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Introduction to tour:
On Wednesday 25 May 2011 we left from university at 8:00am for Sheikhupura by the Sheikhupura road. 1st of all we add diesel in buses at petrol pump. Then we started our journey for Sheikhupura and reached Shahkot at 9:00am. We continue our journey and at least reached in Sheikhupura at 11:00 am.
Purposes of farm:
To spread basic research in whole districts Do survey for verities and farmers fields Provide extension services to farmers Establish trials for 2-3 years for approval of varieties Disseminate the technology to farmers Provide awareness to farmers He told that the 1st project was in 1980 and no new research is done in this institute. Its only mean to adopt the verities in regional areas. The departments that work in this institute are agronomy, engineering, plant protection, economics and PBG. Research is undergoing in wheat. Rice and vegetables.
Tunnel farm:
The director of tunnel farm M. liaquat told us about the tunnel farming. He told that three types of tunnel farms. a. High tunnels b. Low tunnels c. Intermediate tunnels He told that the main purposes of tunnels to produce the summer vegetables in winters. In Punjab summer vegetables are less and brought from Sindh.
Tunnels operations:
Soil selection Seed selection Farm layout Transplanting of seedlings Irrigation Hanging of plants for providing of space Timely picking of fruits Grading Packing Marketing
Predators of aphids;
Lady bird beetle (11 spotted, 7 spotted, zigzag spotted) Crysoprilla cornia
Resistance against diseases and pests Suitability for the local areas Quality and quantity maintenance Varieties produced by institute: Total 19 varieties are produced by the institute in which Varieties Basmati-319 Basmati-515 Super basmati Kernel basmati Pak basmati Basmati-198 BASMATI-325 Super basmati1996 Basmati-2000 Shaheen basmati yield 30-40 monds 65-70 monds 65-68 monds 60 monds 50-55 monds 60-65 monds 50-60 monds 66-70 monds 55-60 monds 40-50 monds
Head quarter is in Lahore Regional head quarters are in Peshawar, Quata, Hyderabad and Muzafarabad. Functions:
Land resource inventories Arial photograph, soil survey Land information services Laboratories services Soil reference centre information services Consulting and training services
Main components:
Updation of land resource inventory of Pakistan Land evaluation Preparation of national use plan Preparation of legal network for plan Water logging, sodication, salinization, soil erosion, fertility depletion, structure deterioration, contamination with chemicals, industrial waste water and degradation of land resources.
Achievements:
a. Report writing and maps b. Preparation of 32 reports and 128 maps c. National institute for research of soil and geomatics:
Objectives:
Arranging courses for research organizations
Weakness:
a. Lack of awareness and their proper utilization b. Non transfer of modern technology to research workers and end users
Geomatics:
Depend on remote sensing and GIS. In geomatics following activities are performed. Displines of survey Survey and mapping Survey of army camps Survey of infrastructure and crops
Hills/mountains Lakes/wetland In land forms the geology and morphology are study. After this we drank juices and left for DLR at 11:00 am.
Objectives:
a. b. c. d. e. To identifying the causes of salinity/sodicity and water logging in Punjab To combat with problems of salinity/sodicity in Punjab To keep vigilant eye on soil degrading To implement and to regulate the reclamation operations To conduct the basic and applied research on soil reclamation and ground water management f. Soil and groundwater monitoring in Chaj Doab
Use of tensiometer:
Tensiometer is use to know the time that is suitable to irrigate the crops. The more reading of meter show more need of water for crops.
Use of lysimeter:
It is used to know the better use of water by the crops. It is made of two words lysi means water and meter means measurement. It is 1st time used in the directorate in 1972.
Irrigation water criteria for fitness: Ec <1.50 dS/m SAR <10.00 RSC <1.25 me/L
Methods of reclamation:
a. b. c. d. e. Physical methods Chemical methods Biological methods Hydro technical Erector chemical reclamation
Environmental issues:
Cutting of tress. Dust smoke causing air pollution. Noise pollution due to vehicle and machinery. Contamination of surface and groundwater Damage to flora and fauna.
Use of saline water for crops with some amendments: Use of water having more Ec:
If canal water is also available then use alternate irrigation of tubwell and canal irrigation. In this process the salts will leach down and crop will be good.
said Magrib prayer. Then we went to liberty market for dinner and did dinner from 8:00 to 10:00 pm in liberty market. After dinner we went to Gaddafi Stadium where we ate ice cream and stayed there about one hour. Then we came back to hostels at 12:00 am.
Soil analysis:
pH, Ec, organic matter, Phosphorus, Potassium, Texture, and all micronutrients are analyses here in soil samples.
Water analysis:
Ec, Cl, SAR, RSC, cations and anions are determined in water samples.
Fertilizers analysis:
All major, micro and basic nutrients are analyzed. Heavy metals and cheleated products are also analyzed.
Criterias of soil:
pH, SAR and Ec
Ec
<4 >4 <4 >4
SAR
<13 <13 >13 >13
Status
Non saline-non Sodic Saline Sodic Saline-Sodic
Zn Cu Fe Mn
Laboratories:
Laboratories are present in Lahore, Sheikhupura, kasur and Okara.
Fertilizers analysis:
These analyses are conduct for various purposes such as, Farm advisory Fertilizers control order Research samples are analyzed
Laboratory instruments:
Fume hood Nitrogen distillation unit Spectrophotometer Flame photometer Atomic absorption spectrophotometer Inductive couple plasma (ICP) Gas chromatography (GC) High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Field wing:
pH
7-7.50 7.51-8.50 >8.51
Status
No alkaline Alkaline Sodic
Message:
Balance fertilizer should be a good tool for better production. The P efficiency in soil is only 10-25 % while the efficiency of Nitrogen is 30-40 %. Enrich soil with proper fertilizers in balance amount. Do regular test of soil and water and also fertilizers.
Utilization of crop residues should do and addition of gypsum in Sodic soils and in brackish water.
Laboratory visits:
Chemistry lab: Emission spectroscope: This instrument can determined 21 elements at a time and give reading in 40 seconds. Nitrogen and carbon gases are used in it, nitrogen is used as a carrier. 4-5 hours light supply should provide when analysis is continue. Rs-10000 per sample for registration is charged. In chemistry lab the soil and water samples are analyzed for salinity and Sodicity assessment. HPLC and GC: More accurately analyzed the samples while gas chromatography is not so much accurate in performance. Fertilizer lab: In fertilizer lab the tests of N,P and K is done. The tests are done for the following purposes. Claim test Quality monitor Registration
Thanks.