Implications of emerging mobile wireless network technologies on the future Internet

Srinivasan Seshan Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University

(Thanks to D. Raychaudhuri and WMPG for slides/ideas)

Wireless is THE Key Driver for the Future Internet

Historic shift from PCs to mobile computing and embedded devices
>2B cell phones vs. 500M Internet-connected PCs in 2005 >400M cell phones with Internet capability, rising rapidly Sensor deployment just starting, but some estimates ~510B units by 2015
~750M servers/PCs, >1B laptops, PDAs, cell phones, sensors ~500M server/PCs, ~100M laptops/PDAs
Wireless Wireless Edge Edge Network Network

INTERNET INTERNET

INTERNET INTERNET
Wireless Wireless Edge Edge Network Network

2005

2010

Implications: Market Size

Past efforts emphasis on adapting wireless nodes to support existing architecture
Wireless TCP, Mobile IP, etc. Adoption of these evolutionary changes has lagged expectations

Market size justifies more dramatic changes

Broader architectural changes to support range of issues created by wireless systems Consider changes to Internet that may simplify future wireless system design
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Trends: Growing Deployment Diversity

Past: largely 802.11 campus networks with laptops FUTURE
Radio technology
Sensor radios, 3+G cellular, Bluetooth, UWB, WiMax, software radios, and RFID

Deployment styles
Homes, hot-spots, airports and infrastructure/municipal networks

Devices
Laptops, PDAs, audio/video equipment, appliances, sensors and Constellations of devices

Scale
Billions of sensors & RFID tags expected by 2015
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Trends: Growing Application Diversity

Collision Avoidance: Car Networks Mesh Networks

Wired Internet

Access Point

Sensor Relay Node

Ad-Hoc/Sensor Networks

Wireless Home Multimedia

Implications: Diversity
Wireless Wireless Edge Edge Network Network

INTERNET INTERNET

INTERNET INTERNET
Wireless Wireless Edge Edge Network Network

2005

2010

New architectures must accommodate rapidly evolving technology Must accommodate different optimization goals
Power, coverage, capacity, price

May need to evaluate designs in heterogeneous settings

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Trends: Spectrum Scarcity

#APs Max @ 1 spot 54 76 85 39

Densities of unlicensed devices already high

Portland San Diego San Fran Boston

8683 7934 3037 2551

Spectrum is scarce will get worse

Improve spectrum utilization (currently 10%)

Implications: Spectrum Scarcity

Interference and unpredictable behavior
Need better management/diagnosis tools

Lack of isolation between deployments

Cross-domain and cross-technology

Why is my 802.11 not working?

Implications: Spectrum Scarcity

Irrelevant to Internet architecture?
Possible changes to Internet to enable solutions Non-IP devices will play a significant role
What can the Internet do for them?

Early explorations into opportunistic use of spectrum Explicit sharing of spectrum fair allocation
Similar to other Internet resource allocation problems Need to monitor spectrum to ensure fair-play

Architectural Components: Addressing and Identity

Supporting mobility in the Internet has been a deployment failure
Firewalls, reverse path filtering Route optimization support

Alternative approach: separating identity and address

Several existing proposals Support for hierarchical group identity for constellations Support for mobility for nodes and constellations

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Architectural Components: Cross-layer Optimization

Cross-layer optimizations have been critical in wireless networks of the past
Wireless TCP, adaptive applications, route selection

Need architectural support to simplify such improvements Enable adaptation to connectivity properties/location Configure radio to produced desired behavior at higher layers Expose current behavior of radio link Accommodate future link evolution
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Architectural Components: Management and Diagnosis

Efficient, ubiquitous wireless will have to be self-managing Scale and dynamic environment Too difficult for non-experts Simple management of policy level features
What steps do users have to go through to: group nodes together, enable guest access, ..

Must accommodate lack of traditional boundaries between domains Need to measure currently hidden properties (propagation properties, configuration of other domains, location of transmitters, etc.) Detection of abuse important Help in diagnosis of problems
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Architectural Components: Incentives and Economics

Enable third-party store and forwarding services
Incentives for forwarding data or providing connectivity How to billing for roaming access?

Mechanisms for negotiating spectrum use

Incentives for sharing spectrum fairly

Securing resource (spectrum/forwarding) use

Ensuring that use matches specified behavior How to police use?
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Other Architectural Components

Location awareness Using location for addressing/identity APIs Coordinates vs. symbolic representation Delay/disconnection tolerance Should be able to operate infrastructure free Security, privacy & trust
Design must address lack of isolation and infrastructure free operation

Many others trends and architectural components See NSF Wireless/Mobile Planning Group Workshop Report (http://www.winlab.rutgers.edu/WMPG/)
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