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Batuan Sediment : 1.

Breccia

Breccia is a term most often used for clastic sedimentary rocks that are composed of large angular fragments (over two millimeters in diameter). The spaces between the large angular fragments can be filled with a matrix of smaller particles or a mineral cement that binds the rock together. Breccia has many compositions. Its composition is mainly determined by the rock and mineral material that the angular fragments were produced from. The climate of the source area can also influence composition. Most breccias are a mix of rock fragments and mineral grains. The type of rock that the fragments were produced from is often used as an adjective when referring to the rock. Some examples: sandstone breccia, limestone breccia, granite breccia, chert breccia, basalt breccia and others. Often a breccia will contain many types of angular rock fragments. These are known as polymict breccias or polymictic breccias. Breccia can be any color. The color of the matrix or cement along with the color of the angular rock fragments determine its color. Breccia can be a very colorful rock as shown in the photo at the top of this page.

Breksi: Breksi terbentuk karena pengaruh temperatur sehingga termasuk batuan sedimen klastik. Beberapa breksi mengalami pelapukan yang kemudian ditransfortasikan dan selanjutnya mengendap. Breksi banyak jenisnya sari mulai limestone breksi, basal breksi, sandstone breksi, granit breksi dan sebagainya. Warna breksi sangat bermacam macam.

2. Chert

Chert is a microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline sedimentary rock material composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2). It occurs as nodules, concretionary masses and as layered deposits. Chert breaks with a conchoidal fracture, often producing very sharp edges. Early people took advantage of how chert breaks and used it to fashion cutting tools and weapons. Dark varieties of chert are common and are often called "flint". Chert: This specimen of chert is about two inches (five centimeters) across. It displays conchoidal fracture and has broken to produce sharp edges. Most chert forms when microcrystals of silicon dioxide grow within soft sediments that will become limestone or chalk. In these sediments, enormous numbers of silicon dioxide microcrystals grow into irregularly-shaped nodules or concretions as dissolved silica is transported to the formation site by the movement of ground water. If the nodules or concretions are numerous they can enlarge and merge with one another to form a nearly continuous layer of chert within the sediment mass. Chert formed in this manner is a chemical sedimentary rock. Some of the silicon dioxide in chert is thought to have a biological origin. In some oceans and shallow seas large numbers of diatoms and radiolarians live in the water. These organisms have a glassy silica skeleton. Some sponges also produce "spicules" that are composed of silica. When these organisms die their silica skeletons fall to the bottom, dissolve, recrystallize and might become part of a chert nodule or chert layer. Chert formed in this way could be considered a biological sedimentary rock.

Chert occurs in a wide variety of colors. Continuous color gradients exist between white and black or between cream and brown. Green, yellow and red cherts are also common. The darker colors can result from inclusions of sediment or organic matter. The name "flint" is often used in reference to the darker colors of chert. Red to reddish-brown cherts receive their color from included iron oxide. The name "jasper" is frequently used for these reddish cherts. Chert has very few uses today; however, it was a very important toolmaking material in the past. Chert has two properties that made it especially useful: 1) it breaks with a conchoidal fracture to form very sharp edges, and, 2) it is very hard (7 on the Mohs Scale). The edges of broken chert are sharp and tend to retain their sharpness because chert is a very hard and very durable rock. Thousands of years ago people discovered these properties of chert and learned how to intentionally break it to produce cutting tools such as knife blades, arrowheads, scrapers, and ax heads. Tons of chert fragments have been found at locations where these objects were produced in what was one of the earliest manufacturing activities of people.

Kuarsa: Kuarsa merupakan mikrokristalin batuan sedimen yang memiliki komposisi senyawa (SiO2). Pecahan nya termasuk ke dalam konkoidal sedangkan belahannya tidak ada. Warna batuan kuarsa bervariasi antara putih dan hitam, antara krem dan coklat atau kuning dan merah. Kuarsa memiliki tingkat kekerasan 7 pada skala mosh. Batuan ini pula termasuk jenis batuan asam.

3. Conglomerate

Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock that contains large (greater than two millimeters in diameter) rounded clasts. The space between the clasts is generally filled with smaller particles and/or a chemical cement that binds the rock together. Conglomerate can have a variety of compositions. As a clastic sedimentary rock it can contain clasts of any rock material or weathering product that is washed downstream or down current. The rounded clasts of conglomerate can be mineral particles such as quartz or they can be sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous rock fragments. The matrix that binds the large clasts together can be a mixture of sand, mud and chemical cement.

Konglomerat: Konglomerat adalah asalh satu batuan sedimen non klastik yang memiliki

diameter butirnya 2mm. Proses pembentukannya hampir sama dengan batuan sedimen yang lainnya. Batuan memiliki struktur berupa jejak dan ukuran butirnya termasuk dalam kerakal.

4. Iron Ore

Earth's most important iron ore deposits are found in sedimentary rocks. They formed from chemical reactions that combined iron and oxygen in marine and fresh waters. The two most important minerals in these deposits are iron oxides: hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). These iron ores have been mined to produce almost every iron and steel object that we use today - from paper clips to automobiles to the steel beams in skyscrapers. Iron Ore: A specimen of oolitic hematite iron ore. The specimen shown is about two inches (five centimeters) across

Bijih besi: Di bumi ini sangat beragam bijih besi yang termasuk dalam batuan sedimen. Dimana dintaranya ada 2 bijih besi yang dapat bereaksi dengan oksigen, yaitu hematite (Fe2O3) dan magnetite (Fe3O4). Diameter ukuran butirnya sekitar 5 cm.

5. Shale

Shale is a clastic sedimentary rock that is made up of clay-size (less then 1/256 millimeter in diameter) weathering debris. It typically breaks into thin flat pieces. Shale: The specimen shown is about two inches (five centimeters) across.

Serpih: Serpih adalah salah astu batuan sedimen klastik yang terbuat dari lempung yang diameternya lebih kecil dari 1/256 mm.

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