Introduction to SQL

Introduction List the Oracle Database 10g Main Features An Overview of: components, internet platform, apps server and developer suite Describe Relational and Object Relational Database Designs Review the System Development Life Cycle Define the term Data Models Describe different means of Sorting Data Show how Multiple Tables can be related Describe how SQL Communicates to the Database Writing SQL SELECT Statements Define projection, selection, and join terminology Review the basic SQL SELECT statement syntax Select all columns using a wildcard notation from a table State simple rules and guidelines for writing SQL statements Write a query containing the arithmetic operators Create a character expression with the concatenation operator Using the iSQL*Plus Environment SQL statements versus iSQL*Plus commands Restricting and Sorting Data Limit rows using a selection Using the WHERE clause to retrieve specific rows Using the comparison conditions in the WHERE clause Use the LIKE condition to compare literal values List the logical conditions AND, OR, NOT Describe the rules of precedence for the conditions Sort rows with the ORDER BY clause Use ampersand substitution in iSQL*Plus to restrict and sort output at run time Using Single-Row Functions to Customize Output Show the differences between single row and multiple row SQL functions Categorize the character functions into case manipulation and character manipulation types Use the character manipulation functions in the SELECT and WHERE clauses Explain and use the DATE and numeric functions Use the SYSDATE function to retrieve the current date in the default format Introduce the DUAL table as a means to view function results List the rules for applying the arithmetic operators on dates Use the arithmetic operators with dates in the SELECT clause Reporting Aggregated Data Using the Group Functions Describe and categorize the group functions Use the group functions Utilize the DISTINCT keyword with the group functions Describe how nulls are handled with the group functions

Create groups of data with the GROUP BY clause Group data by more than one column Avoid illegal queries with the group functions Exclude groups of data with the HAVING clause Displaying Data from Multiple Tables Identify Types of Joins Retrieve Records with Natural Joins Use Table Aliases to write shorter code and explicitly identify columns from multiple tables Create a Join with the USING clause to identify specific columns between tables Use the ON clause to specify arbitrary conditions or specify columns to Join Create a Three-way join with the ON clause to retrieve information from 3 tables List the Types of Outer Joins LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL Generating a Cartesian Product Using Sub queries to Solve Queries List the syntax for sub queries in a SELECT statements WHERE clause List the guidelines for using sub queries Describe the types of sub queries Execute single row sub queries and use the group functions in a sub query Identify illegal statements with sub queries Execute multiple row sub queries Analyze how the ANY and ALL operators work in multiple row sub queries Using the SET Operators Use the UNION operator to return all rows from multiple tables and eliminate any duplicate rows Use the UNION ALL operator to return all rows from multiple tables Describe the INTERSECT operator Use the INTERSECT operator Explain the MINUS operator Use the MINUS operator List the SET operator guidelines Order results when using the UNION operator Manipulating Data Write INSERT statements to add rows to a table Copy rows from another table Create UPDATE statements to change data in a table Generate DELETE statements to remove rows from a table Use a script to manipulate data Save and discard changes to a table through transaction processing Show how read consistency works Describe the TRUNCATE statement Using DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables List the main database objects and describe the naming rules for database objects Introduce the schema concept Display the basic syntax for creating a table and show the DEFAULT option Explain the different types of constraints

Show resulting exceptions when constraints are violated with DML statements Create a table with a sub query Describe the ALTER TABLE functionality Remove a table with the DROP statement and Rename a table Creating Other Schema Objects Categorize simple and complex views and compare them Create a view Retrieve data from a view Explain a read-only view List the rules for performing DML on complex views Create a sequence List the basic rules for when to create and not create an index Create a synonym Managing Objects with Data Dictionary Views Describe the structure of each of the dictionary views List the purpose of each of the dictionary views Write queries that retrieve information from the dictionary views on the schema objects Use the COMMENT command to document objects Controlling User Access Controlling User Access System versus Objects Privileges Using Roles to define user groups Changing Your Password Granting Object Privileges Confirming Privileges Granted Revoking Object Privileges Using Database Links Manage Schema Objects Using the ALTER TABLE statement Adding a Column Modifying a Column Dropping a Column, Set Column UNUSED Adding, Enabling and Disabling Constraints Creating Function-Based Indexes Performing FLASHBACK operations External Tables Manipulating Large Data Sets Using the MERGE Statement Performing DML with Sub queries Performing DML with a RETURNING Clause Overview of Multi-table INSERT Statements Tracking Changes in DML Generating Reports by Grouping Related Data Overview of GROUP BY Clause Overview of Having Clause Aggregating data with ROLLUP and CUBE Operators

Determine subtotal groups using GROUPING Functions Compute multiple groupings with GROUPING SETS Define levels of aggregation with Composite Columns Create combinations with Concatenated Groupings Managing Data in Different Time Zones Time Zones Using date and time functions Identifying TIMESTAMP Data Types Differentiating between DATE and TIMESTAMP Performing Conversion Operations Searching Data Using Advanced Sub queries Sub query Overview Using a Sub query Comparing several columns using Multiple-Column Sub queries Defining a Data source Using a Sub query in the FROM Clause Returning one Value using Scalar Sub query Expressions Performing ROW by-row processing with Correlated Sub queries Reusing query blocks using the WITH Clause Hierarchical Retrieval Sample Data from the EMPLOYEES Table The Tree Structure of Employee data Hierarchical Queries Ranking Rows with LEVEL Formatting Hierarchical Reports Using LEVEL and LPAD Pruning Branches with the WHERE and CONNECT BY clauses Regular Expression Support Regular Expression Support Overview Describing simple and complex patterns for searching and manipulating data

Oracle Database 10g: Program with PL/SQL

Introduction to PL/SQL What is PL/SQL PL/SQL Environment Benefits of PL/SQL Overview of the Types of PL/SQL blocks Create and Execute a Simple Anonymous Block Generate Output from a PL/SQL Block iSQL*Plus as PL/SQL Programming Environment Declaring PL/SQL Identifiers Identify the Different Types of Identifiers in a PL/SQL subprogram Use the Declarative Section to Define Identifiers List the Uses for Variables Store Data in Variables Declare PL/SQL Variables

Writing Executable Statements Describe Basic Block Syntax Guidelines Use Literals in PL/SQL Customize Identifier Assignments with SQL Functions Use Nested Blocks as Statements Reference an Identifier Value in a Nested Block Qualify an Identifier with a Label Use Operators in PL/SQL Use Proper PL/SQL Block Syntax and Guidelines Interacting with the Oracle Server Identify the SQL Statements You Can Use in PL/SQL Include SELECT Statements in PL/SQL Retrieve Data in PL/SQL with the SELECT Statement Avoid Errors by Using Naming Conventions When Using Retrieval and DML Statements Manipulate Data in the Server Using PL/SQL The SQL Cursor concept Use SQL Cursor Attributes to Obtain Feedback on DML Save and Discard Transactions Writing Control Structures Control PL/SQL Flow of Execution Conditional processing Using IF Statements Conditional Processing CASE Statements Handle Nulls to Avoid Common Mistakes Build Boolean Conditions with Logical Operators Use Iterative Control with Looping Statements Working with Composite Data Types Learn the Composite Data Types of PL/SQL Records and Tables Use PL/SQL Records to Hold Multiple Values of Different Types Inserting and Updating with PL/SQL Records Use INDEX BY Tables to Hold Multiple Values of the Same Data Type Using Explicit Cursors Cursor FOR Loops Using Sub-queries Increase the Flexibility of Cursors By Using Parameters Use the FOR UPDATE Clause to Lock Rows Use the WHERE CURRENT Clause to Reference the Current Row Use Explicit Cursors to Process Rows Explicit Cursor Attributes Cursors and Records Handling Exceptions Handling Exceptions with PL/SQL Predefined Exceptions Trapping Non-predefined Oracle Server Errors Functions that Return Information on Encountered Exceptions Trapping User-Defined Exceptions Propagate Exceptions Use The RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR Procedure To Report Errors To Applications

Creating Stored Procedures Describe the block structure for PL/SQL stored procedures Invoke a stored procedure/function from different tools Call a stored procedure with host variables from iSQL*Plus, Forms, Java, C, etc Invoke a stored procedure from an anonymous block or another stored procedure List the CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE syntax Identify the development steps for creating a stored procedure Use the SHOW ERRORS command View source code in the USER_SOURCE dictionary view Creating Stored Functions Describe stored functions List the CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION syntax Identify the steps to create a stored function Execute a stored function Identify the advantages of using stored functions in SQL statements Identify the restrictions of calling functions from SQL statements Remove a function Creating Packages List the advantages of packages Describe packages Show the components of a package Diagram the visibility of constructs within a package Develop a package Create the package specification Declare public constructs Create the package body Using More Package Concepts List the benefits of overloading Show overloading example Use forward declarations in packages Create a one-time only procedure (package code initialization) List the restrictions on package functions used in SQL Encapsulate code in a package demonstration Invoke a user-defined package function from a SQL statement Utilize the persistent state of package variables Utilizing Oracle Supplied Packages in Application Development List the various uses for the Oracle supplied packages Reuse pre-packaged code to complete various tasks from developer to DBA purposes Use the DESCRIBE command to view the package specifications and overloading Explain how DBMS_OUTPUT works (in conjunction with SET SERVEROUPUT ON) Interact with operating system files with UTL_MAIL Describe file processing with UTL_FILE Review UTL_FILE routines and exceptions Use UTL_FILE to generate a report to a file Dynamic SQL and Metadata Describe using native dynamic SQL List the execution flow of SQL

Show the syntax for the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement for native dynamic SQL Create a procedure to generate native dynamic SQL using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE to delete rows from a table Describe the DBMS_SQL package Provide an example of DBMS_SQL List the advantages of using Native Dynamic SQL Over the DBMS_SQL package Design Considerations for PL/SQL Code Standardize constants with a constant package Standardize exceptions with an exception handling package Introduce local sub-programs Use local sub-programs Track run time errors with an exception package Describe the NOCOPY compiler hint Use the NOCOPY compiler hint Explain the effects of NOCOPY Managing Dependencies Define dependent and referenced objects Diagram dependencies with code, views, procedures, and tables Manage local dependencies between a procedure, view, and a table Analyze a scenario of local dependencies Display direct dependencies using the USER_DEPENDENCIES view Run the UTL_DTREE.SQL script to create objects that enable you to view direct and indirect dependencies Predict the effects of changes on dependent objects Manipulating Large Objects Describe a LOB object Diagram the anatomy of a LOB Manage and list the features on internal LOBs Describe, manage, and secure BFILEs Create and use the DIRECTORY object to access and use BFILEs Prepare BFILEs for usage Use the BFILENAME function to load BFILEs Describe the DBMS_LOB package Creating Triggers Describe the different types of triggers and how they execute List the benefits and guidelines of using database triggers Show how triggers are executed with a basic database trigger example Show syntax and create DML triggers, and list the DML trigger components Explain the firing sequence of triggers Create a DML statement and row level triggers Use the OLD and NEW qualifiers to reference column values Use conditional predicates with triggers Applications for Triggers Create triggers for DDL events of CREATE, ALTER, and DROP Create triggers for system events of SERVERERROR, STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, LOGON and LOGOFF

Define a mutating table Describe business application scenarios for implementing with triggers Describe the privileges required to manage triggers Understanding and Influencing the PL/SQL Compiler List the features of native compilation Describe the features of the PL/SQL compiler in Oracle Database 10g Identify the 3 parameters used to influence compilation (PLSQL_CODE_TYPE, PLSQL_DEBUG, PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL) Show how to set the parameters Describe the dictionary view used to see how code is compiled (USER_PLSQL_OBJECTS) Change the parameter settings, recompile code, and view the results Describe the compiler warning infrastructure in Oracle Database 10g List the steps used in setting compiler warning levels