CLC SE1335

Accents
Some examples of systemic, distributional and realizational differences in the accents of England and Wales Systemic differences: differences in the number and identity of the phonemes in the system RP/SESP V @/U U@ O: eI e: ei T/D f/v h -

cup, done, flood, etc poor, sure, during, Europe, gourmet, etc made, waste maid, waist youth, bother have, hold, hat, hand

Distributional differences (phonological): differences in the places where a phoneme can occur RP/SESP I I I@ N N w j

i event, befriend, deceive, report (initial unstressed syllables) @ animal, beautiful, quality (medial unstressed syllables) i: weary, serious, period (stressed syllable before /r/) r car, farther, horse (syllable-final position) n hunting, evening, nothing (final unstressed syllable) ng sing, tongue (stressed syllable) hw white, whales, which (wh- in spelling, except before <o>) news, beautiful, assume (after a consonant in stressed syll)

Distributional differences (lexical): differences in the choice of a phoneme in a given word or set of words RP/SESP I A: O: @U V u: D

E {/a Q Q Q U T

example, exam (initial unstressed ex-) path, last, laugh, dance, plant, branch, etc salt, fault, false, waltz, etc bolt, toll, solve, revolver, etc one, once tooth, room with

Realizational differences: differences in the actual phonetic quality (ie realization) of a given phoneme RP/SESP t [?] intervocalic (in addition to preconsonantal and final) l either always clear, or always dark; vocalized syllable-final

1. KIT I i kin, kill, village, business, wicked, mirror, critic 2. DRESS E e dread, ten, tell, very, bury, says, said, ate 3. TRAP { a, A, E tram, shall, marry, balcony, plaits 4. LOT Q O, O:, A gone, doll, sorry, swan, becAuse, Austria 5. STRUT V @, U, a strum, sulk, pulse, bulge, bulb, blood, love 6. FOOT U u, 3, @ good, wool, butcher, courier 7. BATH A: a, a:, { laugh, pass, plant, branch, ghastly, cant 8. CLOTH Q O, O: off, cross, dog, solve, salt, false, quality 9. NURSE 3: v+r, 2 first, verse, earth, work, journey, turn, girl, furry 10. FLEECE i: Ii, @i tea, feel, lean, pizza 11. FACE eI ei, e:, {I day, tail, tale, waist, waste, paint 12. PALM A: a: alms, half, spa 13. THOUGHTO: Q: law, lawn 14. GOAT @U o:, ou, VU no, know, groan, grown; QU cold, stole, boulder 15. GOOSE u: Uu, @u, : blue, cool, tune; Iu blew, news; U tooth 16. PRICE aI ai, aE, AI pry, pint, pile 17. CHOICE OI Oi, AI, oI toy, point, oil 18. MOUTH aU au, EU, a: now, mount, owl 19. NEAR I@ i@,I:, i+r cheer, weary, idea, real; j3: ear, year, hear, here 20. SQUARE E@ E:,e@,E+r air, wear, prayer 21. START A: a:, a/A+r star, starry, snarl, arms 22. NORTH O: O:+r nor, norm OU small, talk 23. FORCE O: O@, o:+r four, door, more 24. CURE U@ O:,uV,u+r sure, poor, jury, Europe 25. HAPPY i i:, I, @i coffee, spaghetti, Mummy LETTER @ @r driver COMMA @ sofa, pizza
Wells, J C (1982) Accents of English 1 Cambridge: CUP

Other weak vowel environments ANIMAL I @ beautiful, quality EDUCATE U @ stimulus, communism SPIRIT I @ pocket, budget, spinach, wicked, kitchen ADDED I @ waited, offices, villages, taxis HISTORY - @, O:, E category, primary, cemetery, century FAMILY - I EASILY I POLICE @ collect, correct, suppose, veranda, syringe
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Lexical distribution differences between British and American Pronunciations UK missile "mIsaIl futile "fju:taIl fertile "f3:taIl projectile pr@"dZEktaIl servile "s3:vaIl nubile "nju:baIl but exile "EksaIl either neither figure suggest clerk lieutenant patriot tomato vase "aID@ "naID@ "fIg@ s@"dZEst "klA:k lEf"tEn@nt "p{tri@t t@"mA:t@U "vA:z US "mIsl = "fju:l = "f3:rl = pr@"dZEktl = "s3:rv@l "nu:b@l "EksaIl "i:D@r "ni:D@r "fIgj@r s@g"dZEst "kl3:rk lu:"tEn@nt "peItri@t t@"meIoU "veIs

With word stress enquiry IN"kwaI@ri ("ENkw@ri) address @"drEs ("{drEs) aristocrat "{rIst@kr{t @"rIst@kr{t harass "h{r@s h@"r{s magazine m{g@"zi:n "m{g@zi:n Phonological distribution differences between British and American Word Stress primary"praImri "praImeIri cemetery "sEm@tri "sEm@tEri category "k{t@gri "k{@gO:ri laboratory l@"bQr@tri "l{b@r@tO:ri but century "sEntS@ri "sEntS@ri cremate frustrate vacate kr@"meIt fr@"streIt v@"keIt "kri:meIt "frVstreIt "veIkeIt

Accents: bibliography Brown, A. (1992) Coggle, P. (1993) Pronunciation Models. Singapore : Singapore University Press Do you Speak Estuary? London: Bloomsbury English in Wales. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters San

Coupland, N. (ed) (1990)

Edwards, H.T. (1992) Applied Phonetics : the Sounds of American English. Diego, CA; Singular Press Foulkes, P & Docherty, G (eds) (1999) Urban Voices London: Arnold Hawkins, P. (1985) Honey, J. (1988) Introducing Phonology. London : Hutchinson. Does Accent Matter? London : Faber

Hughes, A, & Trudgill, P. (1996)

English Accents and Dialects. 3rd ed. London : Edward Arnold

Kreidler, C.W. (1989) The Pronunciation of English. Oxford : Blackwell MacCarthy, P. (1978) The Teaching of Pronunciation. Cambridge : CUP Major, R C (2001) Foreign Accent Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum McMahom, A (2002) An Introduction to English Phonology Edinburgh: EUP Orton, H &Dieth, E A (1962) Survey of English Dialects: Introduction Leeds: E J Arnold, and volumes 2 - 5 Platt, J., Weber, H. & Ho, M.L. (1984). The New Englishes. London : Routledge. Trudgill, P. (1992) The Dialects of England. Oxford : Blackwell. International English. 4th ed. London : Arnold.

Trudgill, P. & Hannah, J. (2002)

Upton, C & Widdowson, J D A (1996) An Atlas of English Dialects Oxford: OUP Wakelin, M.F. (1977) English Dialects. 2nd ed. London : Athlone Press. Wells, J. (1982) Accents of English. 3 vols. Cambridge: CUP

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