Design and Analysis of Experiments

3-4 An experiment was conducted to determine whether four specific firing temperatures affect the
density of a certain type of brick. The experiment produced the following data:

Temperatur
e Density
100 21.8 21.9 21.7 21.6 21.7
125 21.7 21.4 21.5 21.4
150 21.9 21.8 21.8 21.6 21.5
175 21.9 21.7 21.8 21.4

a) Does firing temperature affect brick density? Use alpha = 0.05

ANOVA
Degrees of Mean Statisticia
Sum of Squares Fc
Source of freedom squares n Fo
variation 3.34388
0.156111111 3 0.052037 2.023663 9
Error 0.36 14 0.025714
Total 0.516111111 17

H0: Ti = T2=...=Ta = 0

H1: Ti ≠ 0 for at least one i.

Since fc < fo H1 is rejected, therefore there is no significant difference between the means and it can be
concluded that the firing temperature does not affect the density of the bricks.

b) Is it appropriate to compare means using Duncan's rank test in this experiment?

yi./n
21.74 Syi = 0.08017837 0.24294947 Y1-y2 = 0.24<0.2429
21.5
r0.05(2,14) = 3.03 0.25496722 Y1-y4 = 0.04<0.2621
21.72
21.7 r0.05(3,14) = 3.18 0.26218328 Y1-y3 = 0.02<0.2529
21.5 y2
r0.05(4,14) = 3.27 Y3-y2 = 0.21<0.2429
21.7 y4
21.72 y3 Y3-y4 = 0.02<0.2621
21.74 y1
Y4-y2 = 0.2 < 0.2429

The analysis shows that there is no significant difference between all means.
 c) Analyze the residuals of this experiment. Are the assumptions of the analysis of variance
satisfied?

0.06 0.16 -0.04 -0.14 -0.04 0.027778

0.2 -0.1 0 -0.1 -21.5 0.083333
0.18 0.08 0.08 -0.12 -0.22 0.138889
0.2 0 0.1 -0.3 -21.7 0.194444

Chart Title
0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Has a normal behavior

3-6. a television manufacturer is interested in the effect of four different types of color kinescope
coatings on the conductivity of a kinescope. The following conductivity data are obtained.
 Type of coating Conductivity
1 143 141 150 146
2 152 149 137 143
3 134 136 132 127
4 129 127 132 129

a) Is there any difference in conductivity due to the type of coating? Use alpha of 0.05

ANOVA
Degrees
Fisher
Source of Sum of of Mean
Statisticia Fc
variation squares freedo squares
n
m
14.30158 3.49029
Treatments 844.6875 3 281.5625 7 5
Error 236.25 12 19.6875
1080.937
Total 5 15

H0: Ti = T2 = ...Ta = 0 Does not produce variation

H1: Ti ≠ 0 For at least one i, if it produces variation.

F0>Fc

We reject H0. At 95%.

There is sufficient statistical evidence to affirm that the type of coating does produce variation in
conductivity.

b) Estimate the overall mean and treatment effects.

Overall average = 2207/16 = 137.9375

T1 = 145 - 137.9875 = 7.0625

T2 = 145.25 - 137.9875 = 7.3125

T3 = 132.25 - 137.9875 = -5.6875

T4 = 129.25 - 137.9875 = -8.6875

c) Test all pairs of means using Fisher's LSD method with alpha=0.05.

LSD = t , N-a √2MSE/ n

t0.025 , 12 √2(19.6875)/4

2.178812(√2(19.6875)/4)

LSD = 6.8359
Y1. - y2. = -.25 <LSD =

Y1. - y3. = 12.75 > LSD different

Y1. - y4. = 15.75 > LSD differe

Y2. - y3. = 13 > LSD difere

Y2. - y4. = 16 > LSD difere

Y3. - y4. = 3 < LSD =

Coatings 1 and 2, 3 and 4 do not differ significantly.

The coating between 1 and 2 produces higher conductivity than coatings 3 and 4.

f) Assuming that the type 4 coating is the one currently in use, what would be recommended to the
manufacturer? Conductivity is to be minimized.

Due to Fisher's LSD analysis, it is concluded that the conductivity is lower between coatings 3 and 4.

The manufacturer may use either of these two coatings.

Because you use 4 you can stick with it as you would have no significant change with no change at all
and still have the lowest conductivity.