Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

GOVT. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

KANNUR

MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

JUST A MINUTE (JAM)

CIRCUIT
SUBMITTED BY

SUJESH.N
LATHEESH.T
MANORANJ KK.
NAJUMUDDEEN NP
RAHUL V GOPINATH

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

KANNUR
2006

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

GOVT.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KANNUR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the

mini project report entitled JUST A MINUTE (JAM)
CIRCUIT is an authentic report of the work done by
LATHEESH.T , MANORANJ K.K., NAJUMUDDEEN N.P,
RAHUL.V.GOPINATH and SUJESH.N, at GOVT. COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING, KANNUR during their Sixth
semester in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of the B.Tech degree course in ELECTRONICS &
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, of Kannur university.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Guided By

Mrs.GEETHARANJINI Mr. MOHAMMED SALIH

Head of the Department Lecturer
Dept of Electronics & comm. Dept of Electronics&comm.
Govt. College of Engg. Govt. College of Engg.
Kannur. Kannur.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

CONTENTS

 ABSTRACT

 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• Power supply
• JAM Circuit

 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

 PCB LAYOUT
• Power supply section
• JAM Circuit

 MAKING OF PCB

 SOLDERING

 COMPONENTS & PRICE LIST

 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

 DATASHEET
• IC 74LS00
• IC 74LS04
• IC 74LS30
• IC 74LS373
• IC 74LS147
• IC 7805

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 CONCLUSION

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

ABSTRACT

Just A Minute (JAM) circuit contains

additional display circuit by which it overcomes all the
disadvantages of Ordinary Quiz Buzzer. Just A Minute (JAM)
Circuit has the same purpose as that of Ordinary Quiz Buzzer. But
it will overcome all the disadvantages of Ordinary Quiz Buzzer.
JAM circuit contains display sections, which will show the number
of the contestant pressing his button before the others.
Simultaneously, a buzzer will also sound. The circuit given here
permits up to eight contestants with each one allotted a distinct
number (1 to 8). This JAM circuit can be used in quiz contest
wherein any participant who presses his button (switch) before the
other contestant gets the first chance to answer a question. Now
we can find out which one of the participants pressed the buzzer
switch at first, by checking that displayed number. Only the
participant pressed the buzzer switch first will be displayed.. Thus
use of JAM circuit is more accurate when two or more participant
teams simultaneously presses their buzzer switches.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

 2.1 Power Supply

 2.2 JAM Circuit

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

JAM circuit has mainly two sections.

 Power supply section

 Buzzer and Display section

 Power Supply section

This section contains

• TRANSFORMER 230/6-0-6
• DIODES IN4001
• CAPACITOR
• REGULATOR IC 7805

 Buzzer and Display Section

This section contains

• BUZZER
• D FLIP FLOPE IC 74373
• NAND IC 7400, 7430
• PNP TRANSISTOR CK100
• DISPLAY FND 507
• DISPLAY IC 7447
• PRIORITY ENCODER IC 74147
• NOT IC 7404
• RESISTOR
• CAPACITOR
• SWITCHES

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

CIRCUIT OPERATION

The working of the circuit can be explained as

1 DC voltage generation
2 Buzzer Display operation

 DC voltage generator

This unit will generate +5 volt & ground from the AC supply,
which is used for driving all ICs. This generator contains 230/6-0-6 volt
transformer, bridge rectifier circuit (using 1N4001diodes) & 7805-voltage
regulator IC. Transformer secondary output is applied to bridge rectifier .The
bridge rectifier will produce a DC voltage. To remove ripples of the bridge
rectifier output; a capacitor (C1) is connected across the bridge output. To
remove the remaining ripples regulator IC 7805 used. Then +5V & ground
are obtained from 7805.

 Buzzer Display operations

• Initial Condition

Initially when the power supply is switched on all the inputs of

IC1 (74373) are connected to Vcc via resistors R1 through R8. Thus all the
outputs of IC1 go logic HIGH. Since all the outputs of IC1 are connected
to inputs of IC2 (7430) the outputs of IC2 becomes logic LOW which
causes outputs of both gate N1 & N2 to go logic HIGH state the output of
gate N2 is applied to latch enable pin of IC1. Thus all the outputs of IC1
will be latched to logic HIGH. Since the outputs of N1 are logic HIGH the
buzzer cannot be drived.
All eight outputs of IC1 are also connected to
inputs of IC3 (74147) with all input pins of IC3 being logic HIGH its BCD
output is 0000 which is applied to 7 segment decoder driver IC5 (7447) after
inversion hex inverter gates inside IC4 (7404). Thus when power supply is
switched on the display shows 0 without a buzzer sound .

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

• When any of the switch is pressed

When any of the push to on switches S1 through S8 is
pressed, the corresponding output line of IC1 is latched at logic LOW level
and the display indicates the corresponding number associated with specific
switch .At the same time output of IC2 becomes logic HIGH which causes
output of both N1and N2 to go to logic LOW. Logic LOW output of N2
inhibits IC1 and thus pressing any of the other switches S1 through S8 has
no effect. Thus, the contestant who presses his switch first, jams the display
to show only his number. In the unlikely event of simultaneous pressing
(within few nano-second difference) of more than one switch, the higher
priority number(switch no) will be displayed. Simultaneously the logic
LOW output of gate N1 drives the buzzer via PNP transistor CK100 (T1).
The buzzer as momentary pressing of reset switch S9 so that next round can
reset well the display may start.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

PCB LAYOUT

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

MAKING OF PCB

A PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD is popularly known as PCB. A

PCB ensures that various circuit components are interconnected as per the
circuit diagram after they are placed on the PCB in their proper position and
subsequently soldered.

 PCB Fabrication

Different steps involved in the fabrication of a PCB are follows

1. Components layout designing
2. PCB layout designing
3. Transferring the PCB layout design onto the PCB laminate
4. Developing for etching the PCB.
5. Other operations like drilling, cutting, tinning etc

 Components Layout designing

Components layout designing is the placement of different
components with their inter connections as per the circuit diagram on the
PCB. This exercise usually begins with an estimate of the size of the PCB
(length & breadth) needed to accommodate various circuit components.
Having placed all the components, the inter connections can be made by
drawing lines (known as Tracks).

 PCB Layout designing

PCB Layout designing is the mirror image of components layout. The
component layout is drawn looking from the components side whereas the
PCB layout is drawn looking from the copper side. It is obtained by taking a
carbon copy of the components lay out by placing a reversed carbon
underneath the paper.

 Transferring PCB lay out on to PCB laminate

First the PCB laminate is chosen. The copper side of the laminate is
thoroughly cleaned with petrol to make it completely free from
contaminants. The PCB lay out is drawn on the copper side. Care
should be taken to mark the position of holes. The same is

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

redrawn giving proper width to different tracks and leaving proper

space using permanent marker.

 Etching
In this process, all excess copper is removed leaving behind only
the drawn pattern. To do etching the aqueous solution of ferric chloride with
the quantity depending upon the size of the PCB to be etched is then poured
in the tray. The etching process may take about half an hour. The laminate is
now thoroughly washed in water after etching is completed. The mark is
then removed with alcohol.

 Drilling-Tinning
After etching the process employed is drilling of holes. The
diameter of holes varies from component. It is 1mm per IC pins, 1.25mm for
resistors and capacitors 1.5mm for diodes and even larger mounting presets.
Using a soldering iron can do the oxidation of copper portions can be
prevented by tinning that.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

SOLDERING
Soldering is the process of joining metals by lower melting metal to
wet or alloy with adjoined surfaces.

SOLDER
Solder is the joining material that melts below 427 degree Celsius.
Soldered joints in electronic circuits will establish string connection between
components leads .The popularly used solders are alloys of tin & lead that
melts below the melting point of tin.

FLUXES
In order to make the surfaces accept solder readily, the component
terminals are made free from oxides and other obstructing films. The leads
are cleaned chemically or by abrasion using blades or knives. Small amounts
of lead coating are done on the clean portion of leads using soldering iron.
This process is called tinning. Zinc chloride or ammonium chloride
separately or in combination are used fluxes. These are in available in
petroleum jelly as paste flux. The residues which remain after soldering is
washed out with more water accompanied by brushing.

SOLDERING IRON
It is the tools used to melt the solder apply at the joints in the
circuits. It operates in 230volts mains supply. The iron bit at the tip of it gets
heated up with in few minutes. 50W and 25W soldering irons are commonly
used soldering purpose.

PROCEDURE
1. The layout of the connection of the components in the circuit is taken.
The chord of the soldering iron is plugged to the main supply to get it
heated up.
2. The component leads are straightened and cleaned using blade or
knife. Then a little flux is applied on the leads. A little solder is taken
on soldering iron and is applied on molten solder on the leads. Care is
taken to avoid the components getting heated up.
3. The components are mounted on the PCB by bending the leads of
components using nose pliers.
4. Flux is applied on the joints to solder it. To avoid dry soldering and
heating up of the components, it is done in minimum time.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

5. The residues are removed using water and brush.

COMPONENTS & PRICE LIST

ITEM COMPONENT SPECIFICATION QUANTITY PRICE

NO. (Rs.)
1 Transformer 230/6-0-6V, 1A 1 43.00
2 Diode IN 4001 4 04.00
10KΩ 9 04.50
3 Resistor 2.2KΩ 1 00.50
1KΩ 1 00.50
560Ω 7 03.50
1000 μ F, 25V 1 06.00
4 Capacitor 0.1 μ F 1 01.00
0.01 μ F 1 01.00
74373 1 25.00
74147 1 20.00
7447 1 15.00
7430 1 15.00
5 IC 7404 1 12.00
7400 1 15.00
7805 1 10.00
6 Switch Push to on 9 27.00
7 Display FND 507 1 20.00
8 Buzzer 5V 1 15.00
9 Transistor CK 100 1 15.00
10 PCB 2 150.00
11 Wires Single strand 17.50

Total Price 420.50

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages

 Good accuracy in use.

 Easy to operate and handle.
 High Efficiency

Disadvantages

 It is costly compared to ordinary quiz buzzer.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

DATA SHEETS

1) IC 74LS00

Description
These devices contain four independent 2-input NAND gates.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

2) IC 74LS04
Description
These devices contain six independent NOT gates.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

3)IC 74LS30

Description
These devices contain a single 8 input NAND Gate.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

4)IC 74LS373

Description
These 8-bit registers feature 3-state outputs designed specifically for driving
highly capacitive or relatively low-impedance loads. The
high-impedance 3-state and increased high-logic-level drive provide these
registers with the capability of being connected directly to and
driving the bus lines in a bus-organized system without need for interface or
pullup components. These devices are particularly attractive for
implementing buffer registers, I/O ports, bidirectional bus drivers, and
working registers. The eight latches of the ’LS373 and ’S373 are transparent
D-type latches, meaning that while the enable (C or CLK) input is high, the
Q outputs follow the data (D) inputs. When C or CLK is taken low, the
output is latched at the level of the data that was set up.The eight flip-flops
of the ’LS374 and ’S374 are
edge-triggered D-type flip-flops. On the positive transition of the clock, the
Q outputs are set to the logic states that were set up at the D inputs.Schmitt-
trigger buffered inputs at the enable/clock lines of the ’S373 and ’S374
devices simplify system design as ac and dc noise rejection is improved by

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

typically 400 mV due to the input hysteresis. A buffered output-control (OC)

input can be used to place the eight outputs in either a normal logic state
(high or low logic levels) or the high-impedance state. In the high-
impedance state, the outputs neither load nor drive the bus lines
significantly. OC does not affect the internal operation of the latches or flip-
flops. That is, the old data can be retained or new data can be entered, even
while the outputs are off.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

5)IC 74LS147

Description
These TTL encoders feature priority decoding of the inputs to ensure that
only the highest-order data line is encoded. The ’147 and ’LS147 devices
encode nine data lines to four-line (8-4-2-1) BCD. The implied decimal zero
condition requires no input condition, as zero is encoded when all nine data
lines are at a high logic level.Cascading circuitry(enable input EI and enable
output EO) has been provided to allow octal expansion without the need for
external circuitry. For all types, data inputs and outputs are active at the low

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

logic level. All inputs are buffered to represent one normalized Series 54/74
or 54/74LS load, respectively.

6)IC 74LS47

Description
The 74LS47 feature active-low outputs designed for driving common-anode
LEDs or incandescent indicators directly.74LS47 circuit incorporate
automatic leading and/or traling-edge zero-blanking control .Inputs and
outputs are entirely compatible for use with TTL logic outputs.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

7)IC 7805

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. www.electronic-circuits.com

2. www.alldatasheet.com

3. E F Y Magazine

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

11. CONCLUSION

JAM circuit overcomes all the disadvantages of ordinary quiz buzzer.

Thus use of JAM circuit in the quiz program competition is more suitable.
This project costs only about Rs. 450/-. The commercial production reduces
the cost to around Rs. 300/-.

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur

Mini Project-06 JAM - Just A Minute Circuit

Dept. Of Electronics & Communication Engg. GCE Kannur