Table of Contents
3.11 International Business Incentives8 3.12 The action Plan9.. 3.13 Continuous Improvement.9
International Business
Plan part 1
Ki-O-Rahi is a traditional pre-European Maori ball game. A Ki-O-Rahi set consists of 1x Te Tupu (a drum), 7 Nga Pou (Field posts) and a Ki (Ball). Both the drum and field posts have PVC protective skirting with handles for easy transport. The ball or Ki is a traditional flax ball.
Ki-O-Rahi sets can come in any desired colour and can be purchased with or without writing. We suggest the sets are printed with the likes or the owner, team or schools name on them.
Each Ki-O-Rahi set will be approximately 5kgs at and estimated boxed size of 100cm by 70cm. Each set will be packaged in PVC carry bag and then inside of a cardboard box for shipping.
Ki-O-Rahi sets will retail at $599.99 NZD without printing, and with printing $650.00. We estimate shipping per unit would cost approximately $81.00 per unit via Air.
year. They performed both the Haka and a demonstration of traditional Maori game Ki-o-rahi.
Kia-o-rahi co. have taken advantage of this educational opportunity and will export directly to the Spanish educational government ministry. Schooling in Spain is entirely free and Government run through from nursery school until University level schooling. Ki-o-rahi co. wish to supply the government with Ki-o-rahi sets for all public primary and secondary schools. Currently there are approximately 100 state owned schools in Spain.
Estimated Start up costs are $10,00 for the initial manufacturing of Ki-O-Rahi sets.
There is only one level of potential competitors for Ki-o-rahi Co.; Those New Zealand companies that export internationally to European Countries including Spain. There is
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only one company who is currently exporting Kia-o-rahi sets overseas: Powa-rugby. However, Powa-rugby does not export directly to Spain and instead offers and online ordering of the product to any country that wish to purchase the product online. There are currently no producers of Ki-o-rahi sets in Spain or internationally exporting to Spain.
Ki-O-Rahi Co. will produce and manufacture their Kia-o-rahi sets in New Zealand for export to Italy. Although manufacturing PVC based products in New Zealand is not significantly at a lower cost than any other Country, the production of the flax ball in New Zealand offers elements of both absolute and comparative advantage than producing it in any other country (Hills, 2008). Harekeke/ or flax is native to New Zealand and does not grow any where else in the world. When dried out it can be woven into many tight holding shapes and thus can be used to produce a ball for a KiO-rahi set. Traditional sets in New Zealand were produced too, with a flax ball. New
Zealand is surrounded by water, which means there are plenty of possible manufacturing locations which are close to ports for shipping internationally. Pg3
Spain or the Kingdom of Spain is located in Southwestern Europe, bordering on the Bay of Biscay, the Mediterranean Sea, the North Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees Mountains. (Go Spain, 2011)
Spain has a population of 46,030,052 people. Spains Capital city is Madrid and other major cities are Barcelona, Valencia and Seville. (Go Spain, 2011)
Spains currency is measured in Euros and currently 1 New Zealand dollar is equal to 0.578 Euros. (Go Spain, 2011)
Spain has an extensive railway system that runs centrally from Madrid. Spain also has a highly developed highway system. Spain currently has 49 international and commercial airports, 2 of which are privately owned. (Go Spain, 2011) Pg4
Spains main ports are located in Algeciras, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, Huelva, Tarragona and Valencia. (Go Spain, 2011)
Spains Climate is temperate. It is described to have clear, hot summers in interior and more moderate and cloudy along coast. Spain has cloudy, cold winters in interior and partly cloudy and cool along coast. The terrain in Spain is a large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills. (Go Spain, 2011) The Pyrenees are in the north of Spain. Spain is very costal surrounded by both Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, making water vessel transportation significantly easy. Spains highly developed highway system and railroad system also allows for easy transportation to the countries main centres which are all somewhat linked via both transportation systems. (Go Spain, 2011)
Spains main natural resources are coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower and arable land (used for growing crops). Spanish agriculture products are grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products and fish. (Go Spain, 2011)
The Major industries in Spain are textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, and medical equipment. (Go Spain, 2011)
Spains Major export commodities are machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines and other consumer goods. The countries major export
partners are France (18.8%), Germany (10.8%), and Portugal (8.6%) Italy (8.5%), UK (7.6%) and the US (4.2%).(Go Spain, 2011)
Spains major import partners are Germany (15.7%), France (12.7%), Italy (8.4%), China (5.8%), UK (4.8%), and the Netherlands (4.6%). Spain imports largely the following commodities: machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semi-finished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods and measuring and medical control instruments. (Go Spain, 2011)
As Ki-o-rahi sets are currently a completely new market for exporting to Spain, Spanish current importing and exporting statistics are not concerning to the opportunity Ki-o-rahi co. has. However, the fact that New Zealand is not a major importing partner may impact the ability for Ki-o-rahi co. to export its product too Spain as there may be trade barriers that surround the low rate of exports from New Zealand into Spain. It is also concerning that education and sporting are not a major industry in Spain and may impact the amount of units Ki-o-rahi co. exports depending on the overall demand within schools.
The Spanish government is a Democracy with a constitutional Monarchy. The Cortes Generales consists of two chambers, the Congress of Deputies and the Senate. Since 2004, Jos Luis Rodrguez Zapatero of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party has been Prime Minister of Spain, with the title President of the Government. Elections are free and fair. The judiciary is independent. Juan Carlos I, is the reigning King of Spain, he views his role in government administrative and for the government to take the initiative without the need for it to involve the king unnecessarily in its decisions, therefore the King has little involvement in the presiding of the cabinet. (Go Spain, 2011)
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Spain and the Euro has been impacted hugely by the global financial crisis. However, economic growth is projected to strengthen gradually diminishes. As growth picks up, the unemployment rate will fall slowly to around 19% byend-2012. Consumer price inflation will tend to fall, once the effect of rising energy and food prices and the increase in the VAT rates drop out. (Eurochallenge, 2011) The fiscal deficit is projected to decline from 9.2% of GDP in 2010 to 6.3% in 2011 and to 4.4%in 2012, mostly reflecting measures to lower spending. Current GDP (PPP) is $1.4 Trillion, the unemployment rate is 180: and Inflation CPI is -3.0%. Total government spending is currently at 30& of the GDP (PPP).
Although the economy is fragile at present, predictions of future economic growth in Spain is attractive in terms of future foreign investment and look promising for the exporting of Ki-O-Rahi sets from New Zealand to Spain.
However, Spain is a very equalitarian society, the birth rate is the one of the lowest in Europe, and women are present at university and work. Spain is considered similar to most western countries, much like New Zealand. The fact that majority of school age students from 6 to 16 stay in school is promising for Ki-O-Rahi Co. as that is our target market in terms of who the Ministry of Education would provide too.
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very established. Spain has an extensive railway system that runs centrally from Madrid. Spain also has a highly developed highway system. Spain currently has 49 international and commercial airports, 2 of which are privately owned. (Go Spain, 2011). Utilities such as phone and water are also well established, with most dwellings having access to both. (Go Spain, 2011) The significantly developed infrastructure in terms of transport is extremely beneficial for Ki-O-Rahi Co. in terms of movement of our product around Spain itself. Easy access around the country means reduced distribution costs.
3.8 Legal
Spain has a civil law system, based on very detailed set of laws organised into codes (Hill, 2008). The Spanish legal system has a reputation for being slow and inefficient. (Spanish Property Company, 1980)
Spain is a member of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property and of the Convention reached by the World Intellectual Property Organization Specifically, as far as patents are concerned, Spain has signed the Munich Convention on the Grant of European Patents, the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), and the Agreement between the European Patent Office, the Spanish Patent and Trade Mark Office and the Swedish Patent and Registration Office concerning cooperation in matters of international searches. In the specific issue of trade marks, it is a member of the Madrid Agreement and its Protocol. (Spain Business, 2011)
Although Spanish law does protect property and patent law, the slow inefficient reputation of the court system could be potentially problematic in the event there was Pg7
a patent or copyright of Ki-O-Rahi co. product. However, this is not the case as the game and product are not original ideas of the company and will not be patented. (Spain Business, 2011)
3.9 Environmental
Spains environment is problematic; Air pollution is also a problem in Spain. In 1995 industrial carbon dioxide emissions totaled 223.2 million metric tons (a per capita level of 5.72 metric tons), ranking Spain 20th compared to the other nations of the world. Industrial and agricultural sources contribute to the nation's water pollution problem. Spain is also vulnerable to oil pollution from tankers which travel the shipping routes near the nation's shores. Spain's cities produce about 13.8 million tons of solid waste per year. Spains extensive forests are now limited in the Pyrenees due to unplanned cutting. (Go Spain, 2011) Spain signed the Kyoto protocol in April 1998 with the intention of ratification by May 2002. Spain is not as clean and green as New Zealand is considered, however considering Spain is moving toward a greener and this means morally we are comfortable trading with a country that is moving toward environmental friendliness. (Go Spain, 2011)
Spain is a relatively free country in terms business freedom and Trade Freedom. Spain has a EU weighted average tariff of 1.2% and in terms of Ki-O-Rahi sets as a product a Tariff is the only formal restriction for exporting.
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As a general rule business hours in Spain commence from 9am-2pm and then again from 5pm-8pm with the afternoon siesta occurring in-between. Business days are a standard Monday till Friday with some trade occurring on weekend days.
When doing business in Spain handshakes are standard as with the rest of Europe. First-time introductions will be formal; as business relationships conversations become less formal and more natural. Communication in Spain is on a need to know basis , defined by a network of relationships. Communication is predominantly oral, and the written medium and modern use of email is forgone.
Lunch is considered the main meal of the day, therefore business discussions and deals are often conducted over lunches. Spain does not have a meetings culture, traditionally when meetings do occur they consist of the boss or manager directing his/her subordinates. Agendas are rarely used in Spanish meetings as they are seen to be stifling creativity and free expression. Teams in a workplace also rarely exist.
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The Typical business and family relationship in Spain make act as an informal trade barrier, however as Ki-O-Rahi Co. Are exporting to the Government instead of to locally owned businesses this should not be an issue.
Spain is regarded a relatively clean country in terms of corruption, with Transparency international giving it a rating of 6.1 for its 2010 corruption perception. New Zealand scored a 9.3, which is very clean. Ethically speaking, Spain isnt corrupt so business proceedings would continue as desired.
Spain is a country that respects its citizens rights and has therefore had few problems with human rights issues. Spain at present has a minimum wage rate of 641.40 per month paid 14 times per year, which is low in comparison to New Zealands minimum wage of $13.00 per hour (7.23 per hour) but reduces the possibility for unethical working environments such as sweat shops.
Spain is an ethically sound country and therefore trade would be more than welcome.
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To establish a Kia-o-rahi set Manufacturing facility based in New Zealand within 12 months and to secure exports of 200 units and 100% market share in all state owned schools in Spain. (Hill, 2008)
Exporting is a low risk entry mode. An advantage of exporting is the ability to realise location and also experience curve economies.
Exporting has high transport costs, involves trade barriers including exporting tariffs and problems can with local marketing agents. Local competition is also a disadvantage.
Exporting is an appropriate mode of entry for Ki-O-Rahi Co. As is it a low risk mode of entry. Ki-O-Rahi co. Also has no potential local competitors in Spain and therefore the other barriers are small but insignificant.
Turnkey Projects
A turnkey problem is a project in which a firm agrees to set up an operating plant for a foreign client. In completion of the set up the client is handed over key to the plant that is ready for full-operation. (Hill, 2008)
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Advantages of a Turnkey is lower risk if there is instability in the economy, Government restrictions can be avoided, and the assemble know-how is passed on to another party (Hill, 2008).
Turnkeys are only valid for large expensive projects and can create competitors. This would not be suitable for the low-key inexpensive production of Ki-o-Rahi sets. Production also is limited to New Zealand as the comparative and absolute advantage lies with New Zealand due to production of Flax Balls.
Licensing Agreement
An agreement whereby a licensor grants the rights to intangible property to another entity for a specified period. The licensor receives a royalty fee in return. (Hills, 2008) Licensing means that there are no investment risks, or political/economic problems (Hills, 2008)
Disadvantages of licensing are loss of control over manufacturing/marketing, limited international strategy against ccompetition and loss of technological know-how (Hills, 2008).
Ki-O-Rahi Co. Plans to directly import its products to Spain. More specifically: directly exporting from New Zealand to the Spanish governments Ministry of Education for distribution to state owned primary and secondary schools. There are currently approximately 1000 state owned schools in Spain. Pg11
As there are no local Spanish distributors or manufacturers of Ki-O-Rahi sets in Spain or exporting directly to Spain, a strategic alliance is not needed to be established.
Strategic Objectives Distribute to 80% of State owned schools in Spain within 2years. Establish a developed business strategy.
Entry Mode Exporting is Ki-O-Rahi Companies chosen mode of entry into the Spanish Market. Exporting provides Ki-O-rahi co. with the ultimate benefit of low risk entry. The disadvantages of Exporting including Tariffs and distribution cost are relatively insignificant when weighted against the benefit of low risk.
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6.3 Centralisation
Centralisation will exist for core competencies, this will mean strategy, investment and R&D decisions will be managerial based (Hill, 2008). Initially all decisions will be Centralised, but as growth occurs, operating decisions will become decentralised. Operating decisions include such things as marketing decisions, production and manufacturing decisions will be that of the lower levels, based in the international areas. (Hill, 2008).
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As Competition arises, Market strategies and organizational structure may move to a more complex form.
Spain Area
Headquarters
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All areas of the value chain will exist in New Zealand. This is because Ki-O-Rahi co. is exporting to the Spanish government and therefore any kind of negotiation that may have existed in Spain such as marketing and sales and customer service, only exists between the two parties and therefore is not necessary. If the product were to be on sold and therefore sold in a retail store in Spain the value chain would be different.
Production
Customer Service
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
Organisational Structure Ki-O-Rahi co will use a international Strategy for the export of their product. The organisations structure will based on a worldwide area structure and will integrate both centralised and decentralised forms of decision making.
Integrating and Controlling systems International Strategies adopted by Ki-O-Rahi Co. mean both integration mechanisms and control systems are not needed. The strategy provides a very simple structure being coordination is not needed.
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References
Hill.C, Cronk T, Wickramasekera, R. 2008, Global business Today and Asia Pacific Perspective. 1st Edition. North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd Spain Business. (2011) International Property Laws. Retrieved from: http://www.spainbusiness.com/icex/cda/controller/pageGen/0,3346,1549487_156183 1_1598687_0,00.html
Spanish Property Company. (1980). Spanish legal system. Retrieved from: http://www.spanishpropertyco.com/Spanish%20legal%20system.html