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EXECUTIVE SUMMERY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 1.1 1.2 1.3 INTRODUCTION: OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND OF INDIAN FISH INDUSTRY 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 2.1.8 2.1.9 2.1.10 2.1.11 2.1.12 2.1.13 2.1.14 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.6 2.6.1 2.6.2 2.7 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.8 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.8.4 Fishery Sector - Indian Scenario Total fish production in India Fish production from marine and inland sectors in India Gross domestic product of agriculture and fisheries sectors in India Percentage share of fisheries to agricultural sector in India Capital formation and output of Indian fisheries sector State wise available water-bodies in India for fish production Statewise marine fish resources in India Fish seed stocks (fry) production in India State wise fish production in India Global and Indian fish exports Share of Indian fish exports in world trade Growth in fisheries export and integration with international trade Fisheries contribution at a glance Marine Fisheries sector Mariculture Shrimp Farming Availability of quality feed New Emerging export product / markets for fish/fish products Development of Tuna for sashimi market Ready to eat/ready to serve value added products Demand for fish / fishery products Projected fish demands in India by Year 2010-11 Projected sector-wise fish supply in India by year 2010-11 The Government of India programs for fisheries development On-going Fisheries Schemes of the central/state Governments Other organizations working in the sector World fisheries scenario Captive production of species Projected production Marine food products-World trade Indian status in global fisheries .18 ....18 ....18 ....19 ....19 ....20 ....21 ....22 ....23 ....24 ....25 ....26 ....26 ....27 ....27 ....28 ....28 ....28 ....29 ....29 ....29 ....29 ....30 ....30 ....32 ....32 ....36 ....36 ....36 ....38 ....39 ....39 .14 .15 .16 ..... 6

CHAPTER 3 : PROBLEMS, CONSTRAINTS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR FISH PRODUCTION / PROCESSING SECTOR IN INDIA. 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 Problems and constraints Required reforms / changes in the sector Food Quality And Safety Requirements Processing of Fish waste products Harvest and post harvest infrastructure Marketing of fish/ fish products Processing of fish/fish products Utilization of fish Catches Major Conclusions Suitable strategies for improvement and development Major promising areas for fisheries development Value addition for fish/fish products CHAPTER 4 : MARKETING STRUCTURE AND STATUS OF INDUSTRY 4.1 4.2 4.3. Status of the fish processing/export industry Market structure Export trends CHAPTER - 5 FIELD SURVEY REPORT 5.1 5.2 5.3 Coverage: Field Study ---55 Questionnaire No.1. : ---55 Assessing Availability of Raw Material and Potential for Strengthing of Backward Likage for Fish Processors: Questionnaire No.2: ---56 Assessing The Present Status of Fish Processing Industry, Level of Value Addition, Utilisation of Installed Capacities, Quality Issues and Constraints Faced By The Industry Questionnaire No.3 : ---58 Associations of Fish Producers/Processors Questionnaire No. 4: For Institutional Research and Training Work ---59 Questionnaire No. 5: .60 Development Programmes Of State Fisheries Departments And Corporations Questionnaire No. 6 ---64 Market Assesment / Forward Linkage .....52 .....53 .....54 .....40 .....43 .....45 .....45 .....46 .....46 .....47 .....48 .....48 .....49 .....50 .....51

5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

CHAPTER 6 NFPDB- SWOT ANALYSIS AND KEY FACTORS FOR SUCCESS OF THE BOARD AND ENIVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES 6.1.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.2 6.3 Swot Analysis Strengths: Weaknesses : Opportunities : Threats : Key Factors for the Success of the Project: Environmental and Social Issues CHAPTER 7 : ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL FISH PROCESSING DEVELOPMENT BOARD (NFPDB) 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.5 7.6 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.10.1 7.10.2 7.11 7.12 7.13 Background and necessity for establishing a new board for fish meat/ processed fish products sector Scope and activities of the NFPDB Objectives and functions of the NFPDB Proposed development programs for the NFPDB Monitoring and Evaluation of the NFPDB schemes Suggested programs for the NFPDB Major missions and goals of the NFPDB Location of the NFPDB Head Office Regional offices Registration of the NFPDB Constitution of the NFPDB Organization structure and management of the NFPDB Capital investment and sources of income and revenue for the NFPDB Capital investment Sources Of Revenue For the NFPDB Specific action plan for the MOFPI (Nodal Agency) to set up the NFPDB Short and long term action plan for the NFPDB Physical program of items to be taken up on priority for 1 year and for 5 years by the NFPDB CHAPTER 8 : FINANCIAL OUTLAY FOR SETTING UP THE NFPDB 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.3 Evaluation parameters for financial viability .....87 Capital cost, recurring costs and means of finance to set up the NFPDB .....87 Establishment of offices .....88 Preliminary and pre-operative costs .....91 Recurring costs .....92 Income/revenue .....95 3 .....69 .....69 .....70 .....73 .....73 .....73 .....76 .....77 .....77 .....77 .....78 .....78 .....79 .....80 .....80 .....80 .....81 .....82 .....85 .65 .65 .65 .66 .67 .67

CHAPTER 9 RECOMMENDATIONS 9.1 9.1.1 9.1.2 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 9.3.5 Development of Fish Production/Processed Fishery Products Industry for Domestic Retail/International Markets ----99 Production of fish: ---100 Fishery product processing zones: ---101 Marketing of Fishery Products ----101 Market Surveillance 101 Facilities for Domestic Marketing Eat fish for health awareness programme ----101 Processed Fishery products Promotion ----101 Market Access Program (MAP) --- 101

LIST OF FIGURES Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total fish production in India Fish production from marine and inland sectors in India Gross domestic product of agriculture and fisheries sectors in India Percentage share of fisheries to agricultural sector in India Global and Indian fish exports Share of Indian fish exports in world trade India : Marine and inland fish production (1950-2008) Projected fish demands in India by Year 2010-11 Projected sector-wise fish supply in India by year 2010-11 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Financial Viability: The year wise projected income Capital formation and output of Indian fisheries sector Inland Water Resources of India Area of water bodies and percentage of major states Marine Fisheries Resources of India Fish Seed Production State-wise Fish Production during the period 2002-03 to 2007-08 Fish products and percentage in major states Export & production during VIII, IX & X five year plan Contribution of fisheries sector. Projected sector wise fish supply in India (2011-12) Product of various species (1999-2005) Sectorwise projected production. Export of marine products Coverage: Field Study Member of the NFPDB Total non-recurring and recurring cost and grant required for the NFPDB Sources of funds for the NFPDB 4

Table 17

Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Office Establishments Projected expenses on Office Establishment, details Preliminary and pre-operative costs Capital costs - Summery Proposed remunerations Projected strength and salary of head office divisions Manpower and remuneration of sixth regional offices Total salary, yearly increment, welfare and administrative expenses Recurring administrative expenses of the board Revenue generation and estimation Self sufficiency/sustainability

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY
BACKGROUND: Fish production plays an important role in the socio- economic life of India. It is a rich source of protein and high quality food. It is also an important source for income and employment to millions of rural farmers, particularly women. With a large human population in India and over 250 million economically strong potential consumers of food and those who have an adequate purchasing power, the domestic demand for the fish and processed fish food is increasing very rapidly. Marine products have created a huge demand in the world market. With the high unit value, seafood has been acclaimed as one of the fastest moving commodity in the world market. The world market for seafood has doubled within the last decade reaching US $49.32 billion. India's share is only 2.4% at present, it is mainly dependant on shrimp as a product. However, the situation is changing due to the increased attention/ demand for other fishery resources like squid, cuttlefish, fin fish, etc. and is being exported to the markets of Western Europe and South East Asia. Globally, fish production from capture fisheries and aquaculture was over 130 million tons in year 2000 as compared to nearly 20 million tons in 1950. Indian share in global production has reached 4.36% per cent with 9.92% share in inland and 2.8% in marine. For inland sector India is ranked second after China. Other major producer countries are China, Japan, the United States, the Russian Federation and Indonesia. There is a steady increase in the exports indicating a positive trend. Demand for fish and fishery products is increasing considerably, both at domestic and export fronts. The projected demand for fish in the country by 2012 is 9.74 million tonne, that can be met by the projected supply of fish is 9.60 million tonne by 2012 with major share of 5.34 million tonne from inland aquaculture followed by 3.10 million tonne from marine fisheries. Presently, fisheries of the island systems, Andamans and Lakshadweep, as well as the deep sea resources, including the tunas, are highly underexploited. To encourage the fish producers, processors, exporters, etc., the Government of India, Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI) has desired to constitute and set up a national board called the National Fish Processing Development Board (NFPDB).

CONSTRAINTS OF SECTOR: For all round development of fisheries sector, it is necessary to: implement the code of conduct for responsible fisheries; utilize strong traditional wisdom and know-how by active community participation; address gender issues; strengthen the capacities of fishers and aqua-farmers regarding latest technological practices, administrative skills, disaster management, etc.; intensify efforts for treating aquaculture at par with agriculture; explore areas of public-private partnerships; strengthen the institutional credit support and public investments; harmonise fisheries policies in concurrence with the recent developments both at national and international levels; and strengthening the inter and intra linkages between fisheries sector and other concerned line departments. Other concerns and issues are water availability and allocation, biodiversity loss & depletion of fish stocks, excess coastal fishing, enhancing fish productivity, oceanic and deep sea fisheries, impact of climate change on fisheries, trans-boundary fisheries issues, inland & coastal pollution, large-scale sedimentation of rivers, estuaries & lakes, effective compliance of code of conduct of responsible fisheries, ever- increasing input costs of water and power, high marine fishing costs & low profitability, mechanization in fisheries and aquaculture, cold chain and hygienic fish handling, quality assurance issues in production , processing and exports, overseas market fluctuations, disaster management, availability of bank credit and insurance, inadequate database and poor linkage in domestic marketing. High perishability of fish coupled with poor post-harvest handling has lead to high losses, even to the extent of 15%, in both marine and inland fisheries. Therefore, strengthening of post-harvest infrastructure in form of better fish landing and handling facilities, cold chains, storage facilities, ice plants, transportation, etc., as well as effective marketing system in identified areas is a key requirement for the development of this sector. REQUIRED REFORMS/ CHANGES IN THE SECTOR: The above mentioned constraints have to be removed for achieving all round development of the fish processing Industry. The required reforms and changes discussed in detail in chapter No.3 Required infrastructure facilities have to be created to resolve the above mentioned problems. The existing fish producing/ processing houses have to be modernized. Infrastructure for fish markets for trading of fish/ fish products has to be created. A massive effort is required to provide financial incentives and bank loans for establishing fish production and fish meat 7

processing plants and for utilization of waste materials for processing to produce by products like processed dried fish meal with value addition which can be used as a protein supplement in poultry feeds. Fish markets should be developed in major cities having a high quantum of sale of fish/ fish products. These markets need to be modernize. The trend seen in other food items that in India, consumer preference is increasing for clean, safe, hygienic nutritious and properly packed, labeled and presentable food items. Moreover, with the liberalization of international trade and tariff under WTO agreement , the domestic products will have to face serious competition from the imported products .Locally produced fish/fish products will have to fall in line and producers and marketing agencies will have to improve their products. Presently the utilization of the installed capacity in the fish processing factories is only 25% (based on annual working days of 300 days in 2 shifts). If the existing utilized capacity can be increased to 40% by way of import of raw material for re-export, it is estimated that India may require an additional annual installed capacity of 7.68 lakh tons by the end of XI Plan. Import, processing and re-export of fish will also ensure better capacity utilization. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL FISH PROCESSING DEVELOPMENT BOARD (NFPDB): Fish processing in India is done almost entirely for export. Open sun dried fish and fish meal are the only major exceptions. At present India has freezing units, - cold stores, - ice plants, canning units and fish meal plants. Capacity of most of these processing and storage units is very low when compared to the facilities in fish processing industry in technologically advanced countries. The total fish processing and storage facility in India is grossly inadequate compared to the potential for fish production and processing. Barely five per cent of Indias seafood exports are in processed form. Most exports are in the form of frozen fish. Also, the Indian brand does not exist in markets of advanced countries. In fact, more than 60 per cent of Indias exports to south-east Asia are reexported after processing. In view of the above facts and the vast potential for fish processing industry to cater to the domestic market and supplement the existing export of processed sea food, it is necessary to constitute a National Fish Processing Development Board (NFPDB). NFPDB will be an autonomous development agency promoted by the Government of India under the MOFPI. New Delhi. The NFPDB will work as a facilitator to ensure the smooth and orderly 8

development of the Indian fish meat / processed fish products sector. OBJECTIVES : The proposed board will be a dynamic, progressive, financially viable and development oriented agency promoted by Ministry of Food Processing Industries. The board is intended to work as a facilitator to ensure smooth and orderly development of the Sector of the Industry in the country for taking comprehensive measures for quality and value added fish/ processed fish products for domestic and export market. It will focus on Research & Development, Extension, Quality up gradation, market research and information, domestic and export market for fish/ processed fish products. It will provide industry linked services including quality testing and certification, consultancy and support to the start up companies in the area of fish/ fish products processing. To facilitate capacity building programmes to develop trained and skilled manpower required for the industry. Promote, and establish the linkages between the R & D Institutions/ laboratories and Industry with specific emphasis on experimental or theoretical research findings that have the potential for the fish processing industry to improve process efficiency, enhance product quality and, extend shelf-life of fresh and processed fish products. Promote safe & hygienic production of fish processed products at par with international standards. Promote and train producers, manufacturers, entrepreneurs to adopt Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (HACCP) in production. Regulate the production of fish and processed fish products in the country and promote single window service to producers, manufacturers and exporters of fish and processed fish products.

PROPOSED FUNCTIONS OF NFPDB: It is envisaged that the NFPDB will have following functions: Promote, establish, manage Modern fish meat/ fish products Processing Plants for fish meat/ processed fish products production in India in furtherance of Governments policy to promote exports & domestic sale of fish meat/ processed fish products with specific emphasis to improve the sanitary & hygienic conditions for their production. 9

Initiate, facilitate rearing/ production of highly productive fishes emphasizing backward linkages for fish meat/ processed fish products production. Promote, establish, manage fish markets, to promote domestic sale of fish Meat/ processed fish products. Promote safe & hygienic production of fish meat & processed fish products at par with the international standards including sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) requirements, transparency in the international and national standards, and global trade without any discrimination. Promote fish/ aqua-culture synchronization with OIE guidelines. health requirements in

Regulate the production of fish meat and processed fish products in the country and promote a single window service to producers, manufacturers and exporters of fish meat and processed fish products. Promote and train fish meat producers, manufacturers, entrepreneurs to adopt Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (HACCP), ISO-9001:2000 in fish meat/ processed fish products production. Create facilities to utilize the waste material from fish markets/ processing houses to prepare fish byproducts with value addition. To work as a dynamic, progressive and financially viable nodal and autonomous development agency promoted by the MOFPI, Government of India for the development of fish meat/ processed fish products sector. To work as a facilitator to ensure smooth and orderly development of the fish meat/ processed fish products industry in the country for taking comprehensive measures leading to quality production of fish meat/ processed fish products and value added products for the domestic and export market. To ensure, as and when required, the necessary participation of government agencies and R & D institutions, Agricultural Universities, fish meat/ fish product producers, exporters and other entrepreneurs. To undertake national level planning and policy measures for the development of the fish meat/ processed fish products industry To help the existing research organizations to carry out required applied research in production of fish meat/ processed fish products and help in processing and marketing of fish meat/ processed fish products for the overall benefit of fish meat/ processed fish products industry of India. 10

To promote the co-operative efforts among the fish growers, and processors of fish meat/ processed fish products and encourage contract farming and buy-back arrangements. To undertake research and development work with the assistance of the existing institutions on the new technology for production of highly productive fish/aua-culture for fish meat production and for modernization of process technologies for fish meat/ processed fish products. To conduct training programs with the help of existing and new training institutions for the development of skilled personnel for production, processing and export of fish meat/ processed fish products. To help the producers, processors and exporters to achieve the desired quality standards for fish meat/ processed fish products and fish byproducts. To assist the fish meat/ processed fish products industry to develop appropriate extension/ education programs for farmerproducers, meat processors and meat consumers in the country. To establish Universities, departments, private sector co-ordination and liaison with the Agricultural R&D institutes, central and state government other relevant institutes, development boards, industry etc.

To suggest suitable changes/ modifications in existing policies and other regulations for taxation/excise on fish meat/ processed fish products and fish by -products and take suitable measures to implement the policies. To suggest suitable measures for collection of required statistical/market data on fish meat production, processing, domestic and international markets and prices and establish Market Intelligence Service for the stakeholders in the fish meat / processed fish products industry. To assist exporters to develop export of fish meat/ processed fish products and fish byproducts and if necessary carry out domestic and international market surveys to seek the potentials available in new markets for fish meat / processed fish products. CONSTITUTION AND LOCATION OF BOARD:

The Board may be set up as a Society under Society Registration Act, 1860.

The board will be constituted with the collaboration of Union and State Governments, fish producers, processors, exporters, 11

marketing agencies, associations and other related stake holders who would participate in developing and implementing the programmes for fish processing sector. NFPDB will have close liaison with fish product processing and Exporting companies. These companies have their head offices located at Mumbai. Similarly Mumbai is the major international airport and sea port in India from where exports are done. Therefore it is proposed that head office of NFPDB may be located in Mumbai and six regional offices are proposed to cover the following regions: Northern region Central region Southern region Western region Eastern Region
North Eastern region .

FINANCIAL VIABILITY: The NFPDB will require funds for the following:

SOURCES OF INCOME/REVENUE GENERATION IS AS UNDER: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Advice / consultancy to companies taking turn-key jobs for fish /fish products plants. Market intelligence and data services. Training to fisher folk and industrialists. Publications of magazines and newsletters. Conducting business and technical seminars. Holding study tours. Buyer seller meetings. Tie ups with industries and fisherman and bankers. 12

9) 10)

Income from quality control lab. Misc. other income.

ESTIMATED INCOME: The year wise projected income from above sources is as follows: Year Income in Lakh 3rd year 81.94 4th year 120.89 5th year 159.12 6th year 544.27 7th year 611.97 8th year 679.67 9th year 759.87 10th year 830.27

Conclusion: Based on the analysis the board is self sustainable and financially viable on a long term basis.

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY


1.1 INTRODUCTION: Fisheries is a sunrise sector in Indian agriculture, with high potentials for diversification of farming practices, rural and livelihood development, domestic nutritional security, employment generation, export earnings as well as tourism. The possibilities extend from vast seas to high mountains with valued coldwater species. Untapped potentials exist in island systems from ornamental fishes to value added products. Indian fisheries and aquaculture is an important sector of food production. It provides nutritional security to the human food contributes to the agricultural exports and engages very large number of people in different activities. With diverse resources ranging from deep seas to lakes in the mountains and more than 10% of the global biodiversity in terms of fish and shellfish species, the country has shown continuous and sustained increments in fish production since independence. India is the third largest fish producing country in the world and ranks second in inland fish production. The 8,000 km coastline from both inland and marine resources, 3 million hectares of reservoirs, 1.4 million hectares of brackish water, 50,600 sq km of continental shelf area and 2.2 million sq km of exclusive economic zone are Indias vast potential resources for fish production. Fish production plays an important role in the socio- economic life of India. It is a rich source of protein and high quality food. It is also an important source for income and employment to millions of rural farmers, particularly women. With a large human population in India and over 250 million economically strong potential consumers of food and those who have an adequate purchasing power, the domestic demand for the fish and processed fish food is increasing very rapidly. The sector stimulates growth of a number of subsidiary industries and is a source of earning foreign exchange. Most importantly, it is the source of livelihood for a large section of economically backward human population of the country. Fish/ fish processed product sector needs to be developed in an integrated manner to achieve the targets set by the Government for overall development of fisheries sector. In view of the above developments, and to encourage the fish 14

producers, processors, exporters, etc., the Government of India, Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI) has desired to constitute and set up a national board called the National Fish Processing Development Board (NFPDB). This Board will take a holistic view and an integrated approach to this program and function as an independent and autonomous national body to look into all aspects of development of fishery sector and for processing, preservation, and marketing of processed fishery products in domestic and international markets. MOFPI assigned the task of preparing a detailed feasibility report, Detail Project Report for the establishment of the National Fish Processing Development Board (NFPDB) to M/s MITCON Consultancy Services Limited, Pune. 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT The objectives and terms of this report are as under: 1.2.1 To study the Indian and World scenario of fish sector. 1.2.2 To study details about state-wise production 1.2.3 To study the drawbacks and constraints and suggest suitable measures for improvement of fish production and processing industry. 1.2.4 To study measures required to be taken for the formation of NFPDB. 1.2.5 To study production, demand and market potential for the processed products. 1.2.6 To study the existing development plans, schemes, policies with regard to the fish processing industry and suggest suitable improvements. 1.2.7 To study the action program of NFPDB to achieve above mentioned objectives. 1.2.8 Requirement of technical and supporting manpower requirement of NFPDB. 1.2.9 Financial implications for establishment of the Board and to suggest various sources of revenue for the board. 1.2.10 Road map of NFPDB for next 5-10 years. 1.2.11 SWOT analysis of NFPDB. 1.2.12 To give recommendations on the basis of the above analysis to achieve overall growth of the National Fish Processing Development Board.

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1.3

METHODOLOGY The methodology followed was as under:

1.3.1 To collect and analyze the latest data from a number of sources. This data provides the background to the current situation of the production of fish and processed products. 1.3.2 Five major fish producing and processing states viz. Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala were selected for field survey. 1.3.3 Preparation of suitable questionnaires with following purpose: Following Six Questionnaires were prepared: a) Questionnaires for fish producers to assess the availability of fish, requirements of fishermen, facilities available to them, constraints and possible solutions, etc. Questionnaires for fish processors to assess present technology, constraints, possible solutions and the utilization of capacity of plants and demand for newer products. A short questionnaire for studying the views of associations was circulated. Questionnaires for R & D and training Institutes to study the areas of work under taken by the institutes and type of training provided to the stakeholders. Questionnaires for Govt. Agencies to understand their support and schemes. Questionnaires for assessing the market needs.

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

1.3.4 Data obtained from the industry on production parameters, technology, available infrastructure, export volumes, etc. 1.3.5 Meetings and discussions with fish producers, processors, exporters, Research and Training Institutes, Government Departments from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. 16

1.3.6 Analysis of data based on the survey carried out by MITCON in above mentioned States. 1.3.7 Preparation of recommendations, action plan, SWOT analysis, etc. based on discussion with the stakeholders. 1.3.8 The methodology also included the collection of secondary data on world trade statistics and trends in processing technologies, required quality standards, production in India and the world, import-export statistics, etc. The required data was collected from the libraries of research institutions, journals, magazines, internet, and websites and so on. 1.3.9 To undertake a study on the technical feasibility and financial viability for NFPDB. This was done by taking into consideration the physical and financial requirements and costs of NFPDB and the possible sources of revenue, with the objective that the NFPDB should, in the long run, be a self-sustainable and financially viable organization. 1.3.10 The draft report has been prepared based on the inferences drawn from the above paragraphs.

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CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND OF INDIAN FISH INDUSTRY 2.1 FISHERY SECTOR - INDIAN SCENARIO : A series of data is given below to indicate the present status of this important sector of India. 2.1.1 Total Fish Production in India : The production increased from 0.75 million metric tons in 1950-51 to 6.40 million metric tons in year 2003-04. A particularly significant progress in production is noticed from year 2001-2002 onwards.

2.1.2 Fish Production from Marine and Inland Sectors in India: The production has increased in both inland and marine sectors since 1950-51. The increase was more in case of marine sector as compared to the inland sector.

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Source : DAHD&F, 2005 2.1.3 Gross Domestic Product of Agriculture and Fisheries Sectors in India:
Fig. 3 : Gross domestic product of agriculture and fisheries sectors in India

Source : DAHD&F, 2005; CSO, 2005 Agricultural GDP increased to ` 550000 crores during the plan period. The fisheries GDP increased to ` 27000 crores during the same period. 2.1.4 Percentage Share of Fisheries to Agricultural Sector in India; The percentage share of fisheries in agricultural GDP was 5.34% as of year 2004-05.

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Fig. 4 : Percentage share of fisheries to agricultural sector in India

Source: DAHD&F, 2005; CSO, 2005 2.1.5 Capital Formation and Output of Indian Fisheries Sector :
Table 1 : Capital formation and output of Indian fisheries sector

Source : Estimates based on CSO, 2000 & 2005 Data shows that capital formation and average annual output from the sector has increased during the 8th, 9th and 10th Five Year Development Plans of India

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2.1.6 Statewise Available Water-bodies in India for Fish Production:


Table 2 : Inland Water Resources of India

Source : State Governments / Union Territories The total suitable available water bodies for fish production in India cover an area of 73.59 lakh ha. The state wise water bodies in 5 major states in order of their ranking are as under:-

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Table 3 : Area of water bodies and percentage of major states

2.1.7 Statewise Marine Fish Resources in India :


Table 4 : Marine Fisheries Resources of India

Source : Marine Fisheries Census, 2005. State wise marine fish resources as of 2005, in terms of coastal line, continental shelf, number of landing sites and number of coastal villages is given in the table for maritime states of India. This information can be used for focused intervention in marine fisheries development in these states.

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2.1.8 Fish Seed Stocks (Fry) Production in India :


Table 5 : Fish Seed Production

Source : State Governments / Union Territories. The production increased from a meager 409 million fry in 1973 to 24143 million fry by year 2007-08. However the demand for quality, disease free, fry/ fingerlings is continuously increasing which needs to be addressed quickly. 23

2.1.9 Statewise Fish Production in India:


Table 6 : Statewise Fish Production during the period 2002-03 to 2007-08

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Source : State / Union Territories The state wise production is given from year 2002-03 to 2007-08. It is increased from 6199.68 thousand metric tons in 2002-03 to 7126.83 thousand metric tons in year 2007-08. The five major states in fish production (in 2007-08) as per their order of ranking are as under:Table 7 : Fish products and percentage in major states

2.1.10 Global and Indian Fish Exports: The share of Indian fish exports to the global exports has remained insignificant during last several years. In fact, the gap has widened further. This shows that urgent steps are necessary to increase share of India in global fishery exports.
Fig. 5 : Global and Indian fish exports

Source: DAHD&F, 2005; CSO, 2005, MPEDA, 2006

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2.1.11 Share of Indian Fish Exports in World Trade: The share of Indian fish exports in world trade is only about 6.5%. This invites urgent steps to increase the share from India.
Fig. 6 : Share of Indian fish exports in world trade

Source : DAHD& F, 2005; CSO, 2005, MPEDA, 2006 2.1.12 Growth in Fisheries Export and Integration with International Trade:
Table 8 : Export & production during VIII, IX & X five year plan

Source : Estimates based on MPEDA, 2006, CSO, 2000 & 2005 Data shows that the fisheries exports have increased during India's 8th, 9th and 10th Five year Development Plans. 26

2.1.13 Fisheries Contribution at a glance:


Table 9 : Contribution of fisheries sector.

2.1.14 Marine Fisheries Sector: The sector contributes to food security and provides direct employment to over 1.5 million fisher-folks besides others dependent indirectly on the sector. The estimated total marine fisher folk population of 3.57 million is in 3,305 marine fishing villages spread across the coastal States and Union Territories (including islands). Out of them, about 0.90 million are active fisher people, and another 0.76 million fisher people are involved in other fisheries-related activities. India's Marine Capture Fish Production: The bulk of the catch comprises oil sardines, followed by penaeid and non-penaeid shrimp, Indian mackerel, Bombay duck, croakers, smaller quantities of cephalopods, other sardines and threadfin breams.(CMFRI 2008).
Fig. 7 : India: Marine and inland fish production (1950-2008)

Source : FISHSTAT, FAO (2010)

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2.2

MARICULTURE While shrimp farming has been a commercial activity in the country, culture of other marine organisms such as mussels and oysters has not reached a commercial level. In the recent past, the country has made a beginning in mariculture particularly in Kerala. Potential mariculture sites for bivalve farming along the east and west coasts of India have been mapped by CMFRI, Cochin. Mariculture technologies for edible oysters, mussels, marine pearl production in pearl oysters, seaweeds, and marine ornamental fishes (damsels, clown fishes and seahorses) are available. This would also enable the required diversification into non-food fisheries in terms of seaweed cultivation, pearl farming, and so on, with high export potentials.

2.3

SHRIMP FARMING: The major bottlenecks limiting the growth of aqua-culture are the non-availability of disease free seed and the dependence on single species (Penaeus-monodon). There are about 320 shrimp hatcheries in the country with an annual installed production capacity of 12 billion post larvae (PL). There was however a drop in the requirement for shrimp seed due to the recurring diseases like White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Loose Shell Syndrome and Monodon Baculo Virus (MBV) disease. The imminent need is to domesticate the shrimp and produce Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) seed to overcome the problems. While R&D efforts are in place in the country, establishment of bio-secure facility and dedicated seed centers is an important requirement. Further, the mechanism of quarantine to screen the imported seed needs to be strengthened with centers at major port cities like Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai. It is expected that the area of shrimp farming will expand to 2,26,000 ha. by the end of XI plan and the expected production will be of the order of 2,30,000 tons. The shrimp seed requirement at the end of XI plan period will be around 9 billion and this can be met with the existing hatcheries (12 billion annual production capacities).

2.4

AVAILABILITY OF QUALITY FEED : There are about 35 feed mills with an annual installed production capacity of 1,50,000 tons. However, the feed requirement will go up to 2,25,000 tons accounting for an additional requirement of 75,000 tons of feed, that needs to be met by expanding the present capacity or installing new feed mills. It is necessary to remove this single species dependence in brackish water aqua-culture, with other shrimps as well as brackish water fin fishes. Both seed production on one end and processing and export of new species at the other would need to be addressed to achieve the desired diversification in the culture practices. Fin fish aqua-culture is expected to be taken 28

up in about 2,000 ha during the XI plan period, mostly focusing on culture of the sea bass (Lates-calcarifer), with an expected production of around 8000 million tons. At a stocking density of 10,000 sea bass seed per hectare, the seed requirement will be 2 million. In order to meet this seed requirement, about 20 sea bass hatcheries with a production capacity of 10 lakh seed per annum are to be established. Inland saline aqua-culture would assume greater importance in the coming years, with increasing salination in different parts of the country. 2.5 NEW EMERGING EXPORT FISH/FISH PRODUCTS: PRODUCTS/ MARKETS FOR

Processed fish products for export include conventional block frozen products, Individual Quick Frozen products (IQF), minced fish products like fish sausage, cakes, cutlets, pastes, surimi, textured products and dry fish etc. Exports of marine products have been erratic and on a declining trend which could be due to the adverse market conditions prevailing in the EU and US markets. The antidumping procedure initiated by the US Government has affected India's shrimp exports to the US. 2.5.1 Development of Tuna for Sashimi Market: In Japan, the consumer supermarket price for Sashimi Tuna is as high as US $ 75/kg. Therefore the ultimate aim should be to develop tuna in the form of Sashimi with a brand name in international market. One of the advantages of the Andaman & Nicobar islands is their strategic location close to major world tuna markets in Singapore and Bangkok. To take advantage of this, Port Blair could be linked by air or sea to these cities, especially for transport of chilled (-60C) Sashimi grade tuna. Port Blair could serve as an ideal point for export tuna linking with other ports such as Kochi, Chennai and Vishakapatnam, similar to the international tuna port of Malaysia. Apart from fishing, handling practices are very important for tuna exports, to retain the texture, in order to command the price in export. 2.5.2 Ready to Eat/Ready to Serve Value Added Products: Facilities for production/ processing of value added products such as ready-to-eat, ready-to-serve breaded and battered products, etc. are necessary to realize maximum return. It is however, necessary to have proper MIS and market data. 2.6 DEMAND FOR FISH/ FISHERY PRODUCTS: Demand for fish and fishery products is increasing considerably, both at domestic and export fronts. The projected demand for fish in the country by 2012 is 9.74 million tons, which can be met by the projected supply of fish of 9.60 million tons by 2012 with major 29

share of 5.34 million tons from inland aqua-culture followed by 3.10 million tons from marine fisheries. Presently, fisheries of the island systems, Andamans and Lakshadweep, as well as the deep sea resources, including the tunas, are highly under-exploited. 2.6.1 Projected Fish Demands in India by Year 2010-11.
Fig. 8 : Projected fish demands in India by Year 2010-11

Source: Fisheries Division, ICAR, 2006a The projected share for fish demand in India is estimated at 60% for domestic consumption, 7% for exports and 33% for other purposes. This indicates that focus needs to be given to the domestic sector which has a very high share in the projected demand. 2.6.2 Projected Sectorwise Fish Supply in India by Year 2010-11
Fig. 9 : Projected sectorwise fish supply in India by year 2010-11

Source : Fisheries Division, ICAR, 2006a, NCAP, 2006

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The estimated supply is given below. The data shows that the percentage share of inland fisheries sector is very low and needs to be substantially increased.

Table 10 : Projected sector wise fish supply in India (2011-12)

Source : ICAR data Paradigm shifts in terms of increasing contributions from inland sector and aqua-culture are observed over the years. Marine fisheries, coastal aqua-culture, inland fisheries, freshwater aquaculture and cold water fisheries significantly contribute to food, health, economy, exports, employment and tourism of the country. Fish and fish products have presently emerged as the largest group in agricultural exports of India, with 5.2 lakh tons in terms of quantity and ` 7,200 crores in value. This accounts for around 3% of the total exports of the country and nearly 20% of the agricultural exports. More than 50 different types of fish and shellfish products are exported from India to over 75 countries around the world. The country has about 429 Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDAs) and 39 Brackish Water Fish Farms Development Agencies (BFDAs) for promoting freshwater and coastal aqua-culture. The present annual carp seed production is to the tune of 20 billion and that of shrimp about 8 billion. Along with fish culture for food production, ornamental fish culture and high value fish farming are gaining importance in the recent past. It is estimated that over 2.4 lakh fishing crafts are operating in the Indian coast with infrastructure of six major fishing harbors, 40 minor fishing harbors and 151 landing centers. India has developed a strong, professionally qualified, competent and skilled technical manpower in production, processing and marketing of fish/fish products. Comparatively low-cost skilled manpower in India is an important asset which is now recognized the world over.

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2.7

THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PROGRAMS FOR FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT: With regard to development programs in fisheries and aqua culture during the Eleventh Five Year Plan, the objectives are as under: Enhancing the production of fish from Indian waters on an environmentally sustainable and socially equitable basis, it is necessary to address the hitherto unexplored potentials of Indian fisheries e.g. island fisheries and non-food fisheries, conservation of aquatic resources and genetic diversity, preservation of health of ecosystems, increasing profitability of fishers and aqua-farmers through an integrated approach from production to consumption. Promoting fish as health food and meeting the changing requirements of both domestic and export markets, Strengthening of Infrastructure in harvest, post-harvest, value-addition and marketing and upliftment of fishers and aquafarmers' communities, with gainful employment opportunities and capacity strengthening. Major thrust areas for XIth Five Year Plan: Optimizing production and productivity, Augmenting export of marine products, Generating employment Improving welfare of fisher-folk socioeconomic status.

and

their

2.7.1 On-going Fisheries Schemes of the Central /State Governments: A) Schemes of DAHDF (MOA) in Fisheries Development Sector: (i) Development of Inland Fisheries and Aqua-culture The centrally sponsored scheme on Development of Inland Fisheries and Aqua-culture which is being implemented through the State Governments/UT Administrations. It covers all inland fishery resources available in the country in the form of freshwater, brackish water, cold water, waterlogged areas, saline/alkaline soils for aqua-culture and capture fishery resources (reservoir/rivers etc.). The scheme has six components, viz., Development of Freshwater Aqua-culture, Development of Brackish water Aquaculture, Development of Coldwater Fisheries and Aqua-culture in the Hilly Regions, Development of Water-logged Areas into Aquaculture Estate, Utilization of Inland Saline/Alkaline Soils for Aquaculture and Inland Captive Fisheries (Reservoirs/Rivers etc). A new component called Innovative Projects have been recently added for implementation in the 11th Five year plan. Development of Freshwater Aqua-culture

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The main objectives of the scheme are to popularize fish farming, creating employment opportunities and diversifying aqua culture practices and providing assistance to fish farmers with a view to creating a cadre of trained and well organized fish farmers fully engaged in aqua culture. In order to boost inland fish production, assistance in the form of subsidy is given to the fish farmers for construction of new ponds, reclamation/ renovation of ponds and tanks, first year inputs (fish seed, fertilizers, manures, etc.), integrated fish farming, running water fish culture, establishment of fish seed hatcheries and fish feed mills, etc. Assistance is also given to progressive fish farmers for purchase of aerators to further enhance the productivity of fish. Financial assistance is also provided for freshwater prawn seed hatchery, laboratory, soil & water testing kits, integrated units for ornamental fish and transportation of seed in hilly areas. Development of Brackish Water Aqua-culture

With a view to provide technical, financial and extension support to shrimp farmers in the small scale sector, 39 Brackish water Fish Farmers Development Agencies (BFDA's) have been sanctioned in all the coastal states and the UT of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Since inception of the scheme till 2007-08, about 30,889 ha water area has been brought under shrimp culture and 31,624 shrimp farmers have been trained in improved practices of shrimp farming and 25664 beneficiaries covered under the program. (ii) Development of Marine Fisheries, Infrastructure and Post Harvest Operations The financial assistance for the development of marine sector is provided to implement several central sectors and centrally sponsored schemes. Some of them are mentioned below: Motorization of Traditional Craft, Safety of Fishermen at Sea: Early warning system on board a kit consisting of GPS, communication equipment, echo-sounder and search & rescue beacon.) Fishermen Development Rebate on HSD Oil: Oil used by fishing vessels below 20 meter length Introduction of Intermediate Craft of Improved Design to improve fishing capacity of the small-scale fishing boats in deep sea and beyond. Establishment of Operation of Vessel Monitoring System for monitoring, control and surveillance of movement of fishing vessels in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). 33

Promoting Fuel Efficient and Environment- Friendly Fishing Practices: use of LPG kit for use on the out board motors. Management of Marine Fisheries: Over capacity and over fishing are the two identified major factors contributing to resource depletion in marine capture fisheries. Unsustainable fishing practices, damage to marine habitat and illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing are other major activities, which are negatively impacting the stock levels. Since the exploitation of fish resources in the territorial waters have either reached the optimum level or exceeded in certain instances, focus has to be shifted to scientific management of our marine fisheries with development of appropriate tools and techniques in harmony with international guidelines. This new component aims at initiating science-based management of marine fisheries. The activities undertaken under this component include (i) to conduct awareness programs, (ii) to implement Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), (iii) Capacity Evaluation, (iv)to undertake community outreach programs on sustainable fisheries and (v) Production of Audio visuals on, over fishing/over capacity. iii) Development of Infrastructure and Post- Harvest Operations

Establishment of Fishing Harbors & Fish Landing Center Development of infrastructure facilities for the fishery sector is one of the important factors that contribute to augmenting marine fish production and its exports. In order to meet the infrastructure requirement, a centrally sponsored scheme, with the objective of providing infrastructure facilities for safe landing and berthing of traditional fishing craft, mechanized fishing vessels and deep sea fishing vessels had been initiated in 1964. The facilities created under the scheme are fishing harbors and fish landing centers which includes breakwater, wharf, jetty, dredging, reclamation, quay, auction hall, slipway, workshop, net mending shed and other ancillary facilities. Strengthening of Post Harvest Infrastructure The scheme is implemented with view to create necessary facilities to provide remunerative price to the fish farmers for their produce and available fresh fish at reasonable price to the consumers. Under this scheme, State Fisheries Cooperative, Cooperative Federation and primary cooperatives are assisted in strengthening their marketing infrastructure facilities. The scheme has three sub-components namely (i) Developing fish preservation and storage infrastructure, (ii) Developing retail fish marketing infrastructure, (iii) Assistance for fish transport infrastructure and (iv) Development of Central Fish Markets in 34

metros and big cities. This program is implemented through Government Undertakings, Corporations, Federations, Marketing boards, Cooperative Societies, Self Help Groups, NGOs, Self Help Groups of Women, SHGs of SC/ ST, Private Companies owned by fishermen, SCs/STs. Maintenance of Dredging of Fishing Harbors and Fish Landing Centers. The facilities are created for safe landing and berthing facilities for various categories of fishing vessels/ crafts. Plying along the coast of the country, A Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger 'TSD Sindhuraj' has been procured under the Japanese Grant-in-aid program Taking up of Innovative Activities. This is a new component introduced with a view to minimize the post-harvest losses through ideal marketing system. Since reintroduction of the scheme in Xth plan, 13 ice plants/cold storage plants, 45 fish retail outlets/kiosks, 31 insulated/refrigerated vehicles were setup in the country. The component consists of four sub-components namely (i) Developing fish preservation and storage infrastructure, (ii) Developing retail fish marketing infrastructure, (iii) Assistance for fish transport infrastructure and (iv) Development of Central Fish Markets in metros and big cities. B. Schemes Taken Up by National Fisheries Development Board (MOA) : (i) (ii) (iii (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (ix) (x) Construction of SPF P. monodon (prawn) Multiplication Center: Supply of fish seed to farmers Reservoir Fisheries Development: for seed stocking in reservoirs Cage culture of Sea bass in open seas: Asian Sea bass demonstration farms through Central Institute of Brackish water Aqua-culture (CIBA), L. vannami culture - Support for establishment of quarantine facility at Chennai: Tuna processing unit: Infrastructure for post harvest processing: HRD programs:

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2.7.2 Other Organizations Working in the Sector: Coastal Aqua-culture Authority (CAA): The Coastal Aqua-culture Authority (CAA) was established under the Coastal Aqua-culture Authority Act, 2005 and notified vide Gazette Notification dated 22nd December, 2005. The main objective of the Authority is to regulate coastal aqua-culture activities in coastal areas in order to ensure sustainable development without causing damage to the coastal environment. GOI Institutes for Fisheries Development: Fishery Survey of India. Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical Engineering & Training. Central Institute of Coastal Engineering for Fisheries. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) Institutes in Fisheries Education and Research Sector under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR):Central Marine fisheries research Institute, Cochin. Central Inland Fisheries research Institute, Bhubaneshwar. Central Institute for Fisheries Education, Mumbai. Besides above, technology research in fish/processed fish food products is also carried out at the Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore (CFTRI) 2.8 WORLD FISHERIES SCENARIO:

2.8.1 Captive Production of Species The following table shows the captive production by groups of species (fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc) in tons.
Table 11 : Product of various species (1999-2005)

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37

Source : FAO STATS 2.8.2 Projected Production The following table shows the fish production in 2004 and projections for 2015.
Table 12 : Sectorwise projected production.

Note: all figures except percentages are in million tons. Source : FAO STATS. 38

2.8.3 Marine Food Products-World Trade Marine products have created a huge demand in the world market. With the high unit value, seafood has been acclaimed as one of the fastest moving commodity in the world market. The world market for seafood has doubled within the last decade reaching US $49.32 billion. India's share is only 2.4% at present; it is mainly dependant on shrimp as a product. However, the situation is changing due to the increased attention/ demand for other fishery resources like squid, cuttlefish, fin fish, etc. and is being exported to Western Europe and South East Asia. 2.8.4 Indian Status in Global Fisheries: Globally, fish production from capture fisheries and aqua-culture was over 130 million tons in year 2000 as compared to nearly 20 million tons in 1950. The production declined to 117 million tons in 1998 and has since recovered. Indian share in global production has reached 4.36% per cent with 9.92% share in inland and 2.8% in marine. For inland sector India is ranked second after China. Other major producer countries are China, Japan, the United States, the Russian Federation and Indonesia. There is a steady increase in the exports which indicate a positive trend.

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CHAPTER 3 PROBLEMS, CONSTRAINTS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR FISH PRODUCTION/PROCESSING SECTOR IN INDIA. 3.1 PROBLEMS AND CONSTRAINTS The fisheries of natural waters, including coastal and inland sources is under pressure due to high fishing intensities, pollution, open-access, manmade modifications, water abstraction, etc. and lead to problems in maintaining sustainable fisheries. In these waters sustainable exploitation of fish stocks can be achieved through community participation and co-management. Water availability and utilization in an effective manner has now become a matter of concern. Fisheries and aqua-culture provide for diversification as well as value addition in farming practices. In case of aqua-culture, scope exists for bringing more fish species with a focus on food fish, ornamental species and those with potentials for sport and tourism. Ready availability of inputs like fish seed, feed, fertilizer, medicines, other fisheries requisites, etc. is necessary for development. Establishment of' Aqua-shops', as a single window facility for the purpose is expected to bring about a major change in the sector. Fish Seed is a critical input for successful culture and culturebased practices. The projected annual requirement of carp seed is to the tune of 34,000 million carp fry, 10,000 million shrimp and 8,000 million scampi PL and 2 million sea bass. The fish feed requirements for freshwater aqua-culture by the end of next plan is estimated at 3.15 million tons for freshwater aquaculture including grow-out and seed production and 0.23 million tons for brackish water aqua-culture. For all round development of fisheries sector, it is necessary to implement the code of conduct for responsible fisheries; utilize strong traditional wisdom and know-how by active community participation; address gender issues; strengthen the capacities of fishers and aqua-farmers regarding latest technological practices, administrative skills, disaster management, etc.; intensify efforts for treating aquaculture at par with agriculture; explore areas of public-private partnerships; strengthen the institutional credit support and public investments; harmonise fisheries policies in concurrence with the recent developments both at national and international levels; and strengthening the inter and intra linkages between fisheries sector and other concerned line departments.

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Other concerns and issues are water availability and allocation, bio-diversity loss & depletion of fish stocks, excess coastal fishing, enhancing fish productivity, oceanic and deep sea fisheries, impact of climate change on fisheries, trans-boundary fisheries issues, inland & coastal pollution, large-scale sedimentation of rivers, estuaries & lakes, effective compliance of code of conduct of responsible fisheries, ever- increasing input costs of water and power, high marine fishing costs & low profitability, mechanization in fisheries and aqua-culture, cold chain and hygienic fish handling, quality assurance issues in production , processing and exports, overseas market fluctuations, disaster management, availability of bank credit and insurance, inadequate database and poor linkage in domestic marketing. High perishability of fish coupled with poor post-harvest handling has lead to heavy losses, even to the extent of 15%, in both marine and inland fisheries. Therefore, strengthening of post-harvest infrastructure in form of better fish landing and handling facilities, cold chains, storage facilities, ice plants, transportation, etc., as well as effective marketing system in identified areas is a key requirement for the development of this sector. Some of the Crucial Problems Facing the Industry are Highlighted Below:Problems /constraints faced by the fish farming/ processed fish products industry: Major portion of fish farming activity is with small and poor rural farmers who lack skills and have inadequate physical/financial resources. Low productivity and/or high incidence of occasional disease problems in fish, particularly the finger lings. Lack of facilities for proper disease diagnostic, disease surveillance and advice on sanitation and cleanliness of ponds particularly the pH and adequate water levels. Inadequate quantity and quality fish seed and fish feed Lack of adequate and timely credit supply to fisher-folk from the financial institutions. Inadequate infrastructure for proper processing, packaging, preservation and marketing of fresh/ chilled fish and processed fish products. Poor maintenance of quality, small quantities of produce, absence of cold chain and lack of and consistency in supply of fish/fish products for exports Constraints, Problems and Bottlenecks of the 41

Fish/ Processed Fish Sector/Industry and Their Possible Solutions: Markets for selling fresh fish/ fish products are not well developed and lack the basic requirements of cleanliness, sanitation and hygiene. Poor arrangement of procurement and transporting of fish to the markets. Major portion of trade is mostly in the hands of agents and middlemen with a very high level of business commission. The fish farmers have very small quantity of produce and have no financial power or knowledge of the prevalent market to determine/ dictate the farm-gate selling price of fish. Small scale fish cleaning/ dressing facilities at rural/ village level are not available. Fish quality inspection at producers' level and in fish stalls/markets is almost non-existent. The problems of food poisoning due to eating of stale fish /fish products are very common. Quality control laboratories for inspection of fish/ fish products are non-adequate and/or are not well equipped except those established for exports. Much of the fish/ fish products do not meet required international standards of hygiene and quality suitable for exports. Lack of fish Markets having proper infrastructure facilities. Lack of modern fish processing plants with good facilities for production/processing of clean, wholesome fish meat under sanitation and hygienic conditions. Lack of infrastructure, facilities and incentives (some available from MPEDA, Ministry of commerce) for processing of fish meat and its packaging, preservation, storage and marketing. Lack of sanitation and hygiene of fish meat packing /storage houses and fish meat/ processed fish products shops. Lack of utilization and processing of wastes/ inedible materials to prepare by-products with value addition. Lack of implementation of laws for sanitation and hygiene of fish meat packing /storage houses and fish meat shops. Main Challenges:

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The main challenges facing fisheries development in the country include the following: Optimization of production and productivity of fish. Infrastructure operations. development for harvest and post-harvest

Increased Landing and berthing facilities for fishing vessels. Development of sustainable technologies for fin and shell fish culture. Adoption of new and innovative production technologies for aquaculture, management and effective use of utilized water resources and proper market tie-ups. Development of production from Reservoir fisheries- a major opportunity to enhance fish production. In the marine sector, harnessing deep-sea fisheries resources. Increased focus on diversification and high value produce. Proper post-harvest handling, reduction of losses and hygienic primary processing to realize full potentials. Effective marketing arrangements to ensure adequate returns to the fisher folks and make available good quality fish at affordable prices to the consumers. Developing infrastructure including cold chain facilities for procuring, processing, packaging, storage and marketing of fish/fish products with quality and value addition to cater to the domestic and export markets. Provision for processing for both export and domestic markets Improvement of fishing harbors. Effective marketing system in identified areas- a key requirement for the development of this sector. REQUIRED REFORMS/ CHANGES IN THE SECTOR: The above constraints have to be minimised for achieving all round development of the fish Meat/ fish meat products Industry sector. Required infrastructure facilities have to be created to resolve the above mentioned problems. 43

3.2

The existing fish meat producing/ processing houses have to be modernized. Infrastructure for fish markets for trading of fish/ fish products has to be created. There is an urgent need to provide required infrastructure facilities and incentives to the fish meat/ fish products sector for processing fish meat and value added fish meat products. Greater participation and collaboration between fisher-folk, industry, public and private institutions and other stake holders is required. Schemes to develop rural markets for fish and to remove regional imbalances need to be implemented. Covered space for selling live/ dressed fish / fish products, canteen and facilities for dressing of fish, canteen, bank facility, cold storage etc. should be developed. Massive efforts are required to provide financial incentives and credit facilities for establishing fish production and fish meat processing plants and for utilization of waste materials for processing to produce by products like processed dried fish meal with value addition which can be used as a protein supplement in poultry feeds. Fish markets should be developed in major cities having a high quantum of sale of fish/ fish products. Where, infrastructure facilities should be provided on payment basis to the concerned entrepreneurs. Facilities like unloading ramp, weigh-bridge, supply of ice for chilling, sale of packaging material, quality inspection, store for fish feed, adequate electricity and water supply arrangement, bank facility, food canteen etc can be provided. MOFPI may consider providing capital incentives for such schemes and establish tie up with banks for providing financial assistance. Shops where fish meat/ fish products are sold need to be modernized. Facilities like tiled floor and walls, fly-proof nets on windows / doors, a platform for cutting/processing fish, selling counter with weighing balance, UV fly traps, proper drainage for disposal of wastes, dust bins, adequate water / electricity facility, display board showing selling prices of various products, clean SS knives, a meat cutting block, aprons/hoods/ gum-boots for workers, a deep freezer/refrigerator, good quality packaging material etc. should be available. MOFPI can provide capital incentives and have a tie up with banks for providing financial assistance. On the similar lines mentioned in above paragraph, facilities should also be provided to street hawkers (mobile or stationary) selling fish/ processed or ready to eat fish products. MOFPI can 44

provide capital incentives and have a tie up with banks for providing financial assistance. Some of the important reforms and changes needed in view of the latest developments in this sector worldwide are highlighted below 3.2.1 Food Quality and Safety Requirements: In developed countries, new safety standards and codes of practice for fish/ fish products have been introduced and strictly followed. With the onset of WTO, if India has to compete in the free global economy, similar standards have to be developed and adopted. India can not afford to lag behind in this development. It is evident from the trend seen in other food items that in India, consumer preference is increasing for clean, safe, hygienic nutritious and properly packed, labeled and presentable food items. Moreover, with the liberalization of international trade and tariff under WTO agreement , the domestic products will have to face severe competition from the imported products .Locally produced fish/fish products will have to fall in line and producers and marketing agencies will have to seriously think to improve their products. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has prepared standards for safety certification of foods. BIS has launched a scheme for HACCP (Hazard analysis and critical control point) for food industry to obtain IS certification .This will become an important requirement since many food importing companies from abroad are now insisting that Indian exporters adhere to the required standards. Food items will be analyzed against safety standards set for hygiene, quality and bacterial contamination. Sectors, those could avail the certification include meat, fish poultry and dairy products. This certification becomes important in view of the fact that certain items of food from India had to face a rejection on quality considerations. The demand for properly processed, chilled or frozen packaged fish/ fish products is increasing particularly in large towns and cities in India particularly in Supermarkets and fast food joints/restaurants. Therefore, it is expected that in the next 5 -10 years, these products will have a big demand in the domestic market. 3.2.2 Processing of Fish Waste Products: The wastes from cutting/ processing fish and trash fish unsuitable for human consumption can be processed to produce dried fish meal which is used as protein supplements in compound poultry feeds as well as a fertilizer. These facilities will have to be created in organized large fish processing plants 45

3.2.3 Harvest and Post Harvest Infrastructure The projected annual growth rate of fisheries sector during XI plan is of the order of 5%, with 2.5% in marine fisheries and 8% in inland aqua-culture, with a projected annual fish production to the tune of 9.6 million tons. In order to ensure this, fisheries sector would need to strengthen the infrastructure for both harvesting and post-harvest handling and processing in a big way. This includes modern deep sea fishing vessels, fisheries harbors both major and minor, other fish landing centers, etc. As the existing facilities at the harbors and landing centers are inadequate and the conditions unhygienic, they need to be modernized by providing additional facilities for storage, icing and handling, packaging and transportation. The additional requirement for harbors and landing centers by 2012 is estimated at two major fishing harbors, 13 minor fishing harbors and 46 landing centers. Continuous availability of potable water has to be ensured for washing and cleaning. Suitable waste disposal mechanisms, raised platforms for hygienic handling and packaging of fish and availability of sufficient quantity of quality ice, etc. are to be ensured. Installation of efficient effluent treatment plants to ensure economical use of potable water and minimize environmental pollution is required. The steps needed to improve harvest and post harvest activities are: Information on Market price at landing centers, Communication towers for deep sea, Solving law and order problems, Involvement of private sector at harbors and landing center for recording of catch statistics etc.

3.2.4 Marketing of Fish/ Fish Products About 75% of production in the country is marketed domestically through wholesale, major and minor retail (including roadside) markets. These markets are highly un-organized, with some execution of planned development only in the export sector. Majority of domestic markets are unhygienic and the fish storing and handling facilities are extremely poor. There is lack of proper transportation system including roads, refrigerated vehicles, etc. Facilities of potable water, good quality ice, electricity and waste disposal system are inadequate. There is considerable time lag during the transportation of fish from the landing center to the interior markets which results in poor quality of the material leading to high nutritional and post-harvest losses. 46

The marketing system is rather complex considering that from the producers' level, the product changes hands through several channels - the wholesaler, retailer and vendor to the consumer. Consequently, the primary producer gets a very small share of the consumer's rupee. There should be a mechanism for eliminating at least some stages of middlemen and an assured floor price to the producers. A mechanism to monitor and document food fish borne diseases is also needed to effectively prevent outbreaks of any diseases, as is done is developed countries. This is lacking at present and many cases fish diseases go unnoticed. The railway vans, air transport, containers, and cold chain are the essential components for efficient fish marketing system. The National Committee on implementation of Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries has suggested the following measures to promote and monitor exports and domestic marketing: Collection of complete details of cases coming before the Appellate Panel of WTO Setting up of a National data center, Necessary support to trade to fight antidumping, Setting up a network of cold storage plants, refrigerated outlets and small-scale training units, Exploring domestic market for a variety of value added products and related aspects. During the XI Plan, model markets are to be set up in major landing centers. Fishermen can have good solar driers near to the landing centers to utilize all catches, thereby reducing post harvest losses. 3.2.5 Processing of Fish/Fish Products; India exported 5,12,164 tons of seafood during 2005-06 valued at ` 7245.3 crore. During 2007-08, the export registered a growth rate of 11% in quantity and 9% in value. With the proposed additional infrastructure provided during XI Plan, an annual growth rate of 12% in export has been visualized. Accordingly, the export by 2012 has to go up to 1.13 million tons to fetch foreign exchange of around ` 15,000 crores. For achieving this performance, the existing infrastructure has to be upgraded. Presently the utilization of the installed capacity in the fish processing factories is only 25% (based on annual working days of 300 days in 2 shifts). If the existing utilized capacity can be increased to 40% by way of import of raw material for re-export, it is estimated that India may require an additional annual installed capacity of 7.68 lakh tons by the end of XI Plan. Import, processing and re-export of fish will also ensure better capacity utilization. The development of fish processing infrastructure is almost completely handled by the private sector. It is therefore necessary 47

to prepare suitable scheme with the required incentives and a greater involvement of the private sector. Diversification of the present shrimp oriented industry and introduction of new lucrative products like sashimi tuna, oceanic squids and other similar items is needed. The National Committee on implementation of Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries also suggested measures to promote fish processing in the country They include following measures: Up-gradation of preprocessing and processing units in a time bound manner Evolving a suitable mechanism for monitoring the quality of ice produced by ice plants not attached to processing plants Monitoring samples of fish, shrimp etc. from farms and from water bodies susceptible to be contaminated with effluents

3.2.6 Utilization of Fish Catches According to MOFPI, the estimated utilization of fish catch is as under: 81 % marketed as fresh or chilled product and a major staple food for the coastal population and inland landing centers. 6 % utilized for drying and curing. 5.2% utilized for Frozen fish production. 4.7% used for rendering/ reduction to processed fish meal

The range of value added fishery processed products include extruded products, battered and breaded products, Surimi and derivatives, pickles and curried products in restorable packaging. With the changing life-styles of urban consumers, value added fishery products of different descriptions as 'convenience food' is gaining popularity in the markets. 3.2.7 Major Conclusions: India has a very large fish production, however the overall productivity is low. This can be improved by introducing scientific methods of management including production and supply of high quality fish seed, finger lings, fish feed and extension education to farmers on scientific methods of rearing fish.

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Average per capita consumption of fish/ fish products in India is still low as compared with other developed countries. There is a good potential to develop production as the demand is increasing rapidly particularly in the urban areas where there are very large number of domestic consumers having a good income to purchase fish/fish products. India's fish/ fish products exports are comparatively low as compared to many other developed/developing countries. India's exports fish/fish product exports are increasing. This can be further increased by providing infrastructure facilities and by providing the required incentives to procure, process, package and market the fish/fish products in a scientific manner and process fish waste to produce suitable fish byproducts with value addition. Quality of the product and consistency in supply of quality products will be a major input to drive the growth of this sector. There is an urgent need to provide infrastructure facilities and establish modern markets for trading fish / fish products , fish /fish product shops and hawkers selling fish/fish products so that good quality hygienic fish/fish products could be made available to the consumers. Considering above issues, it is necessary to establish an independent National Fish Processing and Development Board (NFPDB), to take up the required action plans to develop the fish/ fish processing/ processed fish product sector.

3.3

SUITABLE STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT

FOR

IMPROVEMENT

AND

NFPDB should primarily look after development of fish/ fish products processing sector including production, processing, packaging, preservation, marketing and value addition of fish/ fish product sector and processing of fish waste to prepare fish byproducts like fish meal with value addition. Other fishery development activities including breeding, disease prevention and control and management of fishery which fall under the preview of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fishery (DAHDF) and National Fishery Development Board. (NFDB) under MOA Government of India, It is therefore suggested that these activities may be looked after by them However, the NFPDB should establish a close association/ liaison with the above mentioned Departments so that proper synergies are established. The NFPDB should focus its attention primarily on the following aspects and develop and monitor action plans for implementation of the following:

Fish meat/ fish products production, infrastructure facilities, 49

Development of domestic and international sale, exports, imports etc for fish meat / fish products. Development of fish markets for sale/ trading of fish/ fish products. Development of facilities for scientific processing, packaging, storage and marketing of fish meat/ fish products, Value added products from fish meat. Processing of fish wastes for processing into fish byproducts

3.3.1 Major Promising Areas for Fisheries Development: The areas need to be supported in order to achieve diversification in terms of non-food fisheries are, ornamental fisheries, seaweed, pearl culture, aqua-tourism, sport fisheries and mollusk fisheries for ornamental purposes. The strategy for realizing the potentials of the sector are: Ensuring adoption of responsible and sustainable fishery practices and enhancing fish productivity in all cultivable waters, Establishing agro-aqua farms, aqua-shops and fishery estates to incorporate activities from production to consumption, Spreading fish quality literacy among fishers and aqua-farmers, improving facilities for fish landing and handling at harvest and post-harvest stages, Developing social marketing techniques, Introducing reforms with regard to leasing and management of waters, ownership and community management and Training in different aspects of fisheries and aqua-culture. The proposed post-harvest activities include the following: Construction of processing plants and new model retail fish markets, modernization of wholesale markets, facilities of Transport & insulated containers to societies, provision for marketing (Kiosk) for women SHGs and value addition for SHGs. The infrastructures required for aqua-culture are as under:-: Facilities for domestication of Penaeus monodon. Establishment of SPF- seed multiplication center, 50

Holding centers, PCR labs, Sales counters for brood stock Testing facilities for feed, seed & fish.

3.3.2 Value Addition for Fish/Fish Products: The value addition is one of the major components in increasing the exports both in quantity and value terms. Value addition in fish and fisheries products has great scope for improvement in our country. To facilitate increased value addition, National Committee on implementation of Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries suggested following measures: Improving fish handling and preservation facilities on board fishing vessels Encouraging fishing boats to have insulated and refrigerated fish holds, Ensuring quality of the ice, Imparting training to workers of pre-processing and processing plants on various aspects connected with hygiene, sanitation, handling of raw material and production of value added products, Modification in the EXIM Policy so as to grant preference to value added products over commercial products, Steps for market promotion of products. Adequate facility for catch handling at fisheries harbours and landing jetties Facility for catch preservation such as chilled/cold storage, Setting up small scale projects for production of semi processed ready-to-cook fish products from low valued fishes, fish pickles, quality dried products, fish curry etc. by coastal population, promoted by families, unemployed youth, etc. Post Harvest Processing plants ( primarily in the Private sector), New model retail fish markets, Modernization of wholesale fish markets, Provision of Transport & Insulated containers , Involvement of Women's SHGs for marketing (Kiosk) 51

CHAPTER 4 MARKETING STRUCTURE AND STATUS OF INDUSTRY 4.1 STATUS OF THE FISH PROCESSING/EXPORT INDUSTRY According to the data of MOFPI, there are about 1,273 registered exporters in the country and the Indian seafood fish processing industry is well developed. The post-harvest infrastructure includes around 215 ice plants, 481 shrimp peeling plants, 371 freezing plants, 471 cold storage units, 7 canning plants, 16 fishmeal plants, 11 surimi plants, and one agar-agar production unit. Around 95% of the seafood processing units in the country are concentrated in 20 major clusters in 12 maritime states where fish catches are highest. All export oriented processing units are HACCP certified. The total installed freezing capacity of 7,283 tons /day, is fully utilized only during the peak fishing season. Commercial production is mostly directed towards export. India exports fourteen major fishery product groups to over 40 countries. Shrimp product lines account for 65-70% of the export earnings. India occupies the 16th position among the sea-food export trade. India has a occupies fifth position in the world. India is the topmost suppliers of cephalopods to Europe. Aqua-culture contributes 21.56% by volume and 49.76% by value of total seafood exports. Exports of marine products have played a key role in developing the fishing and aqua-culture sectors in India. Over 60% of exports realized from the capture fishery sector of the country is contributed by the mechanized sector and 7% by the traditional sector. The deep-sea sector has very low share of less than 1% in the exports which points to the enormous opportunities latent in the sector. Market Structure and Exports for Marine Products Major marine products exported from India include frozen/Individually Quick Frozen (IQF) shrimps, canned/dried shrimps/prawns, lobsters, cuttle fish, squid tubes, fresh fishes, canned fish, dried fish, crab, clam, mussel, aquarium fishes, dried shark fins, dried cuttle fish bones, dried fish maws, etc. Processed fish products for export include conventional block frozen products, individual quick frozen products (IQF), minced fish products like fish sausage, cakes, cutlets, pastes, surimi, textured products and dry fish etc.

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Exports of marine products have been erratic and on a declining trend which might be due to the adverse market conditions prevailing in the EU and US markets. The anti-dumping procedure initiated by the US Government has affected India's shrimp exports to the US. Frozen shrimp is the largest item exported in terms of value with a share of 59.02% of the total exports and frozen fish is the major item exported in terms of quantity with a share of 35.60% in total exports of marine products (MPEDA, 2005-06). The share of marine product exports has steadily grown over the years; from a mere ` 3.92 crore in 1961-62 to ` 7245.30 crore in 2005-06, accounting for approximately 2.1% of the total exports from India. Japan, USA and the Western European countries are the principal buyers of Indian frozen shrimp. Japan retained its position as the single largest buyer for Indian marine products till 2001-02 accounting for about 31% in the total export value. During the year 2002-03 and 2003-04 USA emerged as the single largest market for our marine products. The European Union, in the year 2004-05, collectively became the largest importer of Indian marine products. As compared to 200405, EU's share increased by 10% in quantity, 12.8% in value terms in 2005-06. The share of USA has also increased by 11.8% in quantity and 3.6% in value terms in 2005-06. The exports to the US, EU, China, and Middle East showed an increase whereas the export to Japan recorded a declining trend during past few years. 4.2 MARKET STRUCTURE Before 1960, the markets of Indian marine products were largely confined to neighboring countries like Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), and Singapore etc. when dried items dominated our exports. This situation changed with the development of technology and modernization; dried products gave way to canned and frozen items. The product shift also resulted in market shift. More sophisticated and affluent markets viz. Japan, USA, Europe, Australia, etc. became our important buyers. Several seafood processing units with modern machinery for freezing and production of value added products were set up at all important centers in the country for export processing. For a long time USA was the principal buyer for our frozen shrimp but after 1977, Japan emerged as the principal buyer of the product, followed by the West European countries. Japan retained its position till 2001-02 as the single largest buyer for our marine products accounting for about 31% in the total exports value. During the year 2002-03 and 2003-04 USA emerged as the single largest market for our marine products. During the year 2004-05, the European Union has collectively become the largest importer of 53

Indian marine products and it retained its position during the year 2005-06 also. As compared to 2004-05, its share is increased by 16.22% in quantity, 17.31% in value and 19.39% in US $ realization. USA became the second largest market in terms of value, followed by Japan. Exports to USA, EU, China, Middle East etc showed an increase whereas the export to Japan and South East Asia recorded a declining trend. 4.3. EXPORT TRENDS The share of marine product exports has steadily grown over the years; from a mere ` 3.92 crore in 1961-62 to ` 7245.30 crore in 2005-06 accounting for approximately 2.1% of the total exports from India. Growth in Export of Indian commodities:Table 13 : Export of marine products

54

CHAPTER - 5 FIELD SURVEY REPORT


5.1 COVERAGE: FIELD STUDY A survey of the fish producers(Backward linkages), Fish processors, Research Institutes, Fishery Associations and State Fisheries Departments was undertaken and all concerned people were interviewed based on the questionnaire approved by MOFPI. The number of persons/ institutions to whom questionnaires were sent are given below. States Sr No 1) Maharashtra 2) Gujrat 3) West Bengal Andhra 4) Pradesh 5 Kerala Total Fish State Fishermen Processors Research Fisheries / Exporters Institutes Associations Departments No of No of No. of No of No. of Respondents: Respondents: Organizations Respondents: Departments 14 11 17 10 17 28 21 16 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 4 182

9 23 2 61 105 6 Total Number of Respondents

5.2

QUESTIONNAIRE NO.1. : ASSESSING AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL AND POTENTIAL FOR STRENGTHING OF BACKWARD LIKAGE FOR FISH PROCESSORS: The findings of survey for fishermen and our discussions with them have indicated the following:

5.2.1 To study the availability of fish, requirements of fishermen, facilities available to them, constraints and possible solutions, etc., we contacted 61 respondents from five major fish producing and processing states viz. Maharashtra, Gujrat, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. 5.2.2 From the respondents 63% were operating non motorized vessels, while 37 % were operating Motorized/mechanized vessels. 5.2.3 The fishermen were using different types of gears like trawl nets, gill nets and hook and line nets.

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5.2.4 Varieties of fish such as pomfret, seerfish, carangids, croakers, cephalo pods, shrimps and other smaller varieties were generally landed. 5.2.5 Most of the fisherman disposed off their catch by selling either to agents or to the processing units. 5.2.6 The fishermen expressed that during the glut season the agents form a cartel to push down the rates of catch. To mitigate such eventualities, the fishermen suggested that infrastructure in form of cold storage at the landing centres should be made available. Further they also suggested that Government may assist them in ensuring minimum remunerative prices for the catch. 5.2.7 The increase in operational cost due to increase in fuel cost, provisions, ice, etc have led to reduce margins. e.g: On and average the operational cost of a sona boat along Andhra Pradesh coast for one season is approx. Rs. 20.00 Lakh, while the income may range from rupees 15 to 25 Lakh. 5.2.8 The catch per unit effort is decreasing each year due to over fishing and non selective gears being operated. The fisherman has also suggested that the size and weight of fish caught is reducing, putting further pressure on the yield. 5.2.9 Some of the problem faced by the fisherman include pollution of costal waters, non availability of training in latest fishing methods, shortage of ice and transport facilities, etc. The fishermen have also expressed that they require better medical facilities, adequate rest rooms and improved hygienic conditions at shore or landing centres. 5.2.10 The fish farmers practicing aqua culture have expressed that the cost of inputs in the form of feed, seed, fertilizers and lease rents have gone up considerably. Proportionately the farm gate price of fish has not increased leading to reduced margins. In fact the fish farmer who are cultivating pangasius in Andhra Pradesh are just about making it breakeven for the present season (Production cost Rs.32 per Kg and Farm gate Price Rs. 35/ Kg). 5.2.11 The fishermen have suggested increase in diesel subsidy, remodeling of old boats, and subsidy on the electronic equipments such as GPS, Echo sounder, etc. 5.3 QUESTIONNAIRE NO.2: ASSESSING THE PRESENT STATUS OF FISH PROCESSING INDUSTRY, LEVEL OF VALUE ADDITION, UTILISATION OF INSTALLED CAPACITIES, QUALITY ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS FACED BY THE INDUSTRY We have visited the processing plants from Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala to study the present technology, constraints, possible solutions and the utilization of capacity. The findings of survey for processors/exporters discussions with them have indicated the following: 56 and our

5.3.1 The processing plants on the west course are involved in almost all types of fishes apart from shrimp and cephalopods while those on the East course are predominantly processing shrimp. 5.3.2 All the plants visited were HACCP complaint. The plants involved in fish processing were having plate freezers, IQF lines and Blast Freezers. The product was whole frozen fish, fillets, and degutted fish. 5.3.3 Most of the plants except those processing Surimi had no value added processing. The shrimp processors were also freezing shrimps in the form of peeled and deveiled, headless, PUD, easy cut and flower cut, etc. Very few plants are involved in blanching and cooking. 5.3.4 The shrimp exports were mostly done to US and European Markets where as the fish was exported to EU, US, Middle East, South East and China. 5.3.5 On the East Coast, due to shrimp aqua culture especially the recently introduced species P. Vannamei there is steady flow of raw material. 5.3.6 The processors expressed that the profitability of plant is uncertain due to the various factors such as currency exchange rate, global supplies from other South East Asian Countries, demand from western and Chinese Markets and uncertainty of catch. 5.3.7 Further due to erratic power supply during peak season i.e. March, April and May the units have to run D.G. sets for prolonged periods leading to increase in production cost. 5.3.8 The processors have expressed shortage of skilled local labor. 5.3.9 There is demand for processed fishery product such as fish nuggets, fish cutlets, fish khima, etc. in overseas market. However there is need to develop market as well as processing infrastructure for these products. 5.3.10 The processors have indicated that the ready to eat fishery product are showing good acceptability with domestic consumers. This trend will keep on increasing with enhanced quality of lifestyle and increase in purchasing power. There fore industry has to gear itself to meet the demand of processed products. 5.3.11 The processors while exporting to the EU countries have to undergo strict quality norms. The buyers suggest for certification from EU accredited labs such as SGS, TUV, etc. These labs conduct microbial and antibiotic tests. The BRC certification is mandatory for UK.

57

5.3.12 The processors have suggested creating mandatory quality testing facilities near to fish processing pockets. They have further suggested to subsidize the fees payable to these laboratories. 5.3.13 The incidences of presence of anti biotic in the processed shrimp is on account of using the same by the hatchery operators. The processors while purchasing the raw material are not aware of the same. This leads to rejection of consignments and penalty has to be borne by the processors. The processors have suggested the need of training to shrimp hatchery operators and fish farmers. 5.3.14 There is urgent need to develop cold chain facilities from producers to processing units to minimize the wastage and ensuring quality of product. 5.3.15 The processors mentioned that three different Ministries like Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Food Processing Industry deal with issues related to fish processing. They desired that the proposed board should take lead in coordination and integration of various schemes for the development of processors.

5.4

QUESTIONNAIRE NO.3 : ASSOCIATIONS OF FISH PRODUCERS/PROCESSORS A short questionnaire for studying the views of associations was circulated. The findings of this survey are indicated in this section. They are as follows:

5.4.1 The marine fish boat operators association of Andhra Pradesh which oversees approx. 350 boats in Vishakhapatnam port stated that the present diesel subsidy of rupees 6.03 per litre needs to be increased. There is need to increase subsidy as well as quantity on ration to crew members. 5.4.2 Association stated that the members do not get remunerative price due to lack of infrastructure facilities at the harbor. 5.4.3 The cleanliness and general hygiene at the harbor is very poor and need to be upgraded. 5.4.4 The low value fish which is dried does not have proper drying yard. Thus affecting the quality. 5.4.5 The members required training on boat operations and mending. net

5.4.6 Government should update processor for value addition areas for getting more price for these products. 58

5.4.7 NFPDB should also help in expanding inland market for fish products other than the conventional products. 5.4.8 All the associations work towards providing inputs to members, market information, conducting training & awareness programmes and representing members in various business meets, exhibitions, etc. 5.5 QUESTIONNAIRE NO. 4: ASSESSING THE INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING WORK The visits were undertaken to research institutes such as Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi; National Institute of Fisheries Post Harvest Technology and Training, Kochi; Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Vishakhapatnam and Kochi 5.5.1 The areas of work undertaken by these institutes are indicated below: CIFT undertakes training programme on sea food quality assurance, microbiological methods, value added products preparations, hygienic handling of fish, fabrication of nets, training on responsible fishing, etc. 5.5.2 The CIFT has also developed value added products such as fish pickles, cutlets, fingers, papads, etc. It has also developed technologies for fish smoking, fish drying, equipment for deboning, etc. 5.5.3 CMFRI conducts training progrmme on marine cage culture, mariculture of sea weeds, oysters, methods in marine fisheries, etc. 5.5.4 CMFRI also has post graduate and PhD programmes. 5.5.5 NIFPHATT conducts training on value addition, development of products, training for processing and refrigeration technicians, etc. 5.5.6 The institutes suggested that there is tremendous scope for introduction of ice boxes to traditional fishermen, training fisher women in the use of meat mincers and assisting SHGs in setting up of modern retail outlets. 5.5.7 CIFT has developed compact thermacol baskets for retail fish vendors. 5.5.8 The institutes are in position to give training to the fishermen, fish processors and technicians in various facets of processing. The institute stated that domestic standards for processed/unprocessed product need to be developed.

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5.6

QUESTIONNAIRE NO. 5: DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES OF STATE FISHERIES DEPARTMENTS AND CORPORATIONS:

5.6.1 The state fisheries departments/Govt official of five states were visited to know there Programmes. Following is the gist of important programmes undertaken by them.

A)

Department of Fisheries, Andhra Pradesh: The important objectives of department are as follows: Increase fish production and ensure sustainable development Develop fisheries value chain and boost exports. Promote investment to create infrastructure. Promote welfare of fishers. Set up institutions to build skills. Significant contribution: The Fisheries sector is contributing 2.39% to the Gross State Domestic Product (2008-09). The quantity of fish / prawn produced is 12.52 lakh tons(102%) against the target of 12.20 lakh tons during the year 2008-09. It is aimed to produce 16 lakh tonnes of fish/ prawn by 2011-12. The state is contributing about Rs 2500 Crores by way of marineexports, which is nearly 40% of the marine exports from India. Schemes: NFDB Assistance for Fish seed stocking in tanks above 40 Ha Motorization of traditional crafts Coastal Security for Marine Fishermen Construction of Houses to Fishermen Group Accident Insurance scheme Relief cum Savings scheme Assistance to SC & ST Fishermen Construction of Community Halls for Marine & Inland fishermen Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana Construction of fish ponds Revolving fund to Fisherwomen (Matsya Mitra Groups) Construction of Fish Markets Mobile fish vending units Department of Fisheries, Maharashtra: Assistance for construction of brakish water shrimp farms Assistance to brakish water fish farmers training Leasing of Fish tanks Establishment of Fish seed farms Development of Fresh Water Prawn Culture Western Maharashtra Development Programme 60

B)

C)

Reservoir fish seed stocking Assistance for Mobile fish vending Department of Fisheries, Gujarat: Activities: Smart Card Diesel Subsidy Scheme Village Pond Lease New Reservoir Leasing Policy Aquarium for General Public & School Children Fish Seed Production Development of Fresh water Aquaculture through FFDA,s Centrally Sponsored Schemes Reservoir Fisheries Development Project Programmes and Schemes: Development of landing and berthing facilities to facilitate landing of fish catch in a hygienic condition.

Marine Sector : Infrastrucure Oriented Providing dredging facility at minor ports Construction of Break water walls at fishery harbours Fishery Terminals Strengthening of Fisheries Co-Operatives (NCDC Sponsored) Providing water supply to jakhau Fishery Harour (Kachchh District) Marine Schemes Beneficiary Oriented Subsidy on Modern Equipment Mechanisation of Fishing Crafts Mechanisation of Traditional Fishing Crafts [50% Centrally Sponsored] Inland Sector : Project Oriented Extablishment of Scampi Hatchery Establishment of Scampi/Ornamental and Exotic hatcheries Establishment of Demonstrative Aquarium at Kankariya Ahmedabad City Inland Sector : Beneficiary Oriented Indian Major Carp [IMC] fish seed production & Culture Fish Farmers Development Agencies [CSS] Reservoir Development Brackish Water Aquaculture Brackish Water Fisheries Other Schemes Extension and Training Programmes Fishermen Welfare - Accedental Insurance [Centrally Sponsored] Housing to the Fishermen [Centrally Sponsored] Department of Fisheries, West Bengal: 61

D)

State Fisheries Development Corporation Limited (SFDC) : 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. E) 1. (a) (i) (ii) (b) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (d) (i) (e) (i) (ii) (iii) 2. (a) (i) (ii) (iii) (b) Sewage Projects Nalban Fisheries Project Kolkata Goltala Fisheries Project,South 24 Pagans Brakish Water Fisheries Project Alampore Fisheries Project. UNDP Fisheries Project. Digha Brackish Water Fisheries Project. Freserguni Fisheries Project. Henrys Island Fisheries Project-sector-A Henrys Island Fisheries Project-sector-B Hatchery Jamuna Dighi Fish Seed Hatchary. Krisna Badh Fisheries Project. Hinglow Reservoir Fisheries. Department of Fisheries, Kerala Development Programmes The chief development programmes of the Department are: State Sector Programmes Conservation Programmes Enforcement of KMFR act & Sea Rescue operation Ranching and Backwater patrolling Marine Fisheries Bankable Scheme for input distribution Kerosene distribution system Inland Fisheries Reservoir fisheries Integrated prawn culture in Pokkali fields Fish seed farms, Nurseries and hatcheries Integrated scampi/ fish culture in Kole lands of Thrissur and paddy lands of Kuttanadu Infrastructure Development programmes Development of coastal social infrastructure facilities- Fisheries roads, dispensaries, guide lights and mobile health units Research and Extension Mussel/ oyster and crab culture Extension and training Projects, Resource, Management and Statistical cell Centrally sponsored schemes Marine Fisheries Motorisation of country craft Introduction of intermediate craft Distribution of suitable implements of fishing gear Inland Fisheries 62

(i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii) (iii)

FFDA BFFDA Infrastructure development Fishery Harbour Modernization of Fishery harbour Landing center for traditional fishermen Welfare Schemes The various Welfare Schemes for Fishermen executed by the department are as follows:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 5.7

Housing Scheme (50% CSS) Savings Cum Relief Scheme (50% CSS) Educational Concession to the Children of Fishermen Fisheries Roads Drinking Water Supply Scheme Sea Ranching Ranching of open water bodies Fisheries Dispensaries Matsya Bhavan Fish landing centres Fisheries schools QUESTIONNAIRE NO. 6 MARKET ASSESMENT / FORWARD LINKAGE For studying the marketing requirements for fresh, processed fish and fishery products, we gathered information from processors and retailer. The findings of survey are as follows:

5.7.1 The processors have an established relationship with the overseas buyers either through direct contact or through the agents. The buyers through their agents conduct organoleptic tests to assess the quality of fish/fishery products and determine the rate. 5.7.2 Any loss due to rejections at client site is negotiated between both the parties. 5.7.3 In this context, processors have expressed that good forward linkage infrastructure such as availability of adequate number of plug points for containers, facility for speedy loading of containers, should be made available to them. 5.7.4 The processors have stated that the interest subvention schemes may be extended by another few years as the industry is going through difficult phase. The government should also subsidize the rental cost of containers which are on the rise. 5.7.5 The processors have stated that the Government should help processors in terms of expanding market and marketing 63

opportunities like signing bilateral agreements with other countries, arranging exhibitions and promotional activities in other countries. 5.7.6 The retail fish vendors stated that due to lack of facilities they have to sell the fish under unhygienic conditions. They further informed that Government should provide adequate water for washing/dressing of fish, good quality of ice for reducing spoilage during sells and also for storing unsold fishes. 5.7.7 The retailers also want the Government to construct modern fish markets, which will have adequate power, properly designed selling platforms, separate cleaning and waste disposal facilities, proper ventilation and cold storage facilities. 5.7.8 The Government can construct the market with individual units/ shops having common facilities like canteen, rest rooms and rent these units to the retailers on annual basis. The retailer mentioned that they are willing to pay extra charges for such a facility provided quality market is established. 5.7.9 Retailers also stated that the government may provide incentives for purchase of small deep freezers and refrigerated display units. This would enable them to store and sell value added fishery product.

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CHAPTER 6 NFPDB- SWOT ANALYSIS AND KEY FACTORS FOR SUCCESS OF THE BOARD AND ENIVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES 6.1 SWOT ANALYSIS

6.1.1 STRENGTHS: The board will benefit all the major fish producing and fish processing states which need strong infrastructure facilities. Some major marine fish producing states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala etc have strong fish processing set up. The other aquaculture states like West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa can be a major source of raw material required for the fish processing industry. The board may help to develop backward linkages. The board will assist to develop skills by providing training to technical and skilled manpower required by fish processing industry. There is a huge scope for processed fish in the domestic retail markets. At present there is no organized retail fish marketing format in the country. An independent, financially viable and industry-driven board which is suitably backed by the Government will help to place the branded Indian fish/fishery products on the global trade map. The demand for fish/fishery products in the country is increasing steadily and has an excellent potential for future growth. The large and growing urban middle and upper middle class of India is financially strong and can afford to spend money on high value processed fish products. WEAKNESSES : As mentioned earlier, there are several constraints with regard to production, productivity and quality of captured as well as cultured fish required for processing and value addition for domestic and export markets.

6.1.2

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The standards for quality of processed fishery products have not been well established. Proper standards for labeling are also not available. The fish farmers/fishermen as well as the middlemen and end retailers involved in the trade are mostly illiterate, it is important to introduce the importance of hygienic handling right from the production stage itself. Only then the success in value addition in the end product will be ensured. There are no organized and coherent efforts in the country to formulate and implement policies for the processed fish/fishery products for domestic markets. A separate national fish processing development board is required on a priority basis. Efforts are lacking at the national level to coordinate all activities and programs for production, processing, handling, packaging and marketing of fishery products for the domestic and international markets. An independent national board is therefore necessary. OPPORTUNITIES:

6.1.3

The domestic food consumption pattern is changing rapidly towards ready to cook/ready to eat products. At present fish in these forms is non-existent. A systematic development of the industry by NFPDB will help the consumers, fish producers and the processors alike. A firm and well developed policy and its implementation to establish standards for quality of fish/processed fishery products as well as a Market Access Program (MAP), as described in this report, will be a real opportunity to establish the Indian fish/fishery products industry in the international market. Fish produced from aquaculture is entirely sold in fresh/iced form. These are the varieties where there exists scope for research in processing and value addition. There is an urgent need to address the issue so that the country does not lag behind in competition from cheaper products. Production and exports from this important employment generative industry would give a fillip to increase Indias foreign exchange earnings. Due to value addition, fish farmers and fishermen across the country will receive remunerative prices for their produce.

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6.1.4

THREATS : The Indian retail departmental stores is already having ready to eat imported processed fishery products such as canned Tuna, Salmon etc. If India is not geared to meet the international competition there is increased threat from such products flooding the Indian markets. The marine fish catch is stagnating. Therefore it is imperative to utilize maximum amount of available resource with minimum wastage.

6.2

KEY FACTORS FOR THE SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT: These are :

A quick action by the Central Government to establish the NFPDB. Required facilitation by the Government to NFPDB by amending the existing laws/acts and providing initial financial support to the NFPDB. It can then work as an independent, autonomous and industry-driven national board. NFPDB initiating quick action to promote close liaison with the Government and concerned stake holders to formulate suitable policies and programs. NFPDB to implement these quickly to boost the fish production and fish processing industry, get the industry ready for domestic markets as also for export markets. ENIVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES The project is for establishment of NFPDB. The major activities in this project are : Production, processing, preservation and marketing of fish and fishery products

6.2

So far as fish cultivation is concerned, this activity is taken at the farmer- level. There are no threats of environmental pollution. However rare occurrences of disease is a possibility. As regards the fish from capture area like rivers and reservoirs, the catch is negligible and mainly for sustainable basis. Regarding marine capture fisheries, all the maritime states have a well defined Marine Fisheries Regulation Act which includes concrete measures like closed season, mesh size regulations, distance regulations for different type of fishing vessels etc. In the processing of fish, the concerned units will have ETPs to take care of environmental pollution problem. Therefore, there would be no environmental pollution from this activity. 67

So far as social issues are concerned, the activity is mostly in rural and semi urban areas and hence there is no danger of migration of people from rural to urban areas. In fact the industry provides a good potential for livelihood opportunities in rural areas. The project would provide considerable opportunity for employment and income to the rural people, concerned stakeholders and other people engaged in the ancillary industry and services sector connected with the fishery industry.

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CHAPTER 7 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL FISH PROCESSING DEVELOPMENT BOARD (NFPDB) 7.1 BACKGROUND AND NECESSITY FOR ESTABLISHING A NEW BOARD FOR FISH MEAT/ PROCESSED FISH PRODUCTS SECTOR: The NFPDB will be an autonomous development agency to be promoted by the Government of India under the MOFPI, New Delhi. The NFPDB will work as a facilitator to ensure the smooth and orderly development of the Indian fish meat / processed fish products sector. India, with its 7,500 km long coastline and an exclusive economic zone of 2.02 million square km; 191,024 km of rivers & canals and 4.4 million hectares of reservoirs and fresh water lakes has an enormous potential for fisheries. Fish processing in India is done almost entirely for export. Open sun dried fish and fish meal are the only major exceptions. At present India has freezing units, - cold stores, - ice plants, canning units and fish meal plants. Capacity of most of these processing and storage units is very low when compared to the facilities in fish processing industry in technologically advanced countries. The total fish processing and storage facilities in India are grossly inadequate compared to the potential for fish production and processing. Barely five per cent of India's seafood export is in processed form. Most of the export in the form of frozen fish. The Indian brand does not exist in markets of advanced countries. In fact, more than 60 per cent of India's exports to south-east Asia are re-exported after processing. In view of the above facts and the vast potential for fish processing industry to cater to the domestic market and supplement the existing export of processed sea food, the Ministry has decided to constitute a National Fish Processing Development Board (NFPDB). 7.2 SCOPE AND ACTIVITIES OF THE NFPDB In view of the above mentioned issues, there is an urgent need to set up a National Fish Processing and Development Board (NFPDB) to take a comprehensive action plan to overcome above mentioned problems and create infrastructure facilities to ensure land progress of Fish production / processing sector. The underlining principles and purposes to establish the NFPDB: 69

The proposed board will be a dynamic, progressive organization promoted by the Government of India. It will take up plans and measures so that, in long run, it will be an autonomous and financially viable and development oriented agency The Board will work as a facilitator to ensure smooth and orderly development of the national fish processing / fish products processing/ marketing sector of the industry in the country for taking comprehensive measures for quality and value added fish/ processed fish products for domestic and export markets. The board will be constituted in collaboration with Union and State Governments, fish producers, processors, exporters, marketing agencies, associations and other related stake holders who would participate in developing and implementing the programs of the sector with both physical and financial involvements. OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NFPDB : Objectives :

7.3

The proposed board will be a dynamic, progressive, financially viable and development oriented agency promoted by Ministry of Food Processing Industries. The board is intended to work as a facilitator to ensure smooth and orderly development of the Sector of the Industry in the country for taking comprehensive measures for quality and value added fish/ processed fish products for domestic and export market. It will focus on Research & Development, Extension, Quality upgradation, Market Research and Information, Domestic and Export market for fish/ processed fish products. It will provide industry linked services including quality testing and certification, consultancy and support to the start up companies in the area of fish/ fish products processing. To facilitate capacity building programs to develop trained and skilled manpower required for the industry. Promote, and establish the linkages between the R & D Institutions/ laboratories and Industry with specific emphasis on experimental or theoretical research findings which have the potential for the fish processing industry to improve process efficiency, enhance product quality and, extend shelf-life of fresh and processed fish products.

70

Promote safe & hygienic production of fish processed products at par with international standards. Promote and train producers, manufacturers, entrepreneurs to adopt Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (HACCP) in production. Regulate the production of fish and processed fish products in the country and promote single window service to producers, manufacturers and exporters of fish and processed fish products. The board will be constituted in collaboration with Union and State Governments, fish producers, processors, exporters, marketing agencies, associations and other related stake holders who would participate in developing and implementing the programs for fish processing sector. Proposed Functions of the NFPDB: It is envisaged that the NFPDB will have following functions:

Promote, establish, manage modern fish meat/ fish products processing plants for fish meat/ processed fish products production in India in furtherance of Government's policy. It will help promote exports & domestic sale of fish meat/ processed fish products with specific emphasis to improve the sanitary & hygienic conditions for their production. Initiate, facilitate rearing/ production of highly productive fishes emphasizing backward linkages for fish meat/ processed fish products production. Promote, establish, manage fish markets, to promote domestic sale of fish Meat/ processed fish products. Promote safe & hygienic production of fish meat & processed fish products at par with the international standards including sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) requirements, transparency in the international and national standards, and global trade without any discrimination. Promote fish/ aqua-culture health synchronization with OIE guidelines. requirements in

Regulate the production of fish meat and processed fish products in the country and promote a single window service to producers, manufacturers and exporters of fish meat and processed fish products. Promote and train fish meat producers, manufacturers, entrepreneurs to adopt Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), 71

Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (HACCP), ISO-9001:2000 in fish meat/ processed fish products production. Create facilities to utilize the waste material from fish markets/ processing houses to prepare fish by-products with value addition. To work as a dynamic, progressive and financially viable nodal and autonomous development agency promoted by the MOFPI, Government of India for the development of fish meat/ processed fish products sector. To work as a facilitator to ensure smooth and orderly development of the fish meat/ processed fish products industry in the country for taking comprehensive measures leading to quality production of fish meat/ processed fish products and value added products for the domestic and export market. To ensure, as and when required, the necessary participation of government agencies and R & D institutions, Agricultural Universities, fish meat/ fish product producers, exporters and other entrepreneurs. To undertake national level planning and policy measures for the development of the fish meat/ processed fish products industry. To help the existing research organizations to carry out required applied research in production of fish meat/ processed fish products and help in processing and marketing of fish meat/ processed fish products for the overall benefits of fish meat/ processed fish products industry of India. To promote the co-operative efforts among the fish growers, and processors of fish meat/ processed fish products and encourage contract farming and buy-back arrangements. To undertake research and development work with the assistance of the existing institutions on the new technology for production of highly productive fish/aqua-culture for fish meat production and for modernization of process technologies for fish meat/ processed fish products. To conduct training programs with the help of existing and new training institutions for the development of skilled personnel for production, processing and export of fish meat/ processed fish products. To help the producers, processors and exporters to achieve the desired quality standards for fish meat/ processed fish products and fish byproducts.

72

To assist the fish meat/ processed fish products industry to develop appropriate extension/ education programs for farmerproducers, meat processors and meat consumers in the country. To establish Universities, departments, private sector co-ordination and liaison with the Agricultural R&D institutes, Central and State government other relevant institutes, development boards, industry etc.

To suggest suitable changes/ modifications in existing policies and other regulations for taxation/excise on fish meat/ processed fish products and fish by -products and take suitable measures to implement the policies. To suggest suitable measures for collection of required statistical/market data on fish meat production, processing, domestic and international markets /prices and establish Market Intelligence Service for the stakeholders in the fish meat / processed fish products industry. To assist exporters to develop export of fish meat/ processed fish products and fish by-products and if necessary carry out domestic and international market surveys to seek the potentials available in new markets for fish meat / processed fish products. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE NFPDB: The detailed programs will be prepared by the NFPDB in consultation with the advisory committees and board members and other stake holders in the fish meat/ processed fish products and fish by-products industry on the objectives and functions of the board enumerated above. After the programs are approved by the NFPDB, the board will work out annual action programs to implement the desired activities.

7.4

7.4.1 Monitoring and Evaluation of the NFPDB Schemes: Regular in-house monitoring of each program will be undertaken to review the progress and initiate suitable midterm corrective actions so that the programs are successfully implemented. At the end of the programs, final Monitoring and Evaluation report will be prepared by the board and presented to the Board members. 7.4.2 Suggested Programs for the NFPDB: The following programs can be undertaken by the NFPDB. The list is indicative and not comprehensive. Necessary changes will be carried out by the Board depending upon the felt-need, development requirements, new emerging situations etc. Programs for Infrastructure Development: 73

Strengthening backward linkages with the producers of fish meat and processed fish products and fish byproducts. Facilitate procuring land for the mega-projects Assisting to create facility for water, power and fuel. Facilitate purchase of domestic and imported machinery and equipment. Assist purchase of appropriate packaging material and machinery. Assist transportation of the material to the domestic and international market. Guidance for setting up of fish products ancillary industries. Assist to establish projects for demonstration and hands-on training to prospective producers/ entrepreneurs. Assist the industry to establish self-sustainable/viable commercial projects on fish meat, processed fish products and fish byproducts. Programs for Quality Up-gradation: Establishing quality control laboratory. Establishing analytical laboratories. Up-grading skills of the staff engaged in quality control/ analytical work. Programs for Marketing : Conducting market surveys in domestic and International markets. Conducting feasibility studies for new innovative projects. Gathering information on domestic and international prices, on a regular basis. Dissemination of market intelligence data. Networking of concerned institutions. Study and tasting of products for acceptability of the products by consumers.

Assisting the concerned line ministries in the central government and state governments for undertaking market surveillance for checking of quality of fish meat/ processed fish products and fish byproducts 74

Assisting the concerned line ministries in the central government and state governments for undertaking market surveillance for fish diseases and providing guidance for their prevention and control. Developing infrastructure for transportation of fish meat/ processed fish products and fish by-products ( e. g. containers, air/sea cargo facilities etc) Establishing liaison with Govt. of India on WTO related issues affecting the fish meat/ processed fish products industry, including anti-dumping issues. Addressing policy issues concerning the fish meat/ processed fish products industry with MOA, MPEDA, APEDA and Ministry of Food Processing Industry, GOI and formulating the concerned plans and implementing them for the benefit of the fish meat/ processed fish products and byproducts Industry. Programs for Training and Extension : Training of producers/entrepreneurs/exporters Training of laboratory staff Training of marketing staff Training of R & D staff Preparation of training material (newsletters, pamphlets, films etc.) Participating in domestic and international exhibitions. Conducting consumer awareness programs regarding fish meat/ processed fish products as nourishing health products. Assisting existing organizations for conducting EDP training for entrepreneurs and training of trainers for the training institutes Providing performance awards for successful entrepreneurs Providing technical assistance for starting demonstration farms with new technological innovations for the benefit of producers/ entrepreneurs. Programs for Research and Development: The NFPDB will establish liaison with the concerned institutions in the country for the following. Setting up R & D Laboratory and Analytical Laboratory facilities.

75

Public awareness program through audio-visual media (Radio, TV, Press) Liaison with the State/Central Governments, ICAR, and other institutions, national and international developmental agencies. Arranging visits of overseas buyers. Arranging visits of Indian producers, entrepreneurs, and exporters abroad. Providing technical consultants for projects/functions Assistance for obtaining institutional finance Facilitate services of international management of feasibility study, etc. consultants for projects,

Helping, if necessary, to import productive breeding stocks of fish/suitable aqua-culture species for improved fish meat production, required fish seed, fish feed, chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides for fish/aqua culture production, machinery and equipment to improve technology of fish meat and processed fish products including packaging material etc. Addressing policy issues of fish meat/processed fish products development and seeking solutions from the concerned institutions Facilitating setting up of a common window approach to providing required clearances and facilities speedily to the fish/aqua-culture growers, entrepreneurs, and fish meat/fish products and fish byproducts processors interested to set up their units. Assisting to provide common marketing facility and infrastructure for the benefit of growers, entrepreneurs, processors, etc. interested to set up their units in contract systems under vertical integration programs. MAJOR MISSIONS AND GOALS OF THE NFPDB : The NFPDB would be a dynamic, independent and financially viable organization taking innovative approaches. To meet these objectives it is recommended that it should invest and realize excellent returns through:

7.5

Providing certification for ''Quality" according to the required standard specifications for domestic and international marketing of fish meat/ processed fish products and fish by-products. If necessary, it will help the Government to define such standards and labels for the products. 76

Research, Development and Extension services for the fish meat/ processed fish products and processed fish by-products industry. On going research and development for production and marketing of 'Quality' fish meat/ processed fish products and fish byproducts for domestic and international markets The NFPDB will function as a dynamic, autonomous, financially viable and independent organization. It will develop its own sources of revenue so that in the long run, the board will not be required to depend on the Government for providing financial support on a continuing basis. LOCATION OF THE NFPDB : 7.6.1. Head Office: The NFPDB will have close liaison with fish product processing and Exporting companies. These companies have their head offices located at Mumbai. Similarly Mumbai is the major international airport and sea port in India where major exports are concentrated. Therefore it is proposed that head-office of the NFPDB should be located at Mumbai. 7.6.2 Regional Offices: The major field activity of the NFPDB will be in the regions where there is a large fish/ aqua-culture production and a strong consumer demand for fish meat/ processed fish products and byproducts. Therefore, to facilitate the action programs in the field, six regional offices are proposed to cover the following regions:

7.6

Northern region Central region Southern region Western region Eastern Region North Eastern region Suitable location of regional offices may be decided by the NFPDB in due course.

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7.7

REGISTRATION OF THE NFPDB: It is proposed that the NFPDB may work under the MOFPI for first 5 years. After it is properly established, it may function as an independent autonomous organization. The Board may be set up as a Society under Society Registration Act 1860, and as a Trust under Bombay Charitable Trust Act 1950 ( If Head office of Board is to be set up in Mumbai) so that it works as an autonomous body and has a greater freedom for work.

7.8

CONSTITUTION OF THE NFPDB: It is proposed that the board of the NFPDB may consist of 19 members, as given below:
Table 14 : Member of the NFPDB

In order to have a dynamic and self supporting institution with an industry driven approach, it is recommended that the Chairman of the Board should be a progressive professional from the fish processing industry. Since the NFPDB will be initially funded for 5 years from the grants provided by the MOFPI, it is proposed that for the first 5 years, the NFPDB may be managed and supervised and provided with budget grant from the MOFPI. During this period, the board will be under the control and overall guidance of the MOFPI and the members of the board may be nominated by the Central Government under the 78

recommendations of the MOFPI. Afterwards, the members of the board may be nominated / elected as per provisions of rules under the Society Registration Act 1860, under which the NFPDB will be finally constituted and it should be an independent board with an industry driven approach. 7.9 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NFPDB: The board will be managed independently under the overall control and supervision of the CEO, who will be a full-time employee of the board. The NFPDB Head Office Divisions: (1) (i) Fish/Aqua-culture Production Division Comprising Two Departments Department of Capture Fish Production and Marketing :- All aspects concerning growth, production and marketing of fish for increasing the availability of fish meat. Department of Aqua-Culture Production and Marketing :- All aspects concerning growth, production and marketing of aqua-culture for increasing the availability of fish and other similar meat (prawns, mollusks etc). Fish/Aqua-culture Infrastructure Division Comprising of Two Departments Department of Infrastructure for Processing and Marketing fish meat/ processed fish products for human consumption Department of Infrastructure for Processing and Marketing of fish by-products and other value added products from fish slaughter/ inedible fish waste etc. Administration and Planning Division: It will have following four departments: Administration and Accounts Department Planning, Development Department HRD and Training Department Board Secretariat

(ii)

(2) (i) (ii)

(iii)

Each of the above departments will be headed by a General Manager who will be assisted by appropriate supporting staff. In 79

the regional offices, the above mentioned activities will be headed by Managers. The estimated capital investment to establish the offices and requirement and recurring costs on manpower, establishment etc. is given in the Annexure - I. 7.10 CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND REVENUE FOR THE NFPDB: 7.10.1 Capital Investment: (a) (b) (c) Initial Capital Investment (Grant) from Govt. of India (MOFPI) to set up the NFPDB. Initial recurring costs for 5 years to be provided as a grant by the Government of India (MOFPI). Afterwards the NFPDB is expected to start generating its own revenue. SOURCES OF INCOME AND

7.10.2 Sources of Revenue For the NFPDB: The possible sources of revenue generated on a long-term basis will be as under. These sources of revenue are indicative. They may be modified / changed as the Board starts functioning and develops the experience in the sector. They will be as under: Initial registration fees from fish meat/ fish products processors at new and established places of processing. Renewal of registration fees from producers of fish meat/ processed fish products and fish byproducts for certification for fish meat/ fish products/ fish byproducts and label standards Recurring cess / fee on fish meat/ processed fish products produced at the new and established processing plants. Fees for certification of fish meat/ fish products/fish byproducts for 'quality' Fees on certification of fish meat/ processed fish products/ fish byproducts for 'standards and labels'. Registration fees from importers of fish meat/ processed fish products/ fish byproducts. Registration fees from Hotels using imported fish meat/ processed fish products for human consumption. Income from publication of Newsletters, pamphlets, brochures. 80

Income from conducting technical and other business seminars. Income from study tours of Indian entrepreneurs. Income from buyer / seller meets, Income from farmers' seminars Income from Tie-ups Income from techno / financial consultations Income from equity participation in projects

7.11 SPECIFIC ACTION PLAN FOR THE MOFPI (NODAL AGENCY) TO SET UP THE NFPDB The MOFPI would take the following steps for the establishment of the NFPDB: To establish an independent office (task force ) within the MOFPI for day to day administration and to shoulder the all required activities to initiate formation of the NFPDB To establish a suitable small advisory/ working group to undertake reviews and suggest action to be taken in a time bound manner. The group may consist of members from other local Ministries (MOC, MOA, MO Health). To prepare a draft on 'Articles' and 'Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the NFPDB, circulate the same to other ministries for their suggestions. To take the required action to amend and make modifications in the existing Act or create a new Act for the establishment of the NFPDB, if necessary, and initiate all required actions to get the same approved from appropriate administrative and legal authorities. The important requirements to ensure the financial viability/ sustainability of the NFPDB : through the following measures The Act will ensure that entrepreneurs will have to obtain a quality certification before the fish meat/ processed fish products/ fish byproducts can be sold in domestic and international markets. The Act will make the 'Quality certification' mandatory for all Indian producers, exporters of fish meat/ processed fish products and by-products and sold in the domestic market and for exports. To make provision in the Act to enable the NFPDB to collect registration/ certification fees as mentioned above. 81

To prepare a budget including proposed initial capital grant, recurring expenditure, revenue etc. for the establishment of NFPDB and get the same approved by the concerned authorities. The MOFPI will publish notification on the formation and registration of the NFPDB MOFPI will manage, supervise and guide the NFPDB for the first 3 years. During the period, the MOFPI will nominate the members of the board of NFPDB. Afterwards, the MOFPI will continue to guide the board to prepare policies and action programs and for the required collaboration of the board with the other line ministries of the central and state Governments. The MOFPI will guide the NFPDB to take action in accordance with the scheduled programs which will be divided into tasks which can be performed in 2 phases, viz. Short Term Plan- up to the first 5 years (2010-2015) and a Long Term Plan- up to the year 2025. SHORT AND LONG TERM ACTION PLAN FOR THE NFPDB The NFPDB will have to adopt a multi-pronged strategy to achieve various objectives, goals and programs mentioned in the earlier paragraphs. Accordingly it will undertake short term (first 5 years2010 to 2015) and long term action plan (up to the year 2025). The recommended course of action for the NFPDB will be as under: Short Term Plan:

7.12

a)

To formulate and implement appropriate policies and programs for meat production, processing, marketing and exports of fish meat/ processed fish products and processed fish byproducts for five years, with an industry-driven approach. To define and develop standards of different classes of meat of fish/ aqua culture, processed products and byproducts for domestic and export markets To initiate action so that the NFPDB has the required legal power and provisions to enable it to collect the registration membership fees and other fees/cess etc from the producers, exporters, importers, traders etc as mentioned above. To establish liaison with the concerned ministries of the Govt. of India, State Governments, Research Institutions and other stake holders in the Indian fish meat and processed fish products industry. To set up a world class support system to provide professional advice to growers of fish/ aqua-culture for fish/ aqua-culture 82

b)

c)

d)

e)

meat production and to the processors of products. f)

fish/ processed fish

To oversee all matters pertaining to market and product identification, market surveys, procurement of good quality fish/aqua-culture breeding stocks, and extension education of fish/ aqua-culture growers, fish meat producers/processors of fish products and fish meat/ processed fish products consumers. To assist the development of education and training programs for fish/ aqua-culture growers, fish meat/ fish product and byproduct processors and other stake holders. To rationalize the structure of taxes and duties on fish meat, processed fish products and by-products. The fish meat/ processed fish product industry may linked with the welfare of a large number of farmers. The Government may rationalize taxes for this industry so that they are in line with the other allied sectors of the agricultural industry. The MOFPI/NFPDB should take up the matter with appropriate ministries in the Govt. of India, on an urgent basis to rationalize taxes all over the country so that fish meat/ processed fish products could be sold at uniform prices throughout the country. To take immediate steps to increase availability of fish meat and processed fish products to the general public by ensuring production, processing and marketing of fish meat/ processed fish products in shops/ by street hawkers in a clean and hygienic and sanitary conditions allowing vending through shops, malls, super bazaars etc on a license from the Health Department. This recommendation is in line with the recommendations of the working group constituted by the food processing ministry, 1999. To initiate action to assign priority status to the fish meat/ processed fish products industry in a fashion similar to the horticulture and horticulture-based industries as is done by the Govt. of India, and promote the industry since it is linked with the welfare of a large number of poor unorganized farmers in the rural areas for whom fish production is a major source of income and employment. To liberalize the licensing policies so as to facilitate creation of capacities that are economically viable and can meet the global challenge in 'quality', 'acceptability' and 'cost-competitiveness'. To adopt 'Single Window Clearance' for all new projects on processing of fish meat/ processed fish products and fish byproducts. The NFPDB should direct different state governments to initiate steps for a 'single-window clearance' for all new units in areas such as required clearances/licenses, the NOCs, facility for land, electricity, water, telephone, approach roads, sales tax, excise duty, export inspection, etc. 83

g)

h)

i)

j)

k)

l)

Long Term Plan a) In the long term, establish a National Fish Meat/ Processed Fish Products Institute for production, processing, marketing and exports of fish meat. / processed fish products. The Institute to undertake academic training programs, short term hands-down and refresher programs for development of skilled staff and manpower and research and development on all aspects of the fish meat/ processed fish products sector. Initiate a public awareness program to establish credibility and influence in national and international forums on the technical, social and economic role of good quality hygienic fish meat as a nutritious and balanced human food in society. Also initiate steps to influence the public leaders and policy makers to allow responsible positioning of fish meat as a valuable component of a healthy lifestyle. Providing I. T. solutions for the following: Supply chain management solution to fish/ aqua-culture growers, fish meat/ fish product processors, marketing channels, exporters etc. Creating a powerful Fish Meat and Processed Fish Products Development and Marketing Exchange -a platform through which growers and producers would be able to buy and sell efficiently. Extension work through video-streaming enabling on-farm presentations of produce as well as instant, real-time advice to the fish / aqua culture growers/ processors through experts. Setting up a real-time market intelligence operation to help f ish/ aqua-culture growers and processors to ascertain prices and situations worldwide, thereby assisting in quick and accurate decision making. Technology adoption for encouraging and assisting the establishment of regionally based, self supporting networks, focused on performance improvement and regional development of fish meat/ processed fish products industry.

b)

c)

d)

The ability of the fish meat/ processed fish products industry to become a predominant and successful player in the expanding international fish meat/processed fish products market. This is the principal strategy for the meat industry being developed by the developed countries. For example, the Australian and New Zealand Meat Boards, Egg Boards in USA, UK and Canada. National Dairy development Board in India. 84

e)

Most of the existing fresh fish selling places are managed and controlled by the public sector organizations such as the municipal councils, the Jilha Parishads etc. However, for any such national strategy to be effective, it is going to take the full cooperation and support of the leadership of the business community, namely the private sector, government or public sector organizations and Chambers of Commerce, to generate private sector support and Public/Private Sector Partnerships (PPPs) for the implementation of the strategy for development of the fish meat/ processed fish products industry. The success of such a plan on the international front will require the backing and support of the various government agencies those are responsible for promoting agriculture and exports and the development of markets abroad. The ever-widening access to information of interest to all sectors of the fish meat/ processed fish products industry via the Internet and the proliferation of Web sites introducing and promoting the sale of products to new and larger consumer audiences / markets will open up innovative and cost effective opportunities for economic growth of the industry, The NFPDB should introduce this approach to help the board to compete successfully in the international market. Steps to be initiated toward the formation of large foreign fish meat conglomerate suppliers. They have facility to offer products and the ability provided by the Internet to track on demand and supply on day-to-day basis, on the levels of fish meat production, availability and sales worldwide. They will be in a position to act quickly to purchase and market competitively-priced fish meat/ processed fish products, in retail and bulk supplies. They will exploit the market opportunities anywhere in the world. All this is being managed through computerized transactions. The NFPDB can utilize this tool to increase internal and external trade of fish meat/ processed fish products worldwide. In conclusion, the NFPDB should be a proactive and innovative organization which is able to anticipate and quickly respond to the changing needs of consumers and markets.

f)

g)

h)

7.13 PHYSICAL PROGRAM OF ITEMS TO BE TAKEN UP ON PRIORITY FOR 1 YEAR AND FOR 5 YEARS BY THE NFPDB: It is proposed that the NFPDB may initially concentrate on the physical program to provide infrastructure support for : (a) Establishment of new modern large, medium and small sized fish/ fish products processing plants. Wherever necessary, the facilities will also include processing of fish waste/ inedible fish for processing of dried fish meal with value addition. 85

(b) (c) (d)

Establishment of Small (mini) Rural fish markets for trading/sale of fish and other aqua-culture Establishment of Large Urban and metropolitan fish markets for trading/sale of fish and other aqua-culture Establishment of scheme for infrastructure facilities and assistance to fish meat shops, kiosks and the street hawkers for selling fish meat/processed fish products/ ready to eat fish products in clean and hygienic conditions Market Access Program (MAP) : It is an established practice in many developed countries to create MAP for the benefit of the industry. MAP is used to conduct surveys of potential markets, research and development, promotion and publicity, development of brand name and image in the domestic and international markets etc. MAP is a well articulated concept which is being used by the developed countries for promotion and development of the concerned industry. This concept has been used for many years in Australia, New Zealand etc (Australian and New Zealand Meat Boards, Australian wheat Board, Australian Wool Board etc) where the industry cess is used to provide matching grant by the Government to utilize the funds for MAP.

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CHAPTER 8 FINANCIAL OUTLAY FOR SETTING UP THE NFPDB 8.1 EVALUATION PARAMETERS FOR FINANCIAL VIABILITY We have taken into consideration following points determining the viability and feasibility of the board: 8.2 Cost of project and means of finance Financial projections. Conclusion. while

CAPITAL COST, RECURRING COSTS AND MEANS OF FINANCE TO SET UP NFPDB: National Fish Processing Development Board (NFPDB) will be Society incorporated under Society Registration Act, 1960. It will also be registered under Bombay Charitable Institution Act (if Registered Office is to be set up at Mumbai). The main objective of determining the financial viability is to show that the Board shall attain self sustainability over a longer period. Details of Cost of project and means of finance is as under ` in lacs TOTAL NON-RECURRING AND RECURRING COST AND GRANT REQUIRED FOR THE NFPDB
Table 15 : Total non-recurring and recurring cost and grant required for the NFPDB

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SOURCES OF FUNDS FOR THE NFPDB


Table 16 : Sources of funds for the NFPDB

8.2.1 Establishment of Offices The Board will have one head office and six regional offices.
Table 17 : Office Establishments

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In the first year of operation, Head Office will be initially set up. Head Office shall admeasure around 3000 sq.ft. and shall be set up at Mumbai. Three Regional Offices will be set up during the first year of operation. Regional Offices shall admeasure 2400 sq.ft. each. Further, three more regional offices shall be set up in the second year of operation. There shall be six quality control laboratories at each Regional Office. Machinery required for the laboratories shall also be provided. Machinery, office equipments and furniture etc. shall be procured as per the requirements of the office.

89

90

8.2.2 Preliminary and Pre-operative Costs Preliminary and Pre-operative costs to set up the Board is estimated as under
Table 19 : Preliminary and pre-operative costs

Capital cost of setting up the Board can be summarized as under


Table 20 : Capital costs Summery

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8.2.3 Recurring Costs The recurring expenditure is bifurcated as i) Salary expenses ii) Non-salary expenses. Board will have following hierarchy and their remuneration shall be as under Head Office : At Head Office, the CEO and assistant to look after overall management of the Board. At Head office, there would be two divisions viz. Fish products division and Fish Process and Research Division. Each having General Manager and assistants. There would be Accounts and Admin Manager, Planning & Development Manager and HRD Manager. Their proposed remuneration of Head office shall be as under
Table 21 : Proposed remunerations

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Two separate divisions are projected in Head office. Their strength and salary is as under
Table 22 : Projected strength and salary of head office divisions

The Head Office will provide direct employment to sixteen employees including CEO. Six Regional offices will have following manpower and their remuneration shall be as under
Table 23 : Manpower and remuneration of sixth regional offices

For all above employees, total salary, yearly increments, welfare and administrative expenses would be as under

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Table 24 : Total salary, yearly increment, welfare and administrative expenses

Other recurring administrative expenses of the Board would be as under


Table 25 : Recurring administrative expenses of the board

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Board is set up to provide services to fish processing and allied industry and in due course the Board is expected to earn revenue from providing consultation services, membership fees etc. 8.3 INCOME/REVENUE Income/Revenue generation is estimated as under : 1) Advice / consultancy to companies taking turn-key jobs for fish /fish products plants. 2) 3) 4) Market intelligence and data services. Training to fisher folk and industrialists. Publications of magazines and newsletters. 95

5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

Conducting business and technical seminars. Holding study tours. Buyer seller meetings. Tie ups with industries and fisherman and bankers. Income from quality control lab. Misc. other income.
Table 26 : Revenue generation and estimation

Details of revenue generation and their estimation will be as under:

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As regards the self sufficiency / sustainability of the board, following data is presented.
Table 27 : Self sufficiency/sustainability

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It is observed that in the sixth year, there is marginal deficit of ` 31.44 lac. After that, the Board will start generating revenue and attain its self sustainability / financial viability. CONCLUSION: Based on the above analysis the board is self sustainable and financially viable on a long term basis.

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CHAPTER 9 RECOMMENDATIONS 9.1 DEVELOPMENT OF FISH PRODUCTION/PROCESSED FISHERY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY FOR DOMESTIC RETAIL / INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

9.1.1 Production of fish: a) The marine capture fisheries is showing a stagnating trend. Increase in catch has to therefore come from alternative sources such as deep sea fisheries, aquaculture from freshwater and brakishwater resources, reservoirs and mariculture. For achieving this, NFPDB has to make suitable arrangements in consultation with other agencies such as NFDB, MPEDA, R & D institutions and state governments for increasing production. NFPDB on its part will play a pivotal role in disseminating the technology suitable for fish processing/ value addition and marketing of the products in domestic/ international markets. .(Action by NFPDB, NFDB MPEDA, ICAR with concerned state governments) NFPDB should also develop standards for Good Management Practices for production/ post-harvest management/ processing/ transportation and encourage all the stakeholders to use these standards. (Action by- NFPDB with concerned state governments) Marine fishery resources like Tuna is being harvested by the fishermen mostly by traditional and small mechanized boats. However they are not aware of handling the fish so as to produce high grade Tuna meat. The fishermen as well as the processors have to be trained to produce the Shasimi grade Tuna whish will fetch very high price in international market. (Action by - NFPDB and ICAR) Where a single specie like pangasius is cultivated on large scale as in Andhra Pradesh, the farmers have to be extensively trained on the production aspects so as to enable high grade value added products. (Action by - NFPDB and concerned state govts) Establishment of cold chain- The marine fish is landed at the jeties/coast by the traditional fishermen without icing thereby reducing the quality at the landing centre itself. NFPDB may take a massive programme in ensuring availability of ice and ice boxes to these fishermen. (Action by NFPDB, ICAR institutes and concerned state govts) Establishment of retail fish markets/ fish stores/ fish kiosks etc. Presently the fish markets across the country leave a lot to be 99

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

desired in term of hygienic handling and storage of fish/ cleaning of fish/ selling price of fish. An organized retail fish markets are needed across the country equipped with all the amenities, displaying the type of product, origin of product, price etc will encourage buyers to purchase fish without hesitation. NFPDB may assist the State Governments in consultation with ICAR institutes in preparing the model markets/ outlets. . (Action by NFPDB, ICAR institutes and concerned state govts) g) During specific periods of the year, there is glut in certain species like mackerel and sardines. These fish are well suited for valve added products like fish curries in retort pouches, canning in oil/ brine etc. NFPDB in association with the research institutes can identify similar species for value addition and train the small household units for preparing such products. (Action by NFPDB, ICAR institutes) Freshwater fish from surplus states like Andhra Pradesh is sent to Eastern and North Eastern States by packing in ice. The time taken is resulting in loss of quality. There is an immediate need to study the transportation system in this corridor and suggest detailed parameters for cost effective transportation. Value addition for these fishes will enhance the keeping quality as well as get remunerative prices for the fishermen. . (Action by NFPDB, ICAR institutes and concerned state govts) Due to small and scattered fish ponds in the eastern and north eastern region transportation is costly due to low volumes leading to distress sale by the farmers. There is need to develop a marketing network/ channel from production centres to towns/ urban areas. NFPDB in consultation with state governments to develop an incentivized marketing network. . (Action by NFPDB and concerned state govts)

h)

i)

9.1.2 Fishery product processing zones: There is not a single exclusive fishery product processing zone in the country on the basis of food parks and AEZ. In order to enable all the stakeholders to come together on a common platform for preparing various type of products there is a need to establish Fishery product processing Zones in selected pockets. NFPDB can lead the agencies and handhold the entrepreneurs and select areas for the same. NFPDB will also help in establishing the linkages required for the purpose. (Action by NFPDB, concerned state govts, MPEDA)

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9.2

MARKETING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS

9.2.1 Market Surveillance NFPDB along with the concerned state government should continuously provide information to fish farmers / fishermen/ processors on the supply /demand position and selling price of fish/fishery products. To facilitate this, MOFPI may consider providing funds to NFPDB to establish a Data Bank, on the basis of similar Data Bank provided by the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India (Action by -NFPDB) 9.2.2 Facilities for Domestic Marketing Possibilities should be explored for marketing of fish by establishing a contract farming system and firm tie-up arrangements between the producers and the processors so that both are benefited from this arrangement. NFPDB should help the fish producers and processors for this purpose. (Action by NFPDB & fish producers/ processors in the concerned states) 9.3.3 Eat fish for health awareness programme Efforts in relation to market awareness and promoting the health benefits of fish should be important agenda for NFPDB. Required efforts should be made in educating all the concerned stake holders. This will serve as the key for the successful implementation of its goal and objectives. (Action by NFPDB) 9.3.4 Processed Fishery products Promotion NFPDB will also play a very crucial role in bringing and supporting Indian processed fish on the international map. Along with MPEDA and MOFPI, NFPDB should develop a strategy and plan to promote and support processed fishery products from India. (Action by NFPDB/ MOFPI/MPEDA) 9.3.5 Market Access Program (MAP) A firm and well developed policy establish a Market Access Program products as described in this report, put the Indian fishery industry on NFPDB) and its implementation to (MAP) for processed fishery will be a real opportunity to the world map. (Action by

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