Second language acquisition

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Second language acquisition or second language learning is the process by which people learn a second language. Second language acquisition (often capitalized as Second Language Acquisition or abbreviated to SLA) is also the name of the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process. Second language refers to any language learned in addition to a person's first language; although the concept is named second language acquisition, it can also incorporate the learning of third, fourth or subsequent languages.[1] Second language acquisition refers to what learners do; it does not refer to practices in language teaching. The academic discipline of second language acquisition is a sub-discipline of applied linguistics. It is broadbased and relatively new. As well as the various branches of linguistics, second language acquisition is also closely related to psychology, cognitive psychology, andeducation. To separate the academic discipline from the learning process itself, the terms second language acquisition research, second language studies, and second language acquisition studies are also used. SLA research began as an interdisciplinary field, and because of this it is difficult to identify a precise starting date. However, it does appear to have developed a great deal since the mid-1960s.[2] The termacquisition was originally used to emphasize the subconscious nature of the learning process,[3] but in recent years learning and acquisitionhave become largely synonymous.

Second language acquisition can incorporate heritage language learning,[4] but it does not usually incorporate bilingualism. Most SLA researchers see bilingualism as being the end result of learning a language, not the process itself, and see the term as referring to native-like fluency. Writers in fields such as education and psychology, however, often use bilingualism loosely to refer to all forms of multilingualism.[5]Second language acquisition is also not to be contrasted with the acquisition of a foreign language; rather, the learning of second languages and the learning of foreign languages involve the same fundamental processes in different situations.[6] There has been much debate about exactly how language is learned, and many issues are still unresolved. There have been many theories of second language acquisition that have been proposed, but none has been accepted as an overarching theory by all SLA researchers. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the field of second language acquisition, this is not expected to happen in the foreseeable future.

What is second language acquisition?

Second language acquisition, or sequential language acquisition, is learning a second language after a first language is already established. Many times this happens when a child who speaks a language other than English goes to school for the first time. Children have an easier time learning a second language, but anyone can do it at any age. It takes a lot of practice!

ww.asha.org/public/speech/developemt/second.htm

From wGoals This course has three goals: 1) Fostering an understanding of the principles and processes that govern second language learning and use. SLA will be examined from three vantage points. 2) Developing the ability to think critically about research findings in the field. Research is a dynamic process, in which today's understandings give way to tomorrow's insights. You will be encouraged to take an inquiring and analytic approach to the readings and lecture material. 3) Understanding the relationship between SLA research and second language instruction. An understanding of the basic processes involved in second language acquistion should serve as the backdrop for reflective teaching practice.www.ingilish.com

1. as linguistic knowledge 2. as a cognitive skill 3. as a socially and personality-meditated process