Real Time questions .. DATA DICTIONARY What is data Dictionary?

Data Dictionary is the central source of data in data management system. What is the difference between open sql & native sql ? Difference between Pooled, cluster & transparent tables? What is Primary key, foreign key ? what is primary index? secondary index? how many indexes can be created for a table? what is a value table? what are the components of a table? what is a domain? what is a data element? what is data class? can you create a table with out a data element? can you create a field with out a data element? What approach you prefer for creating a table? Give few names of cluster tables in sap? Give few names of pooled tables in sap? give few names of transparent tables? what is a buffer and how many types? what is table maintenance generator and how to create that? What is the transaction code? How to add new fields to a standard sap table ? Using Append Struture / Include Structure How many types of table joins are there? difference between inner join & outer join? Difference between "select * from mara" and "select single * from mara"? what is a match code ? Lock objects ?

what are views? what are logical tables/database? what is the difference bet'n table and a structure? Which client number you use for the current project? You are running a report. It is taking long time for execution. What steps will you do to reduce the execution time. After running a BDC program in background, next day morning when you see the results, few records are not updated(error records). What will you do then? You are given functional specs for a BDC program and you need to decide whether to write a method call transaction or a session. How u will decide? What is the difference between report and script? what are the differences between scripts & smart forms? what are enhancements? what are user-exits? what is badi? what is the difference between user-exit & BADIs? what is the difference between user-exit & customer-exit? how do you get functional specs when you are assigned some object? (specs through email..??) How do you write technical specs? How do you write UTP?(unit test plan) REPORTS what is a report? what are types of reports? difference bet'n simple and interactive reports? what are the events in interactive reports?

what is the first event that will be triggered in a report? what is the use of Initialization event? give one example. what is the use of start-of-selection event? what is the difference betn end-of-page and end-of-selection? if you write a write statement after end-of-selection, will that be triggered? how to create a button in selection screen? how to add a gui status in a selection screen? what is at-line-selection event? How many secondary lists can be created in an interactive report? how to create a check box/option button in a list? can you call a bdc program from a report? how? can you call a transaction from a report? how? what are ALV reports? how they are different from normal reports? what are the main events that are used in an ALV report? what is the use of SLIS type pool in alv reports? difference betn top-of-page and top-of-page during at-line-selection? in an interactive report, after going to 5th list, can you come back to 2nd list? how? what is an internal table? how many type of internal tables are there? what is the difference between hashed & sorted internal tables? what is the difference between standard and sorted internal tables? (in performance wise) Difference between internal table and a dictionary table? can you create an internal table dynamically?(at run time) what is the use of select for all entries in an internal table? when you are using 2 internal table in program, you have decided to use for all entries statement to retrieve data

but unfortunately there are no records in the first internal table. What will be the result? (2nd internal table contains records). in a loop of an internal table, what is the use of at first & at last statements? What is the use of at new statement? what is the difference between at first & at new statements? what is a binary search ? and how it is useful in a sorted internal table? when do you need to create an internal table with header line ?and with out a header line? what does it mean occurs 0 while creating an internal table? what will happen if you don't give occurs clause while creating an internal table? what is the difference between clear, delete & refresh with respect to an internal table? Sap Scripts & Smart forms

What is the difference between a script & a report ? What are the components/elements in sap script ? Can you create a script with out a main window ? How many main windows can be created for a script ? How can we use tables in sap scripts? How to print a logo in a sap script? When we need to modify standard scripts(eg:medruck) given by sap? What is the use of transaction code NACE in sap scripts? what is the table name that will contain all the script form names and print program names? Can you assign your own form to a standard print program? how? What is the use of PROTECT & ENDPROTECT?

How to add extra functionality to a standard print program with out touching the print program? what is sub routine pool in sap script? when it is used? How to read text in sapscripts? What is the transaction code for logo uploading? what is the difference between paragraph & character format? How to use a sapscript for multiple languages ? (english, germany etc) How to download/upload sapscripts from & to your PC ? What is the difference between scripts & smart forms? What is the standard program used for uploading the logo to script? How can you send forms from one client to other? what does open_form, write_form, close_form do? How to convert a sapscript to smart form? How to send a smartform result through mail? how to select desired paper size in sapscript? BDC & LSMW What is BDC ? What is call transaction method ? what is the syntax/procedure? What is session method and what is the syntax/procedure? Difference between call transaction & session method? which of these methods can be best used in background process? What is direct input method? How LSMW is advantageous than normal BDC? what are the steps in lsmw? IN LSMW can you use BAPI, ? Can you call a bdc from a report program?

what is the difference between synchronus & asynchronus methods? call transaction uses synchronus or synchronus method? session method uses synchronus or synchronus method? What is bapi? how bapi is different from call transaction/session? what r the advantages of bapi? for uploading master data(ex:customer data) into sap, which methods you prefer? call transaction/session/lsmw/bapi? why? tell any 2 standard bapi function modules used for uploading sales order data? Performance Tuning What is performance tuning? What are steps you follow to improve the performance of a report ? what is the role of secondary index in performance? what is the role of ST05 in performance tuning? what is the role of extended syntax check in performance tuning? will join conditions in sql queries affect perfomance? how? will sorted internal tables help in performance? will where conditions in a sql query help improve performance? does select single *.. / select * .. affect performance ? how? 1. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements? YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object (SPFLI) not data element. What are the different types of data dictionary objects? tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Match code objects. 2. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?

STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION". STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER". STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i)call transaction(Write the program explicity) ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer). 3. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions and How is batch input process different from processing online? PROBLEMS: i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually. ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table. 4. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program? Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program. 5. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically? NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS. 6. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary? step 1: creating domains(data type, field length, range). step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field). step 3: creating tables(SE11).

7. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program? HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER. 8. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it? go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING) 9. What are the domains and data elements? DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE. DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT. 10. What is the alternative to batch input session? Call transaction. 12. What is a batch input session? BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed. 13. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs? Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it again). 14. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary? 4 types of tables i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used. ii)Pool tables & iii)Cluster tables - These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. one cannot use native sql on these tables (only open sql).They are not managable directly using database system tools. iv)Internal tables - .? SAP R-3 Interview Question? What is the command in subscript? In ver 3.0b how is the print program to layout set? What's an effective way of using an internal table record? What are the types of internal tables? In production what is the user exit? What type of user exits have you written?

Have you worked with field groups? Have you used Import/Export statements? In the `select' statement what is group by? Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use for these? On ABAP: Did you set up a workflow? Are you familiar with all steps for setting up a workflow? Have you created Maintenance dialog or Table Maintenance? How to create client independent tables Difference between client dependent and client independent tables? Have you created database tables? Difference between Search Helps and Match Codes? Elementary search helps, Collective search help.? What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it? What is open sql vs native sql? What is a collect statement? How is it different from append? If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.? How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.? Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program.? How do we debug sapscript? Can we create field without data element and how? When top of the page event is triggered? How do you get output from IDOC? SAP R-3 Interview Question? In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically? On which even we can validate the input fields in module progams? What are client dependant objects in abap/sap? How data is stored in cluster table? What is the difference between Upload and WS_Upload ? Open datasets, Read datasets ( Reading and writing data to files)? Have you set up a back ground job ? How to create a background job without a variant ? Have you processed BDCs ? How do you send files to the legacy systems from SAP and vice versa? How does one know that the legacy files have come on to the SAP server you are working on? What kind of BDC programs are written ? Update types in Call transaction method. What is the difference? Call transaction method, how to capture the errors ? Data conversion experience? Experience with ABAP and Unix files? From Excel to ABAP - Is batch mode possible ? How to read files and process BDCs automatically? Difference between /N and /BEND? SM35 transaction . How to automate BDC ? BDC vs Direct Loads( have you used direct loads on SAP tables )? Recording Function?

What are logical databases? What is Group by in Select statement? Catch Command? Explain Commit and Roll back? Difference between Insert, Update and Modify? What happens Update command is used without where clause ? SAP R-3 Interview Question? Select statement to read data into internal tables. Types of Select statements? hat's an effective way of using an internal table record? Types of internal tables? Field groups? Control levels in internal tables? How to eliminate duplicate entries in internal tables? Size of the internal tables? Field groups and internal tables? Handling of internal tables? What is an Open Item in SAP? How will you find an Open Item in SAP? What are the modules in FI that you have worked on? In the MM module for finding out the standard cost what is the view one has to look at? What is the work you have done in the MM module and what programs did you use for creating views in MM? Condition technique? In the function module for reading text from the S.O header what needs to be specified? How do you get the Sales Order (S.O) No. from the Delivery Order? While picking can the pick list be updated automatically? In delivery processing which step comes first picking, packing,posting goods issue ? What happens when you post goods issue after delivery? How does the inventory get reduced after the delivery? Do you need and enquiry or quotation before we start the SD process? Explain what are the steps in the SD process at least up to the invoicing stage? What is an Unpack command? What is the reserve command? How many interactive reports did you write? What is the most complex interactive report that was written by You? Double click function on the lists, identifying the line selected by the user on the list. At-Line selection, At user-command etc..,? Exit and Stop. What is the difference? Check and Continue. What is the difference? Important ABAP FAQ's What are dml statements in sap? Ans: Insert, Update, Delete. What is the difference between open sql & native sql? Ans: Open SQL allows you to access all database tables known to the SAP

system, regardless of the database manufacturer. Sometimes, however, we may want to use database-specific SQL statements called Native SQL in your ABAP/4 program. To avoid incompatibilities between different database tables and also to make ABAP/4 programs independent of the database system in use, SAP has created a set of separate SQL statements called Open SQL. Open SQL contains a subset of standard SQL statements as well as some enhancements which are specific to SAP. A database interface translates SAP's Open SQL statements into SQL commands specific to the database in use. Native SQL statements access the database directly What is Primary key, foreign key ? what is primary index? secondary index? Ans: Primary index: the primary index contains key fiels of a table and a pointer to non-key fields of the table. The primary index is created automatically when a table is created in database and moreover you can further define reference to the primary index which are known as Secondary index. How many indexes can be created for a table? Ans: 9. What is data class? Ans: The data class specifies in which table space the table is created in database. Give few names of cluster tables in sap? Ans: sorry i dont know Give few names of pooled tables in sap? Ans: A pool table has many to one relation with the table in the database. For one table in the database there are many tables in the dictionary. Tha table in the database has a diff name than in the table in the data dict, it has diff no of fields and field names are different. A pooled table is stored in the pool at the database level. A table pool is a databse table with a special struct that enables the data of many R3 tables to be stored in it. It can hold only pooled tables. Sorry I dont know table names Give few names of transparent tables? Ans: A transparent table has a one to one relataionship in the database. The table in the dictionary has the same name, same no of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 table defn. A transparent tabel has application data (Master and Transaction). sorry i dont know table names What is a buffer and how many types? Ans: Buffer is othing but which stores data temporarily. there are two

types of buffers. they are Roll and Page areas. Pages : it stores the application data. Roll area: it stores the data of previous pages.Data areas of used programs are created in roll areas for each internal session. What is table maintenance generator and how to create that? What is the transaction code? Ans: Table maintanence generator is nothing but making a table available for adding records and deleting records. The transaction code used is SM30. How to add new fields to a standard sap table? Ans: 1. Appended structures What are lock objects? Ans: Lock objects are nothing but which holds a data for particular field value until you remove a lock.. Diff betwn inner & outer join? Ans: What is the use of start-of-selection event? Ans: Start-of-selection is called implicity even it is not used in the program. start-of-selection is triggered after the standard selection screen has been displayed. What is the difference between end-of-page and end-of-selection? Ans: End-of-page : is footer of the page. End-of-selection: is triggered At the end of the processing block. If you write a write statement after end-of-selection, will that be triggered? Ans: Yes How to create a button in selection screen? Ans: Using parametres How to add a gui status in a selection screen? Ans: sorry i dont know i thik using set pf. How to create a check box/option button in a list? Ans: Regarding Runtime creation of Check Boxes Can you call a bdc program from a report? how? Ans: Yes through Submit and return 2. Customizing tables

Can you call a transaction from a report? how? Ans: Yes Using Call transaction and leave to. What are ALV reports? how they are different from normal reports? Ans: these reports are used to find subtotals and totals in a report. If you want i'll give you an example program What are the main events that are used in an ALV report? Ans: sorry i dont know What is the use of SLIS type pool in alv reports? Ans: Slis type pool is a global defination of pooltypes of catalog structure, table and layout which we use in ALV reports Difference between top-of-page and top-of-page during at-lineselection? Ans: Top-of-page is a header on primary list. Top-of-page during line-selection is a header on secondary lists In an interactive report, after going to 5th list, can you come back to 2nd list? how? How many type of internal tables are there? Ans: Standard, Hashed, Sorted tables What is the difference between hashed & sorted internal tables? Ans: Sorted internal table works on Binary Search and Hashed internal tables works on hashed alogorthim through indexes. What is the difference between standard and sorted internal tables? (in performance wise) Ans: Sorted table improve the performance in case of a huge table which has no: of records What is the use of at new statement? Ans:sorry i dont know When do you need to create an internal table with header line? and with out a header line? line? Ans: If we don't want to use any explicit work area then its better to go for an internal table with header line. What does it mean occurs 0 while creating an internal table? Ans: sorry i dont know Which of these methods can be best used in background process?

Ans : Batch Input method. What is direct input method? What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it? Ans: Exec Sql[Performing <sql] [Native sql statements] endexec. The above is the syntax for the native sql statements. Disadvantages: . Syntax check is not done to statements written inside the EXEC SQL statements. What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated with ABAP/4 data dictionary? What transactions do you use for data analysis? ANs: Sorry i dont know but for runtime analysis we use transaction code : se30. What are selection texts? Ans: in the selection screen you can change the name of the field,title etc using selection texts. go to text--> text elemets---> selection texts in the menu bar to set selection texts. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent? How to find the return code of a statement in ABAP programs? Ans: Through functions. What is performance tuning? Ans: Performance tuning for Data Selection Statement What are steps you follow to improve the performance of a report? Ans: 1) USe select fields statements (not select *) 2) Use views rather than tables 3) Don't use nested Select. What is the role of secondary index in performance? Ans: sorry i dont know What is the role of ST05 in performance tuning? Ans: SQL trace

What is the role of extended syntax check in performance tuning? Ans: sorry i dont know Will join conditions in sql queries affect perfomance? how? Ans : Yes Will sorted internal tables help in performance? Ans: Yes Will where conditions in a sql query help improve performance? Ans: No Not at all Does select single *.. / select * .. affect performance? how? Ans: Select single we use for first hit of the record. so obviously Select single will improve the performance. Questions which I have faced in an interview: 1) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this? 2) What is meant by performance analysis? Have done anything to improve the performance? 3) How to transfer the objects? Have to transferred any objects? 4) How did you test the developed objects? 5) What is the difference between SAP Memory and ABAP Memory? 6) In order to upload Purchase order details, how you handle multiple values for a single field? Eg: Item field may contain no. of values for a record 7) What is the procedure you followed to upload the data? 8) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction? 9) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster? 10) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports? 11) How to pass the variables to forms? 12) How to create a link between modified form and modified print program? 13) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? 14) How did you test the form u developed? How did you taken print? 15) What are Standard Texts? 16) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables? 17) What is pf-status? 18) Among "Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one? 19) What are the output type and Tcodes? 20) Where we use Chain and Endchain? 21) Do you use select statement in loop endloop, how will be the performance? To improve the performance? 22) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and last date by default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004 Go thru these answers:

1) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this? It's checks program execution time in microseconds. When you go to se30.if you give desired program name in performance file. It will take you to below screen. You can get how much past is your program. 2) What is meant by performance analysis? Have done 3) How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any objects? 4) How did you test the developed objects? I was testing a developed object. There are two types of testing - Negative testing - Positive testing In negative testing we will give negative data in input and we check any errors occurs. In positive testing we will give positive data in input for checking errors. 8) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction? We can create a internal table like 'bsgmcgcoll'. All the messages will go to internal table. We can get errors in this internal table. Below messages are go to internal table. when you run the call transaction. - Message type - Message id - Message Number - Variable1 - Variable2 - Variable3 9) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster? Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real time...because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session. Process will not complete until session get correct. 10) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports? ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click) or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through layers of information about individual items in a list. Drill down report is nothing but interactive report...drilldown means above paragraph only. 11) How to pass the variables to forms?

12) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as blocks. We can scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in database (data dictionary). Which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? (I don't know). 13) How did you test the form u developed? How did you taken print? 14) What are Standard Texts? 16) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables? A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined. Cluster table can be used to store control data they can also used to store temporary data or text such as documentation. 17) What is pf-status? Pf status is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to se41, we can get menus, items and different function keys, which we are using for secondary list in interactive report. 18) Among "Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one? I guess, 'move corresponding' is very efficient then 'move' statement. Because usually we use this stamtent for internal table fields only...so if we give move corresponding. Those fields only moving to other place (what ever you want). 19) What are the output type and Tcodes? 20) Where we use Chain and End chain? 21) Do you use select statement in loop end loop, how will be the performance? To improve the performance? 22) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and last date by default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004 What is the difference between external & internal subroutine? 2. Why do we use ALV? 3. Why do we use GET CURSOR and what is it?

4. Both the events AT SELECTION-SCREEN and AT USER-COMMAND are processed after user input. Then what is the difference between these and when we should use what? Sudeshna Answer 1: 1) Internal subroutines in the sense ..subroutines which are defined and used in a same program...external in the sense if you create a sub routine in one program and you're calling this subroutine in another program ..then this is external subroutine. 2) ALV gives many advantages than a list like sorting summing getting graphics like that stuff 3) While generating a interactive report we will use get cursor..use is to get the value of the fiel under the cursor.. 4) At selection screen is used to validate the fields in a selection screen...and at user command is used to modify the screen in a selection screen and in genarating secondary lists.. Sarath Reddy Answer 2: 1. The name itself implies the internal subroutines defined by form /perform.. can be called within the same prog in which they were declared.....external subroutines can be called outside the program....... 2. SAP LIST VIEWER is ALV . its main advantage is by using ALV technique we can find totals ,subtotals ,sort in any order etc there itself in the list output of course we need to write all those functionalities while using ALV...also many functional modules are defined under ALV concept... 3. GETCURSOR is used to trace the position of the cursor in the list .. suppose we want to double click on any filled in the list and want to trace data using that field we use getcursor ..... 4.AT SELECTION-SCREEN is used where you have a seperate selection screen using select-options or parameters where as AT USER-COMMAND is used where no selection screen exists....at.user-command is mainly used while setting pf-status which means creating our own menu with function codes etc... Shiva I had seen some of the standard abap that the table name had *, like *ekpo. What is the meaning? What is the difference between with * and without * ? It just lets you use the table a second time. For example: select single * from ekpo where ebeln = '12345' and ebelp = '1'.

select single * from *ekpo where ebeln = '67890' and ebelp = '1'. You now have two separate records, one in ekpo and one in *ekpo. Another way to do this is to simply use the 'into' argument in the 'select' statement to read the second ekpo record into some other field. The '*' format can be confusing, I think it may be left over from earlier releases, like 2.2. EKPO is database table and *EKPO is internal table. Once you select into EKPO, you can use it the same way as *EKPO. How do I use variables in the FORMAT command? DATA COLORID TYPE I VALUE 4. FORMAT INTENSIFIED onfiltered= COLORID. When using CALL 'SYSTEM' id 'COMMAND' field unix-command, how does one capture the results of the command? For example, if the unix-command were the date? You capture the results in the table e.g TABL, like this DATA: BEGIN OF TABL OCCURS 0, LINE(560), END OF TABL. REFRESH TABL. CALL 'SYSTEM' ID 'COMMAND' FIELD PARCOM_LOC ID 'TAB' FIELD TABL-*SYS*. I am working on a program that needs to show number of days between 2 dates. When I scanned the function library, I only found a function to give you the number of years between dates. I can probably code this in ABAP but does anyone know if a function exists to do this. I wrote this example for you. I think this is what you need. DATA: DATE_1 LIKE SY-DATUM, DATE_2 LIKE SY-DATUM. DATA DAYS TYPE I. DATE_1 = SY-DATUM. DATE_2 = SY-DATUM + 65. DAYS = DATE_2 - DATE_1. WRITE:/ 'DATE_2=',DATE_2,'DATE_1=',DATE_1,'DAYS=',DAYS. Run this code and then you will understand. How do I concatenate two strings in Abap/4?

For all SAP Versions STR_LENGTH = STRLEN( STRING1 ). MOVE STRING1 TO STRING3. WRITE STRING2 TO STRING3+STR_LENGTH. For SAP Version 3.0 choose: CONCATENATE STRING1 STRING2 INTO STRING3. If you want a space between both fields: CONCATENATE STRING1 STRING2 INTO STRING3 SEPARATED BY ' '. For SAP Version 2.2 choose Functions: STRING_CONCATENATE for 2 Strings and STRING_CONCATENATE_3 for 3 Strings. Has anyone been successful in suppressing the selection screen that is automatically displayed when using logical data bases. I want to run a job in the background using a logical database and I do not want the user prompted for the parameters. I want to pass the parameters in the program. Try using the SUBMIT rep USING SELECTION-SET 'variant' WITH .... command in the report to pass the variant thru the program I would like to know how to execute from ABAP code an external Unix program and check for a return code? There are different ways to this: (1) OPEN DATASET <file> FOR OUTPUT 'unix command' CLOSE DATASET <file> This command executes the unix command and writes the output into <file> Look into OSS Note 9391. (2) or try the following program but unfortunately the command CALL SYSTEM is not supported by SAP. If you are on R/3 2.1 - 2.2x you can get some idea's from the program SAPMSOS0. REPORT ZUNIXCOM . DATA: U_COMMAND(200). * Table for system messages DATA: BEGIN OF RT OCCURS 100 , LINE(100) , END OF RT . START-OF-SELECTION . MOVE 'unix command' to U_COMMAND .

REFRESH RT. CALL 'SYSTEM' ID 'COMMAND' FIELD U_COMMAND ID 'TAB' FIELD RT-*SYS* . LOOP AT RT. WRITE : / RT-LINE . ENDLOOP. 1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program? ANS:HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER. 2. What are field symbols and field groups.? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups? ANS:Field symbols:Field groups :3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program? ANS:STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION". STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER". STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i)call transaction(Write the program explicity) ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer). 4. What is a batch input session? ANS:BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed,program name behind it, and how next screen is processed. 5. What is the alternative to batch input session? ANS:Call transaction. 6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it? ANS:go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name,job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING) 8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process different from processing online? ANS:PROBLEMS:i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually.

ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table. 10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects? ans:tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Matchcode objects. 11. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary? ans :4 types of tables i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used. ii)Pool tables & iii)Cluster tables These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables.one cannot use native sql on these tables (only opensql).They are not managable directly using database system tools. iv)Internal tables - . 12. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary? ans:step 1: creating domains(data type,field length,range). step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field). step 3: creating tables(SE11). 13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically? ANS:- NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS. 14. What are the domains and data elements? ANS:DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE. DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT. 15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements? ANS:YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object(SPFLI) not data element. 16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs? ANS:Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it again).

17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program? ANS:Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT <fg>. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group <fg>, the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups <fg> and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program. 18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append? ANS:If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry. 19. What is open sql vs native sql? ANS:- by Madhukar Open SQL , native SQL are the interfaces to create the database applicatons. Open SQL is consistant across different types of existing Databases. Native SQL is the database language specific to database.Its API is specific to the databse. Open SQL API is consistent across all vendors 20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it? ANS:21. What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated with ABAP/4 data dictionary? ANS:22. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

ANS:Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection,end-of-selection,top-of-page,end-of-page, At line-selection,At user-command,At PF,Get,At New,At LAST,AT END, AT FIRST. 23. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical type reports? ANS:An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice. diff:a) THE LIST PRODUCED BY CLASSICAL REPORT DOESN'T allow user to interact with the system the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system. b) ONCE A CLASSICAL REPORT EXECUTED USER LOOSES CONTROL.IR USER HAS CONTROL. c) IN CLASSICAL REPORT DRILLING IS NOT POSSIBLE.IN INTERACTIVE DRILLING IS POSSIBLE. 24. What is a drill down report? ANS:Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relavent data by selecting explicitly. 25. How do you write a function module in SAP? describe. ANS:creating function module:called program - se37-creating funcgrp,funcmodule by assigning attributes,importing,exporting,tables,exceptions. calling program - SE38-in pgm click pattern and write function nameprovide export,import,tables,exception values. 26. What are the exceptions in function module? ANS:COMMUNICATION_FAILURE SYSTEM_FAILURE 27. What is a function group? ANS:GROUP OF ALL RELATED FUNCTIONS. 28. How are the date and time field values stored in SAP? ANS:DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS 30. Name a few data dictionary objects? //rep// ANS:TABLES,VIEWS,STRUCTURES,LOCK OBJECTS,MATCHCODE OBJECTS. 31. What happens when a table is activated in DD? ANS:It is available for any insertion,modification and updation of records by any user.

32. What is a check table and what is a value table? Check table will be at field level checking. Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid. 33. What are match codes? describe? ans:It is a similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys. 34. What transactions do you use for data analysis? ANS:35. What is table maintenance generator? ANS:36. What are ranges? What are number ranges? ANS:max,min values provided in selection screens. 37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters? ANS:select options provide ranges where as parameters do not. SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table which is automatically filled with values or ranges of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS , the system creates a selection table. SELECT-OPTIONS <SEL> FOR <field>. A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH. The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of <field>. The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply) The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern. diff:PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report. SELECT-OPTIONS allow users to fill an internal table with a range of values. For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change. Eg:- Parameters name(30). when the user executes the ABAP/4 program,an input field for 'name' will appear on the selection screen.You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts.

38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a selection screen? ANS:validate :- by using match code objects. display :- Parameters <name> default 'xxx'. select-options <name> for spfli-carrid. 39. What are selection texts? ANS:40. What is CTS and what do you know about it? ANS:The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. For practical information on working with the Change and Transport System, see Change and Transport Organizer and Transport Management System. 41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it? ANS:42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent? ANS:43. Are programs client dependent? ANS:Yes.Group of users can access these programs with a client no. 44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs? ANS:SY-SUBRC,SY-DBCNT,SY-LILLI,SY-DATUM,SY-UZEIT,SY-UCOMM,SY-TABIX..... SY-LILLI IS ABSOLUTE NO OF LINES FROM WHICH THE EVENT WAS TRIGGERED. 45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement? ANS:i)It is a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need. ii)using SY-DBCNT. iii)The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population.

46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs? Performance of ABAPs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred. The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount OF time and also reduces the network traffic. Some measures that can be taken are: - Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability). - Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *. - Range tables should be avoided (IN operator) - Avoid nested SELECTS. i)system tools ii)field symbols and field groups. ans:Field Symbols : Field symbols are placeholders for existing fields. A Field Symbol does not physically reserve space for a field,but points to a field which is not known until runtime of the program. eg:- FIELD-SYMBOL <FS> [<TYPE>]. Field groups : A field group combines several fields under one name.At runtime,the INSERT command is used to define which data fields are assigned to which field group. There should always be a HEADER field group that defines how the extracted data will be sorted,the data is sorted by the fields grouped under the HEADER field group. 47. What are datasets? ANS:The sequential files(ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP. 48. How to find the return code of a statement in ABAP programs? ANS:Using function modules. 49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP? ANS : CONVERSION : LEGACY SYSTEM TO FLAT FILE. INTERFACE : FLAT FILE TO SAP SYSTEM. 50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data? 51. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why? 52. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases? ANS:To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

adv:The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table.Because Logical database knows how the different tables relate to each other,and can issue the SELECT command with proper where clause to retrieve the data. i)An easy-to-use standard user interface. ii)check functions which check that user input is complete,correct,and plausible. iii)meaningful data selection. iv)central authorization checks for database accesses. v)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. disadv:i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION). 53. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report? ans:AT LINE-SELECTION,AT USER-COMMAND,AT PF. 54. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used? ans:55. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP/4 query tool? 56. What are the functional areas? User groups? and how does ABAP/4 query work in relation to these? 57. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP/4 query? 59. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them? 60. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session? ans:we will look into the error log file (SM35). 61. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions? ANS:We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session we analyize the session to determine which screen and value produced the error.For small errors in data we correct them interactively otherwise modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even the datafile. 62. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs? ans:go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name,job class and

job steps(JOB SCHEDULING) 63. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run? 64. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relavent table for that? 65. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages? ans:Yes. 66. What is a currency factoring technique? 67. How do you document ABAP/4 programs? Do you use program documentation menu option? 68. What is SAPscript and layout set? ans:The tool which is used to create layout set is called SAPscript. Layout set is a design document. 69. What are the ABAP/4 commands that link to a layout set? ans:control commands,system commands, 70. What is output determination? 71. What are IDOCs? ans:IDOCs are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container. 72. What are screen painter? menu painter? Gui status? ..etc. ans:dynpro - flow logic + screens. menu painter GUI Status - It is subset of the interface elements(title bar,menu bar,standard tool bar,push buttons) used for a certain screen. The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction. 73. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO. ans:The control statements that control the screen flow. PBO - This event is triggered before the screen is displayed. PAI - This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks the pushbutton. 74. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP? ans:Create program-SE93-create transcode-Run it from command field. 75. Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called?

76. What are step loops? How do you program pagedown pageup in step loops? ans:step loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen. 77. Is ABAP a GUI language? ANS:Yes. ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE. 78. Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written? What is the XXXXXTOP program? ans:ABAP/4 program. DYNPRO 79. What are the include programs? ANS:When the same sequence of statements in several programs are to be written repeadly they are coded in include programs (External programs) and are included in ABAP/4 programs. 80. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program? ans:- Yes- only external subroutines Using 'SUBMIT' statement. 81. What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precations are needed? 82. What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side? 83. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs? ANS:Should start with Y or Z. 84. How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requrements? ans:SLDB-F4. 85. How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures? ans:Transcode is entered in command field to open the table.Utilities-Table contents-display. 86. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP? ans:87. What are the different modules of SAP? ans:FI,CO,SD,MM,PP,HR. 89. How do you get help in ABAP?

ans:HELP-SAP LIBRARY,by pressing F1 on a keyword. 90. What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences? ans:91. What are the different elements in layout sets? ans:PAGES,Page windows,Header,Paragraph,Character String,Windows. 92. Can you use if then else, perform ..etc statements in sap script? ans:yes. 93. What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data? 94. How do you number pages in sapscript layout outputs? 95. What takes most time in SAP script programming? ANS:LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION. 96. How do you use tab sets in layout sets? 97. How do you backup sapscript layout sets? Can you download and upload? How? 98. What are presentation and application servers in SAP? ANS:The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. 99. In an ABAP/4 program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server vs on an application server? ans:i)using loop statements. ii)flat 100. What are different data types in ABAP/4? ans:Elementary predefined C,D,F,I,N,P,T,X. userdefined TYPES. ex: see in intel book page no 35/65 Structured predefined TABLES. userdefined Field Strings and internal tables. 101. What is difference between session method and Call Transaction? ans:102. Setting up a BDC program where you find information from?

ans:103. What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session. ans:fields converted into character type. 104. What is the structure of a BDC sessions. ans:BDCDATA (standard structure). 105. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table. ans:program,dynpro,dynbegin,fnam,fval. 106. What do you define in the domain and data element. Technical details like 107. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level. ans:ii)Pool tables is a logical representation of transparent tables .Hence no existence at database level. Where as transparent tables are physical tables and exist at database level. 108. What is cardinality? For cardinality one out of two (domain or data element) should be the same for Ztest1 and Ztest2 tables. M:N Cardinality specifies the number of dependent(Target) and independent (source) entities which can be in a relationship.