice networks to more efficient and flexible networks based on packet technology. While capitalizing on existing installed infrastructure investments, the service provider can solve current network challenges and prepare to capture new revenue opportunities through a new generation of differentiating services. On the other hand, for greenfield network operators, the new-generation switching network paradigm will ensure, from the start, the most cost-effective solution that is fully aligned with industry trends.
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One of the fundamental elements of the new-generation telecom scenario is the media gateway, providing the bridge between today's TDM-based legacy network and the new-generation services infrastructure. The media gateways must simultaneously execute two main tasks: Perform inter-media network adaptation between the various circuit-switching and packet-switching network domains Provide multiple-media switching platform for the various service and signaling payloads according to the required routing scenarios (e.g. TDM-to-TDM, TDMto-IP).
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High-Performance Silence Suppression: Globally deployed Silence Suppression algorithms providing dual benefits: minimization of bandwidth needed on access and backbone network segments, and reduction in processing and throughput requirements on WAN network routers. These benefits are achieved without any degradation in voice quality. The implementation of I-Gate 4000 EDGE's Silence Suppression utilizes Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and Comfort Noise Generation and Injection (CNG) features that ensure Toll Quality under any input signal level and/or original background noise condition. Superior Echo Cancellation: State-of-the-art Veraz echo cancellers enabling the most pleasing conversational speech in the industry. I-Gate 4000 EDGE's echo cancellation technology complies with ITU G.165 and G.168, and is currently delivering unrivaled field results i.e. low residual echo/ERLE (Echo Return Loss Enhancement), fast convergence time and no clipping at the ends of double-talk. Highest Compression Ratio: I-Gate 4000 EDGE's Packet Aggregation allows the lowest possible consumption of IP-network bandwidth and processing resources, significantly lowering overall operations and life cycle costs. In particular, bandwidth consumption reduction challenges operators aiming to connect remote sites through expensive international and long-distance links or leased lines. In addition, Payload Shaping ensures smooth loading on the WAN routers. Typical bandwidth compression performance of 12:1 for the G.729A codec (50% speech activity) and more than 14:1 for the G.723.1 codec while providing the highest voice quality performance in the market. High Quality Fax Relay: Brand recognized fax relay algorithms providing bandwidth-efficient and very high picture quality fax transmission and full support of the T.38 standard. Unmatched Signal Classification: Highly efficient signal detection and classification algorithms ensuring the highest levels of voice, modem, and fax call completion with the mandatory quality.
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High-performance Jitter Buffer algorithm: Adaptive jitter buffer management algorithm ensuring jitter offset with the smallest buffer size to minimize end-toend delay. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE can handle network jitter up to 300 msec. Smart Packet Loss Concealment: Optimal substitution of lost packets in voice signals affected by loss of packets in the IP network, making the loss almost unnoticeable. Bandwidth Efficient and Reliable Common Channel Signaling over IP Transmission: Robust SS7 and PRI signaling compression and transport mechanism (over SCTP) ensuring dual benefits: full signaling transparency despite IP-networks' packet loss impairments, and cost-effective network topology based on optimal location of the different new-generation network elements (e.g. Signaling Gateway). Unique Smart Packet Priority Selection mechanism: Dynamically reduces the outgoing packet payload (bandwidth requirements) without any perceivable degradation of voice quality when a temporary (transient) traffic overload, bandwidth constriction, or network congestion occurs. QoS Protection Control: Realtime detection of continuous congestion in a route to a specific IP destination and notification to the softswitch upon surpassing a packet loss threshold. This allows the softswitch to route new calls through alternative routes, facilitating restoration of the initial route. Low System Delay: Lowest system delay, satisfying voice services realtime requirements, regardless of system configuration and traffic load.
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1.2.4. Interoperability
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway delivers an interoperability-ready solution, based on open interfaces and standards compliance, facilitating smooth integration with other vendors' network components, and seamless interconnection with other operators' networks -- e.g. MGCP, H.248 (future version), RTP/RTCP, T.38. Veraz is actively involved in standards organizations, and our media gateways maintain the highest level of compliance with published standards. Veraz's total ownership of all the media gateway technologies, from the system platform to the DSP codes, results in additional benefits to the operator. These are: An optimal solution for all functional and performance aspects of the media gateway. All the hardware and software components are specifically designed to maximize the media gateway's functional performance and achieve the most favorable cost structure. Unique capability of guaranteeing interoperability with other vendors' products using special or non-standardized features (or feature variations). Unmatched time-to-market and ability to respond, to meet the operator's customized needs.
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1.2.5. Synchronization
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway clock synchronization module is located in the BPSM and XPSM cards and supports one (1) primary and one (1) secondary clock sources. The two clock sources should be standard E1 or T1 input-bit streams of any configured TDM interface. In addition, the I-Gate 4000 EDGE includes an internal clock generator located in the BPSM and XPSM cards. Under normal conditions the system will utilize the primary clock source. Upon failure or unavailability of primary clock source, then automatic switchover to the configured secondary clock source will take place. After normalization of the primary clock source, then automatic reversion is executed by the system. If both clock sources, primary and secondary, are unavailable or detected as failed, then the system will utilize the internal clock source. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway contains a redundant timing module (located in the redundant BPSM or XPSM card). The Timing module complies with the following standards/specifications: AT&T TR-62411 and Telcordia GR-1244 stratum 3 specifications (Jitter Wander tolerance/Transfer) ITU-T Recommendations G.812, G.813 Type III specifications (operation modes) Telcordia GR-2830-Core Jitter requirements ITU-T 825, ANSI T1.101 and ETS300 462-5 (1997) The free-running (internal) clock has an accuracy of 4.6 ppm (Stratum 3).
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I - G a t e 4 0 0 0 E DG E G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n
Static Trunking over TDM Bearer: Enables the I-Gate 4000 EDGE to be used not only as a VoIP Media Gateway, but also as a DCME compression system which has the inherent capability of migrating to a VoIP bearer network. This feature can also be configured in the same chassis with a standard VoIP Media Gateway. The operator can then choose whether the bearer interface will be IP or TDM. Softswitch controlled applications: A VoIP-based backbone network including I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateways and softswitches (Class 4/Tandem or Class 5/Local switch replacement) allows the operator to build a carrier-grade new-generation network with a minimized cost-of-ownership (with no need to invest in legacy TDM switches). The I-Gate 4000 EDGE supports switching between any pair of end points, whether TDM-to-TDM or TDM-to-VoIP switching, controlled by a softswitch. Combined-mode applications: The same I-Gate 4000 EDGE can simultaneously support Static Trunking mode for one group of TDM trunks and Softswitch-Controlled mode for a different group of TDM trunks. Nex-Gen Cellular Network Applications: Cellular network operators are also planning migration scenarios towards the softswitch-based multi-tiered architecture. These migration plans differ depending on the ownership of the current infrastructure (fully owned or using leased facilities), expansion opportunities, and the operator's 3G (third generation) infrastructure development strategy. A typical near-term new-generation network solution for cellular networks requires VoIP media gateways operating in Static Trunking or Switching mode for MSC-hub applications, tandem applications between the MSC's and PSTN switches, POI (Point of Interconnection) backhauling, and others. Business PRI Interface Applications: Business customers using a PABX with PRI signaling interface can be directly connected to the I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway. This application provides reduced expenses for transmission resources and the interconnection of legacy customer equipment to a newgeneration switching network.
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I - G a t e 4 0 0 0 E DG E G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n
through the packet-switching network to a media gateway at the other end of the backbone path. At the receiving media gateway, the inverse processes take place. In addition to media adaptation, the media gateways can perform signal compression to reduce the bandwidth and routing resources of the backbone network through which the VoIP traffic runs. As an example, signal compression processes could include Silence Suppression G.729A codec, RTP Multiplexed Packet Aggregation and SS7 and/or PRI compression. The whole process including establishment of call path and call handling is performed under control of the softswitch.
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I-Gate 4000 EDGE interoperates seamlessly with existing PSTN networks and is completely standards-based allowing smooth and easy integration and interoperability with other vendors' media gateways operating with other protocols (e.g. H.323, SIP).
Note: Although Figure 1-2 shows I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateways only, an actual application could include other I-Gate media gateways (e.g. I-Gate 4000 PRO) in sites with high numbers of TDM trunks (e.g. thousands of DS0s).
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I - G a t e 4 0 0 0 E DG E G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n
Note: Although Figure 1-3 shows I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateways only, an actual application could include other I-Gate media gateways (e.g. I-Gate 4000 PRO) in sites with high numbers of TDM trunks (e.g. thousands of DS0s).
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I - G a t e 4 0 0 0 E DG E G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n
This configuration has the following characteristics: The I-Gate media gateways are interconnected to the PSTN or MSC switches through standard E1 or T1 trunk interfaces. The TDM trunks contain 64 kbps DS0 channels carrying the uncompressed telephony signals (e.g. voice, fax, modem) and/or signaling (e.g. SS7, PRI). At the I-Gate media gateways, the uncompressed traffic from the switches is compressed and carried over the bearer (using long-distance transmission network) to the I-Gate media gateways at the distant site where the received payloads are decompressed. I-Gate compression algorithms allow a strong reduction in the required bandwidth resources while ensuring high voice quality performance. The compression mechanisms include low-rate encoding (e.g. G.729A, G.723.1, GSM-EFR), Silence Suppression, and RTP Packet Aggregation. In addition, Toll Quality service is ensured by a unique implementation of processing techniques that include: Echo Cancellation, Voice Activity Detection, Spectral Background Noise Injection, Packet Loss Concealment, Adaptive Jitter Buffer, and Smart Packet Priority Selection. On the bearer (long-distance) side, the I-Gate media gateways can support IP as well as TDM interfaces. The allocation of DS0 channels to a given destination is performed statically (semi-permanent connections provisioned by the operator), without need for softswitch or signaling gateway. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE can interwork with the international PSTN switch via Q.50 control protocol (types A and B), which provides Dynamic Load Control (DLC) for traffic overload conditions in international links. It should be noted that the long-distance transmission link can be implemented using an IP packet network or a TDM (PDH or SDH) network. A Static Trunking system can be deployed according to either a single-route pointto-point configuration as shown in Figure 1-4, or in a hub point-to-multipoint configuration as shown in Figure 1-5, or in a multi-bearer and multipoint configuration as shown in Figure 1-6.
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I - G a t e 4 0 0 0 E DG E G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n
Contributing to a further OpEx reduction is the fact that one single VerazView management system can simultaneously control all the media gateways in a network and that the management information is carried in-band over the bearer links (without need for separate transmission resources).
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The I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway is encased in a 1U high chassis designed to be both rugged and offer protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI). Table 2-1 provides the physical dimensions of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE terminal.
Table 2-1: I-Gate 4000 EDGE Dimensions
Dimension
Width Height Depth
Terminal
435 mm (not including mounting brackets) 44.45 mm (1.00 inch, 1U) 350 mm (13.8 inches)
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The BPSM card performs the following functions: Handles up to 4 E1/T1 bitstreams connected to the IC4P, IC8P or ICHP card installed in the chassis Handles up to 3 Fast Ethernet (100BaseT) interfaces to the external IP network Supports TDM switching fabrics Supports DS0 to DS0 cross-connection Performs signal and payload processing, packet encapsulation, continuity test, and DTMF handling tasks. Signal and payload processing includes: Signal and Tone detection Signal analysis Voice Activity Detection (VAD), for Silence Suppression feature Comfort Noise Generation (CNG), for Silence Suppression feature Echo cancellation Voice compression using low rate encoding algorithms (e.g. G.729A, G.723, GSM-EFR)
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T.38 Fax and Fax Pass-through Modem Pass-through Packet Loss Concealment Adaptive Jitter Buffer DTMF handling (inband RTP/RFC 2833 and out-of-band MGCP/H.248 Package) Compressed SS7 Backhaul (over SCTP) Packetization (Ethernet and IP encapsulation) of the packet payloads. The processed signals are arranged into frames of a given size and added to the appropriate IP and Ethernet protocol overheads. Packet Aggregation using RTP multiplexing Supports the interface(s) to the IP network(s) via the Fast Ethernet (100BaseT) Interface(s) Supports the IP protocol stacks (e.g. RTP, RTCP, UDP) and the protocol interface with the external softswitch using MGCP V1.0 or H.248/MEGACO (future release) Supports PPP and ML-PPP protocols Supports alarms and status indications The BPSM card contains eight (8) LEDs which provide the following indications: CRITICAL alarm MAJOR alarm MINOR alarm The activation of one of these LEDs indicates that an alarm condition of corresponding severity was detected by the system. STATUS of the System
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Provides LINK STATUS for up to four (4) E1/T1 bitstreams Provides 1 (one) RS-232 CONSOLE port A RESET pushbutton is also provided in this card. The BPSM card supports card redundancy. This optional feature is implemented using a second BPSM card in the chassis. In this configuration, one BPSM card operates in active mode and the redundant BPSM card operates in standby mode. In the event of a failure of the active BPSM card, the redundant BPSM automatically executes switchover, ensuring full system operation. The switchover process is completed in a short period of time and the carried traffic is not affected. The BPSM card also supports IP link redundancy. In case of IP link failure, the link leg is moved to a redundant link port. The BPSM card also supports the following tasks: Configuration handling Flash memory for configuration map and software version storage Built-In-Test (BIT) Software download facilities Maintenance control Communications with VerazView management system Configuration map support IP switch: Layers 2 and 3
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The XPSM card performs the following functions: Handles up to 20 E1/T1 bitstreams connected to the IC8P or ICHP card installed in the chassis Handles up to 3 Fast Ethernet (100BaseT) interfaces to the external IP network Supports TDM switching fabrics Supports DS0 to DS0 cross-connection Performs signal and payload processing, packet encapsulation, continuity test, and DTMF handling tasks. Signal and payload processing includes: Signal and Tone detection Signal analysis Voice Activity Detection (VAD) (for Silence Suppression feature) Comfort Noise Generation (CNG) (for Silence Suppression feature) Echo cancellation Voice compression using low rate encoding algorithms (e.g. G.729A, G.723, GSM-EFR)
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T.38 Fax and Fax Pass through Modem Pass through Packet Loss Concealment Adaptive Jitter Buffer DTMF handling (inband RTP/RFC 2833 and out-of-band MGCP/H.248 Package) Compressed SS7 Backhaul (over SCTP) Packetization (Ethernet and IP encapsulation) of the packet payloads. The processed signals are arranged into frames of a given size and added to the appropriate IP and Ethernet protocol overheads. Packet Aggregation using RTP multiplexing Supports the interface(s) to the IP network(s) via the Fast Ethernet (100BaseT) Interface(s) Supports the IP protocol stacks (e.g. RTP, RTCP, UDP) and the protocol interface with the external softswitch using MGCP V1.0 or H.248/MEGACO (future version). Supports PPP and ML-PPP protocols Supports alarms and status indications The XPSM card contains twenty-four (24) LEDs which provide the following indications: CRITICAL alarm MAJOR alarm MINOR alarm The activation of one of these LEDs indicates that an alarm condition of corresponding severity was detected by the system. STATUS of the system
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Provides LINK STATUS for up to 20 E1/T1 bitstreams Provides 1 (one) RS-232 CONSOLE port A RESET pushbutton is also provided in this card The XPSM card supports card redundancy. This optional feature is implemented using a second XPSM card in the chassis. In this configuration, one XPSM card operates in active mode and the redundant XPSM card operates in standby mode. In the event of a failure of the active XPSM card, the redundant XPSM automatically executes switchover, ensuring full system operation. The switchover process is completed in a short period of time and the carried traffic is not affected. The XPSM card also supports IP link redundancy. In case of IP link failure, the link leg is moved to a redundant link port. The XPSM card also supports the following tasks: Configuration handling Flash memory for configuration map and software version storage Built-In-Test (BIT) Software download facilities Maintenance control Communications with VerazView management system Configuration map support IP switch: Layers 2 and 3
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The AC power supply card (EACM) has the following functions: Provides the connection for AC voltage (110/220 VAC) AC to DC conversion (48 VDC) conversion DC to DC conversion (48 VDC to 12.5 VDC) Provides current limitation and short-circuit protection The EACM card includes a Power ON/OFF switch. A second EACM card can be installed in the same chassis providing redundancy protection to the EACM card and the support for a separate (redundant) AC power feed connection
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The DC power supply card (EDCM) has the following functions: Provides the connection for DC voltage (-48/60 VDC) DC to DC conversion (48 VDC to 12.5 VDC) Provides current limitation and short-circuit protection A second EDCM card can be installed in the same chassis providing redundancy protection to the EDCM card and the support for a separate (redundant) DC power feed connection.
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The ALARM connector provides dry-contact interfaces for the following audio and visual alarm outputs: CRITICAL (audio) CRITICAL (visual) MAJOR (audio) MAJOR (visual) MINOR (audio) MINOR (visual)
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This chapter provides a description of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE traffic handling features, which include:
Bandwidth-efficient and Robust (Reliable) transmission of Common Channel Signaling (SS7 and PRI) Unique Packet Priority Selection technique Quality of Services Protection mechanism TDM Bearer Redundancy Protection TDM Bearer Load Sharing Mode
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When applying Silence Suppression, two important issues need to be considered: Detection of the beginning and the end of active speech (VAD -- Voice Activity Detection) Generation and injection of background noise (Comfort Noise Quality) Both of these issues, if not properly addressed, can greatly degrade conversational speech quality. Periods of complete silence during a telephone conversation are uncomfortable for both parties, often giving the sensation that the call has been disconnected. During intervals of complete silence, injection of appropriate background noise (called Comfort Noise Generation -- CNG) at the receiving end enhances the subjective quality of the call. The challenge is to properly detect the beginning and end of a speech interval (this ensures that the CNG is applied to the receiving end only within complete-silence intervals) and that the noise signal is injected with the same spectral characteristics as the original background noise at the transmit side. VAD must be very responsive, and it must at the same time be efficient and immune to background noise. This eliminates the clipping of speech signals or erroneous detection of false signals. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE's VAD and CNG features fully meet the above requirements, ensuring Toll Quality under any signal level and/or original background noise condition.
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3-5
This dynamic manipulation of the jitter buffer minimizes the effects of jitter without resulting in significant increases in delay. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE can offset network jitters of up to 300 msec.
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conditions, substitute signals can be synthesized based on the characteristics of the previous (not lost) signals.
Cliff Effect
When the lost signals belong to a voice stream interval characterized by quick and/or strong changes (e.g. after a silence interval) or under high packet loss rate conditions, a highly elaborate PLC algorithm is needed to guarantee that no unnatural artifacts will be created to substitute for the missing signals. Veraz's smart PLC combines both determination of predictable lost signals based on the short- and long-term speech characteristics, and the best estimate of unpredictable signals using methods that take into account human audition characteristics.
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A better approach for higher transmission efficiency is payload aggregation based on the stacking of multiple voice call streams into a packet, using a shared overhead. This solution has nearly no impact on the end-to-end delay. Packet Payload Aggregation benefits the carrier in the following two ways: Reduction of bandwidth requirements on the WAN network with a compression of almost 12:1 for G.729A codec, or higher for G.723.1 codec Reduction of the processing requirements (CPU loading) on the WAN routers due to a significant reduction (more than 96%) in the packets-per-second payload transmitted by the I-Gate 4000 EDGE It must be stressed that the I-Gate 4000 EDGE RTP Multiplexing technique provides a high compression figure with no impact on voice quality. In addition, the Payload Shaping mechanism ensures that the IP packets leaving the I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway are smoothly distributed over time, further reducing the load and processing requirements on the WAN resources.
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The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway also supports Load Sharing operational mode. When using this traffic-carrying mode, the bearer traffic is distributed between both physical bearer links, the Primary and the Redundant links, respectively. Upon failure of one of the bearer links, the total traffic will be handled by the other bearer link. Figure 3-3 shows a multiple bearer configuration including 2+1 bearer links. From a traffic capacity and quality perspective, the bearer traffic can be carried by two (2) bearer links, only. However, in order to provide bearer link protection, an additional bearer link is used. Under normal operational conditions (no link failure), the I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway traffic is distributed among all the physical bearer links (3 links in the figure). Upon failure of one of the bearer links, the total traffic will be handled by the other two bearer links.
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3-13
Veraz media gateways provide interoperability at all levels with any IP telephony network element that complies with the following standards: MGCP, H.248 (future release) RTP, T.38, and SNMP. Veraz's media gateway has been tested for interoperability with other IP telephony vendors' products such as media gateways, CPE's, and softswitches. This interoperability-ready capability benefits the operator with a short time-to-market response to enter new markets or satisfy growing business opportunities.
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The audio packets of the announcement/tone files may be sent simultaneously to all TDM channels (or connections) instead of the incoming traffic. When a command to play an announcement is received from the MGC, the traffic packet stream is replaced by packets from the announcement file. The user may store his database of announcement files anywhere in its network. From this database the user can download/replace the already downloaded announcement files. All downloaded announcements can be used immediately by a command from the MGC towards any TDM channel.
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VerazView Management
The standard management tool for the I-Gate Media Gateways is the VerazViewManagement System. VerazView provides the network operator with enhanced Fault, Configuration, Performance, and Security management of the I-Gate 4000, I-Gate 4000 PRO and IGate 4000 EDGE media gateways.
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4-1
V e r a z V i ew M a n a g e m e n t
Management protocol: SNMP & FTP Allows simultaneous operation by multiple operators Web-based management (WBM): an operator can manage a media gateway from anywhere in the world by using a Web Browser (as a Client application) to access the GUI and functionalities of the VerazView (as a Server application). Integrated Event Browser, showing a summary of events originating from the equipment sites, as well as events related to certain user operations with the VerazView application Supports configuration validation at all levels Runtime configuration capability: changing configuration parameters for a media gateway without shutting it down or rebooting Security management: Authorization and authentication of users, audition of operator actions, access control and management, and management of multiple operators. Access level (access rights): defines the set of procedures that a user is permitted to carry out. Multiple authorization levels may be defined (where each level can perform the stated tasks as well as the tasks of all previous levels): History log of events/alarms, with filter and search utilities, for ease of use Comprehensive reports: display of vital information concerning system management, traffic monitoring , and traffic statistics Backup and Restore operations: for maps, managers, embedded software and Topology Tree. Runtime Configuration: the ability to change the working parameters of the IGate 4000 EDGE without the need to reset the gateway and disrupt its traffic. In order to change a gateway's working parameters, the operator uses the VerazView Configurator. By working with a GUI similar to the one used during the static configuration process, the operator can change a gateway's working parameters one by one, and instruct the gateway to implement the new working parameters.
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I - G a t e 4 0 0 0 E D G E G e n e r a l D e s c ri p t i o n
V e r a z V i ew M a n a g e m e n t
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4-3
V e r a z V i ew M a n a g e m e n t
reads information from network elements which it organizes into various views. By providing basic and advanced filters, as well as the ability to select the entire network, a site, a cluster, or a single network element, the Fault and Performance Manager enables the operator to view as much or as little information as required. There are two major elements in the viewing and handling of network element events: the Current Alarms view and the History Browser. The Current Alarms view enables the operator to view both open alarms and closed alarms that have not yet been acknowledged. The Current Alarms view also enables the operator to track event handling by viewing events as they occur and acknowledging them. The History Browser enables the operator to view past events and alarms, and to filter event information, in order to see as much or as little information as required, and to focus on specific event information. Both components offer standard and advanced viewing options and tools that enable the operator to move easily through the alarm listings.
4.4. Configurator
The Configurator guides the operator through the steps for properly configuring a media gateway and for providing the services necessary to operate and monitor the system. The Configurator also checks the validity of the complete configuration. Using the Configurator, an operator can set various parameters in the I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway. These parameters characterize the hardware as well as the type of connection between media gateways. All parameters are stored in a database called the configuration map. The configuration map is organized according to several categories and kept in a special data structure called a MIB. This configuration information is contained in the flash memory of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE. An operator can also perform runtime configuration. This means that it is possible to change configuration parameters for a media gateway without switching off or rebooting it. The VerazView runtime configuration option uses the same GUI as the basic Configurator, making it very easy to use. When using the basic Configurator, the operator edits all the working parameters of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE and then activates the map. The runtime configuration option is used in order to change the parameters of the media gateway during its operation.
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Technical Specifications
5.1. Telephony Traffic
Total Capacity Voice Processing Maximum of 496 DS0 trunk channels (496 simultaneous calls and signaling) G.711 PCM @ 64Kbps
G.723.1 ACELP / MPMLQ @ 5.3, 6.3 Kbps G.729A (+B) CS-ACELP @ 8Kbps GSM-EFR (12.2 Kbps at the first release) Silence Suppression Echo Canceller ITU-T G.168 & G.165 compliant Up to 128 msec tail length Dynamic EC enabling controlled by signaling and/or softswitch/media gateway controller Fax support Group 3 faxes (up to 14.4 Kb/s) ITU-T T.38 fax relay or up-speeding to G.711, according to a configuration parameter Voice Band Data (modem) support DTMF Handling Pass through to G.711 Detection and generation according to RFC 2833 MGCP -- DTMF package support Jitter Buffer Size Up to 300 msec
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5-1
Technical Specifications
5-2
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Technical Specifications
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5-3
Technical Specifications
5.6. Power
DC power input AC power input Power Consumption -48VDC / -60VDC 220 VAC / 110 VAC Max 70 Watts
North America -
UL 1950, 3rd edition for US. CSA 22.2 No. 95- for Canada. CE EN60950 Amd. 4.
Environmental standards
-5C to 50C
Weight
3.98 Kg
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Glossary
100BaseT 3G AC ACELP ACO aka ALOC AMR ANSI B3ZS BER BIT BPSM BPO CAS CapEx CCR CCS CDR CE CLASS 4/5 Fast Ethernet Interface Third Generation Alternating Current Algebraic Code-Excited Linear Prediction Alarm Cut Off also known as Average Length of Call Adaptive Multi-Rate (codec) American National Standards Institute Bipolar with 3-Zero Suppression Bit Error Rate Built-In-Test Basic Processing and Switching Module Business Process Outsourcing Channel Associated Signaling Capital Expenditure Call Completion Ratio Common Channel Signaling Call Detail Record Conformite European Type of Telecom Switch Architecture
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A-1
Glossary
CNG CPE CPU CRC CSA CS-ACELP CSB DCME DLC DS DS0 DS1 DS3 DSL DSLAM DSP DTMF E1 EACM EDCM EFR EFTM EMI ERLE ETL
Comfort Noise Generation Customer Premises Equipment Central Processing unit Cyclic redundancy checking Canadian Standards Institute Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code-Excited Linear Prediction, a speech compression algorithm Compressed Signaling Backhaul Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment Dynamic Load Control Digital Signal 64 kbit/s Digital Signal 1.544 Mbit/s interface (US); aka T1 44.736 Mbit/s interface (US); aka T3 Digital Subscriber Lines Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer Digital signal processing Dual Tone Multi-Frequency 2048 kbit/s interface (Europe) EDGE AC Power Supply Module EDGE DC Power Supply Module Enhanced Full Rate (codec) EDGE Fan Tray Module ElectroMagnetic Interference Echo Return Loss Enhancement Echo Tail Length
A-2
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Glossary
ETSI FCC FTP G.723.1 G.729 GSM GUI H.248 H.323 IC4P IC8P ICHP IAD I/F I/O IEEE IETF IMS IN IP IPoTDM ISDN ITU IUA IVR
European Telecommunications Standards Institute Federal Communication Commission File Transfer Protocol Codec Codec Global System for Mobile Communications Graphical User Interface Media Gateway Control Protocol for handling the signaling and session management ITU standard for VoIP telephony 4-Port TDM Network Interface card 8-Port TDM Network Interface card 20-Port TDM Network Interface card Integrated Access Device Interface Input/Output Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Engineering Task Force IP Multimedia Subsystem Intelligent Network Internet Protocol IP protocol over TDM network Integrated Services Digital Network International Telecommunication Union ISDN User Adaptation Layer Interactive Voice Response
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Glossary
LAN LAPD LED LT MF MG or MGW MGC MGCP MIB ML-PPP MOS MSC MTA MTBF MTP2 NGN NRZ OC OC-3 OpEx PABX PCM PDH PLC POI
Local Area Network Link Access Procedure (channel-D). Used in ISDN data channel. Light-Emitting Diode Lamp Test Multi Frequency coding Media Gateway Media Gateway Controller Media Gateway Control Protocol Management Information Base Multi-Link Point-to-Point Protocol Mean Opinion Score Mobile Switching Center Message Transfer Agent Mean Time Between Failures Message Transfer Part Layer 2 of SS7 signaling protocol New-Generation Network Non-Return to Zero Optical Carrier Optical Carrier -- 155 Mbit/s Operational Expenditures Private Automatic Branch Exchange Pulse Code Modulation Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Packet Loss Concealment Point of Interconnection
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Glossary
PPP PPS PRI PSTN Q.50 QoS RFC RJ-45 RS-232 RTCP RTP Rx SC SCTP SDH SIGTRAN SIP SME SNMP SONET SP SS7 SSW STM-1 SVM T1
Point-to-Point Protocol Packet Priority Selection Primary Rate Interface ISDN Public Switched Telephone Network Control Protocol (Types A and B) Quality of Service Request for Comment 8-wire Connector Recommended Standard 232 Realtime Transport Control Protocol Realtime Transport Protocol Receive Square Connector Stream Control Transmission Protocol Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Signaling transport architecture Session Initiation Protocol Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Simple Network Management Protocol Synchronous Optical Network Source Port Signaling System No. 7 Softswitch Synchronous Transfer Mode Software Version Management 1544 kbit/s interface/rate (US) -- equivalent to DS1
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Glossary
T-38 TCO TDM Telcordia TR-Tx Tx UDP UL VAD VBD VerazView-xMS VoIP WAN WBM xDSL XPSM
ITU Standard (Fax over IP) Total Cost of Ownership Time Division Multiplexing Telecommunication Standard Trunk Transmit Transmit User Datagram Protocol Underwriter Laboratories Voice Activity Detection Voice Band Data Management system for the I-Gate products Voice over IP Wide Area Network Web-Based Management Digital Subscriber Line - generic Expanded Processing and Switching Module
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Index
A
ALOC, 1-5 Announcement and Tone playing, 3-14 Applications, 1-11 Architecture, 1-8
B
D
DCME over IP, 1-17 Decomposed switch, 1-3 Delay, 3-9 Dimensions, 2-1 DTMF signaling, 3-9
B
Business PRI Interface applications, 1-12, 1-21
E
Echo cancellation, 3-4 Echo Cancellation, 1-6 Ethernet, 1-9
C
Call control, 1-3 Call Processing, 3-2 Card Description, 2-1 Cards ALRM, 2-14 BPSM, 2-5 EACM, 2-11 EDCM, 2-12 EFTM, 2-13 IC4P, 2-2 IC8P, 2-3 ICHP, 2-4 XPSM, 2-8 CCR, 1-5 cellular network applications, 1-12, 1-15 Combined-mode applications, 1-12 Comfort Noise Generation, 3-5 Common Channel signaling, 1-7 Compressed CCS Backhaul, 3-11 Compression ratio, 1-6 Configuration map, 4-4 Configurator, 4-1
F
Fault and Performance, 4-1 Fax performance, 3-8 Fax relay, 3-8 Fax Relay, 1-6
I
I-Gate 4000 EDGE Applications, 1-11 Architecture, 1-8 Features, 1-8 interoperability, 1-9 Media Gateway, 1-5 Service performance, 1-5 Traffic handling, 3-1 I-Gate 4000 EDGE Applications, 1-13 Interoperability, 1-9, 3-13
J
Jitter buffer, 3-5 Jitter Buffer algorithm, 1-7
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Index
M
Management, 4-1 Media gateway, 1-4 Modem support, 3-8 MOS, 1-5 Multibearer and Multipoint Configuration, 1-20
N
New generation switching infrastructure network, 1-13 New Generation Tandem Network, 1-14 New Voice Infrastructure, 1-3, 1-11 Nex-Gen Cellular Network, 1-16 NGN, 1-3 NGN solutions, 1-11
Signal Classification, 1-6 Signaling compression, 1-7 Signaling layer, 1-3 Silence suppression, 3-4 Silence Suppression, 1-6 Single Route Application, 1-19 Smart Packet priority selection, 3-12 Smart Packet Priority Selection, 1-7 Softswitch controlled applications, 1-12 SS7 Signaling, 1-7 Static Trunking, 1-11, 1-17 Static Trunking over TDM Bearer, 1-12 System delay, 1-7, 3-9
T
TDM, 1-4 TDM Bearer Links, 1-9 TDM bearer redundancy, 3-12 TDM-to-VoIP Tandem Switch Replacement, 1-13 Technical Specifications, 1-6, 5-1 Three-Layer Switch Model, 1-4 Three-layered switch model, 1-3 Toll Quality Voice, 1-5, 3-3 Traffic handling, 3-1 Transparency, 3-2
O
Openness, 3-13
P
Packet aggregation, 3-9 Packet Aggregation, 1-6 Packet loss concealment, 3-6 Packet Loss Concealment, 1-7 Packet priority selection, 3-12 Packet Priority Selection, 1-7 Payload shaping, 3-9 Point to Multipoint Configuration, 1-19 Point-to-point configuration, 1-18 PRI signaling, 1-7 PSTN, 1-3
V
VerazView, 4-1 Features, 4-1 Voice Activity Detection, 3-5 Voice band data support, 3-8 Voice over IP, 1-3 VoIP, 1-3
Q
QoS protection control, 3-12 QoS Protection Control, 1-7
X
xMS Alarm handling, 4-3 Configurator, 4-4 Current Alarms view, 4-4 Event management, 4-3 Fault and Performance Manager, 4-3 History Browser, 4-4 MIB, 4-4 Runtime configuration, 4-2
R
Router Load Balancing, 3-10
S
Service quality, 3-13 Signal classification, 3-7
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