Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
V+ = VI+ = I- = 0
infinity
2.4.2 Integrator
I2 I1 = (Vi - V-)/R1 I2 = C d(V- - Vo)/dt I1 set I1 = I2, (Vi - V-)/R1 = C d(V- - Vo)/dt but V- = V+ = 0 Vi/R1 = -C d(Vo)/dt Solve for Vo Vo = -(1/CR1)( Vi dt) CR1 is the time constant 1/CR1 is integrator frequency
Negative
Current in R1, R2, and R3 add to current in Rf (V1 - V-)/R1 + (V2 - V-)/R2 + (V3 - V-)/R3 = (V- - Vo)/Rf Set V- = V+ = 0, V1/R1 + V2/R2 + V3/R3 = - Vo/Rf solve for Vo, Vo = -Rf(V1/R1 + V2/R2 + V3/R3) This circuit is called a weighted summer
Problem 2.28
Given an integrator with a time constant of 1mS, with a square wave input as shown below, find the output. Vo = -(1/CR1)( Vi dt) 1V CR1 = 1mS, and Vi =1V for 0 < t < 0.5mS Vo = -(1/1mS)( dt), for 0 < t < 0.5mS Vo = -(t/1mS), for 0 < t < 0.5mS
0 0.5 1 1.5
-1V
Problem 2.28
1V Vo = -(t/1mS), for 0 < t < 0.5mS Vo = (t/1mS), for 0.5 < t < 1.0mS When t = 0.5mS, Vo = 0.5V t
0 0.5 1 1.5
Exercise 2.6
Design an integrator (find RC) such that the output has a 20Vp-p amplitude given the input below. Vo = -(1/CR)( Vi dt) Vi 10V Vi = 10V, 0 < t < 1.0mS
2mS
-10V
RC = 0.5mS
I I Vi
Vo = Vi(1+R2/R1)
Positive
Buffer amplifier
OR
infinity
Rin = Vin / I, from definition VI V+ Rin = Vin / 0 Vout = A(V+ -V-) Rin = infinity
I = [Vin - A (V+ - V-)] / R But V+ = 0 Vout = A(V+ - V-) I = [Vin - A( -Vin)] / R Rin = VinR / [Vin (1+A)] As A approaches infinity, Rin = 0
Difference amplifier
Use superposition, set V1 = 0, solve for Vo (noninverting amp) set V2 = 0, solve for Vo (inverting amp)
Difference amplifier
V2 R4/(R3+R4)
When measuring Rin at one input, ground all other inputs. V1 => Rin = R1, same as inverting amp V2 => Rin = R3 + R4
10
Instrumentation Amplifier
11
Prob. 2.55
I + V I (a) Find Rin at V1. Ground V2, Rin = R. (b) Find Rin at V2. Ground V1, Rin = 2R.
(c) Find Rin between V1 and V2. Rin = V/I from definition. Write voltage loop, V = IR + IR, I = V/2R Rin = V/I = V2R/V Rin = 2R
Prob. 2.55
(d) Find Rin between V1 and V2 connected together and ground. Rin = V/I from definition I1 = V/2R from Ohms law V I1 = V/2R V/2 Rin = V/ (I1 + I2) = V2R/2V Rin = R I2 = (V - V/2)R = V/2R because V+ = V-
I +
I2
12