Site Diary

4ARC528
Tidemill Primary School Technical Site Diary

Russell Perrett and Elle Phan
Russell Perrett BA Honours Architecture University of Westminster
Elle Phan BA Honours Architecture University of Westminster
Why did you choose the site ? As a local I think the Tidemill school would be a unique way to analyse my community and built environment. I regularly walk around the area and have noticed a high level of redevelopment . It will be interesting to see how the school reects upon its existing context What do you hope to learn? From this project I hope to learn context specic technical information about educational require ments. I would also be interested to know what the clients brief was to help analyse the architects response
Why did you choose this site? From experience as a part-time teaching assistant I became fascinated with the relationship between design and education. I have worked as a part-time teaching assistant at Westminster academy last year (designed by AHMM) and am currently at Loxford school (designed by Aedas). What do you hope to learn? From this project I hope to discover insight to the way Architectural solutions can a ect education by using a technical framework
Page 1 Tidemill School - Site Diary - Elle Phan, Russell Perrett
As part of our Architectural education we have been asked to complete a site diary for our second year Technical Studies module. The purpose of this module is to observe and analyse an Architectural design from its conception through to completion on site.
THE BRIEF
The site we chose was the Tidemill School in the heart of Deptford, South East London. The project, funded by Lewisham Council includes the replacement of the existing primary school and the construction of a Learning centre and library. There will also be a block of artists studio ats with an exhibition space bellow. The Architects chosen for this project were PTEa (Pollard Thomas Edwards Architects). The concept of this project is to create a set of public amenities and thus create a physically and socially integrated environment. (PTEa web site) The building process started on 12th October 09 and is due to end now on the 18th July 2011. During this period we completed four site visits, a site meeting and a Practice visit to the Architects. In this time we decided to focus mainly on the Tidemill School and Lounge building to cope with the time scale of the project.
PTEa
Pollard Thomas Edwards architects diespeker wharf, 38 graham st, London
ASSOCIATES Bronwen Thomas David Graham PROJECT ARCHITECT Mike ORouke Nick MacArthur Robin Saha-Choudhury Sarrah El Bushra
PTE architects were awarded the Tidemill school through an unconventional route because they do not specialise in education. Starting in 2005 when ptea completed St Jude & St Pauls ce primary school in Islington to comply with the mandatory need to provide at least 30% housing they chose to include a oor of ats above the school. This enabled the school upon the completion of the ats to sell them and recoup the cost of the schools construction. PTEa then went on to repeat this method on other schools such as St Thomas ce primary school, Kensington. On their last project, Rushey primary school for Lewisham Council they were able to construct and sell 24 apartments to pay for the school. This gave them the relationship with Lewisham Council which ensured they received the Tidemill School project over a more specialising practice.
Pollard Thomas Edwards architects (Ptea) is a practice committed to making our towns and cities better places to live in. Ptea combines high quality design with explicit social purpose, and marries an understanding of whole community needs with an acute commercial instinct. www.ptea.co.uk Page 3 Tidemill School - Site Diary - Elle Phan, Russell Perrett
Contract Administrator
The rm Press and Starkey were awarded with the job of Contract Administrator. The role of this job is to work on behalf of the client as a consultant that checks on the Contractors. This helps to ensure that the Contractors are being accurate and precise, protecting the interests and assets of the client.
LEWISHAM COUNCIL
1 CATFORD ROAD, LEWISHAM, LONDON
Previous funded projects Stephen Lawrence centre, 2008 - adjaye associates - 10m Kaleidoscope, 2006 - van heyningen & haward 13.3m Present education facilities in the area laban centre, 2002 - Herzog & de Meuron 14m Goldsmiths, 2005 - Alsop architects - 6.4m Funding and Costs The client for this project is Lewisham Council as Tidemill Primary is a public school. The total cost of this project will be 20.1M. To accumulate this funding the council secured both DFE (Department for Education) and LA funding.
PTEa
PLANNING APPLICATION
NOVEMBER 2006 - MARCH 2007 PTEa submits a feasibility study for a new Tidemill School as contracted by Lewisham Council AUGUST 2008 Lewisham Council appoints PTEa to produce a feasibility study for a replacement Tidemill School including a public learning centre, library and housing complex. Demolition Planning is also sent. PRE-TENDER PTEa design team led by Project Architect, David Graham is assembled OCTOBER 2009 Demolition granted
FIRST STAGE TENDER Completed 22nd August 2009 SECOND STAGE TENDER Galliford Try appointed Main Contractors 2009 CONSTRUCTION COMMENCEMENT 9.00am 12th October 2009 CONSTRUCTION COMPLETION 18th July 2011
PTEa
THE CONTRACT
The Pollard Thomas Edwards Architects and Galliford Try have a bespoke agreement between the client called the JCT 2005 Standard Forms of Construction Contract which states all the contractors design responsibilities, third party rights and dispute resolutions. Jct Design And Build 2005
Design Changes PTEa charge additionally for changes the client wishes to make. To save on this cost the client is choosing to use Galliford Try for the changes they want thus saving costs. To do this Galliford Try has contracted in additional designers and engineers to accommodate the tting of these new changes.
COLLATERAL WARRANTIES
A Collateral Warranty on the contract is an agreement between the client, the end user, the architect and contractor involved in the design and construction of a primary school development. The purpose of a Collateral Warranty agreement is to create a contractual link between the beneciary and the architect and contractor. If the end-user of property who suffers economic loss, then Lewisham Council can sue the designer or builder under the collateral agreement on the grounds that theres been a breach of contract. Due to defects of the building that are due to negligence, the architect or the contractor, the Any parties who have an interest in the building cannot sue the architect, or the contractor for defects in the building due to their negligence if they do not have legally binding collateral warranties.
Reection I noticed that PTEa have an interesting policy of placing in their contracts a clause which means they can charge for unnecessary changes. This means that as the Client wants to make changes the uctuation in cost will not reect badly on the Contractor not the Architect. Therefore to save money, Galliford Try have contracted in engineers to design their alterations. This has left the Main Contractors rather unhappy and you can see where this has caused communication problems between the original tender set and the alterations. r.perrett
LADs are drawn into the contract between the client and the main contractor to protect both parties against breaches in the contract with compensation taking into account time frames, lost revenue and collateral costs.
LADs
(Liquids and Ascertained Damages)
Pollard Thomas Edwards Architects do not have any LADs as the contract has been signed over to Galliford Try on the Design and Build, this means the legal and monetary risk is with the contractor and not with the architect. Liquidated and Ascertained Damages are stated in the building contract and are set as an amount per week. The current LADs are set at 15,000 per week which the contractor must pay if they fail to complete their obligations. If completion is overdue beyond the contractual completion date, contractor must pay the client Lewisham Council. However LADs claims can be invalid if they are not the legitimate pre-estimate of the employers potential loss, so the employer can usually recover the unliquidated damages for the violation of the JCT 2005 contract.
The contractor signed agreement with the client for a xed construction fee of 20.1M. Since the fee is xed, there are no advantages for the contractor to delay the project. Contractual obligations tend to be the driving force to complete the project on time. So far for the Tidemill Project there has been 15, 000 damages. These damages have been due to adverse weather conditions in January 2011. The original contract was 90 weeks, but due to the weather in January there is now a revised contract of 92 weeks. To be able to apply for these changes due to weather there has to be one or two factors: -The temperature is constantly below zero - there is over 50mm of rainfall in one day This information was given to the client by Galliford Try. To ratify this informations credibility the client can check with the Met Ofce.
SITE DEVELOPMENT
The development is situated in the heart of Deptford. It shows the area in relation to Deptford Rail station, where the station is 160meters north west from the site. The Primary School development on the Gifn Street and is bounded by on the western edge of Deptford High Street. The 1.17 hectare site is bounded on the north by the main line rail link to London Bridge ( see map above left). This is an over ground railway brick viaduct, equivalent to approximately two storeys in height. The west boundary is formed by Deptford High Street and Gifn Square, the southern boundary by Gifn Street and the existing six storey 1960s residential blocks, and the east boundary by Wavelengths Pool.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Deptford sits within the London Borough of Lewisham in southeast London. In the past, shipping and shipbuilding has played a part in Deptfords history, making it a prosperous place in the 1800s. In 1836 the rst railway, from London to Greenwich, was built through Deptford. Since the 20th century Deptford has suffered from economic decline, suffering through the 1930s depression and the bombings of the Second World War. This led to major redevelopment in the 1950s and 1960s with public housing.
Chronological Order of Redevelopment Page 10 Tidemill School - Site Diary - Elle Phan, Russell Perrett
PLANNING APPLICATION
Lewisham Council and Peter Thomas Edwards Architects submitted a planning application of the design proposal for Tidemill Primary School in June 2007 Lewisham Borough planning ofce then granted conditional permission for the proposed development in 1st September 2008 Demolition commenced on 2 July 2007 for the Women and Childrens Centre, council access point and public WCs on the site to make way for the new proposal. The Women and Childrens Centre was then relocated within Deptford and the council access point and public WCs are now incorporated into the new Deptford lounge building on the ground oor next to the Primary School.
CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT AREA
On the conservation map, the new development is wedged between two conservation areas. The St Pauls conservation area, designated in 1975, adjoins Deptford High Street and is distinguished by the classical grade 1 listed St Pauls church dated 1714 by Thomas Archer. It is surrounded by a leafy green churchyard. The area is also characterised by some 18th century terraced houses, particularly on Albury Street. On the building heights on this project has been restricted to correspond with the height of the buildings on Deptford High Street and the social housing on Grifn Street.
Albury Street and St Pauls Church
TIDEMILL PRIMARY SCHOOL
NEW SITE
The current Tidemill School is located just to the south of the site for the new school. The primary school is very popular priding itself on its multicultural pupils with 30 spoken languages. With the success of the school it has now become unable to cope with the intake of students. This is why the council has brought in PTEa to come up with a new school on a larger site across the road. The advantage of this situation is that the school will not be without any facilities while the new school is being constructed. Also the close proximity of the new site means there will not need to be any alterations to the catchment area for pupils.
EXISTING
1. Identify the Site 2. Concept Plan & section 3. 3-D Massing 4. Alterations inclusion of green roof and atrium
THE CONCEPT
The design of this project was founded upon the ndings of the feasibility report PTEa compiled before they received the contract. The concept then went through several stages of design.
THE PROPOSAL
The new Tidemill School is part of a visionary concept to combine a replacement primary school with a state-of-the-art learning centre and library the Deptford Lounge. Through sharing facilities with the wider community, Tidemill School will benet from increased space and facilities, in a physically and socially integrated environment. The school will form an L-shape around an open courtyard, with the Deptford Lounge forming the third side. The Lounge building will contain facilities shared with the school, with separate access points from within the school, and from the public realm. On the far side of the courtyard, Resolution Studios housing artists studios and exhibition space with ats above shields the school from the road and railway line beyond. Here PTEa has drawn upon its previous experience of combining school and residential uses.
THE PROPOSAL
MAIN CONTRACTORS
GALLIFORD TRY
Galliford Try were able to get this contract from Lewisham Council due to budget driven reasons. This is because the project started in the midst of the recession in 2008. Galliford Try offered the lowest quotation and were then awarded the project. David White refers to himself as the lynch pin. He is the one connected between the Architect and the Client and manages the project. Barry Kelly is the Site Manager and is therefore in charge of the running of the site. This means he has to organise and know when new materials and machinery is needed and arriving to ensure a JIT ( Just in Time) style of construction. Reection: From the impression I get it appears as if Galliford Try will be making next to nothing on this project. However they are advertising themselves very well to future clients. For example the Site Manager walks through the entire site every morning checking every stage on construction is where it should be to avoid delays. r.perrett
A model was produced which showed all the proposals in context this allowed the community to understand the proposal. All visitors were encouraged to give their views on the proposals.
PARTY WALL ISSUES

No party wall issues have been made on this project since the client is the Lewisham council, who run the borough where the development is being built. Prior agreements with the local residents, businesses and neighbours were secured between the two parties, so the contractor and the architect did not need to intervene with this.
Various people living in the council would want to work with the council for various reasons. If the client was not the council, the project would have joint owner issues with everyone on the high street and on the surrounding streets which would cost a lot of money and time. The council has involved the local community during public consultation. In January 2008, the Deptford town Centre hosted a two day public consultation, giving local residents, traders and stakeholders the opportunity to view an exhibition of the improvements proposed for Deptford. A model was produced which showed all the proposals in context this allowed the community to understand the proposal. All visitors were encouraged to give their views on the proposals.
CONSIDERATE CONSTRUCTION SCHEME

The Considerate Constructors Scheme was set up in 1997 by the UK construction industry to improve its image. Since 1997 the Scheme has been registered and monitored over 40,000 sites over the country. The Tidemill Primary project is listed as part on the Considerate Construction Scheme. A CCS poster is clearly noted on the site entrance which displays the site of practice and contact details.
The Construction Considerate Scheme involves: - Proactively informing those affected by the work in advance of activity on site - Documenting and monitoring environmental standards and targets - Making sure the perimeter of the site is a positive advert for the industry with cleanliness - The site should act as a positive advert for the industry by the use of clear signage, excellent ramped paving throughout the compound, an attractive fence and colourful plant tubs. - Respect for People Initiative The site should not endanger those they affect by being a good neighbor - The Site Manager should positively inuence those they employ.
On this project the contractor and architect have done the following to comply with the scheme:
- Reuse two existing old trees from the site and incorporated them in the new landscape plan - The use of recyclable copper cladding - Recycled 8,000 cubic metres of crushed concrete from the demolition on-site ahead of construction. - recycled plaster and wood off-site to recycling plant instead of going to landll - Major building components were assessed for environmental impact with the school predicted to achieve a Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) rating of Very Good once completed. - The installation of a biomass boiler within Tidemill Primary School will full the schools heating and hot water requirements. Burning biomass will release the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide that the biomass has consumed within its life or would release on decomposition; it is therefore regarded as carbon neutral. Wood pellets for the boiler will be sourced from within a 25 mile radius of the school, further supporting the green credentials. Ceramic lters on the boiler will create a further 20 per cent saving on the carbon dioxide output.
BRE
BRE (Building Research Establishment) are a former Government owned (1997) consultancy and research company. The purpose of BRE is to help create better, safer and more sustainable buildings, communities and businesses.
BRE have created an environmental rating scheme containing more than 1500 specications used in various types of building. BREEAM is effective because it is an easy to use database relying on certied gures falling under the Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) giving ratings from A+ to E.
Materials and component Elements: - External walls - Internal walls and partitions - Roofs - Ground oors - Upper oors - Windows - Insulation - Landscaping - Floor nishes
Overall environmental impacts: - Climate change - Water extraction - Mineral resource extraction - Stratospheric ozone depletion - Human toxicity - Ecotoxicity to Freshwater - Nuclear waste (higher level) - Ecotoxicity to land - Waste disposal - Fossil fuel depletion - Eutrophication - Photochemical ozone creation - Acidication
BRE services include: Consultancy - to create safe and healthy, high quality, cost effective buildings, communities and businesses, while meeting legislative, client, social and environmental requirements at every stage of the project. Research - to generate new knowledge means that we can tackle todays challenges head on. We provide the information needed to underpin national building regulations, and to help you develop and use new and improved processes and products. Testing - a range of cutting-edge facilities, we can test the performance of everything from individual products to whole buildings. Innovation - specialist knowledge of the built environment, combined with our research and development capabilities, can help you bring your new ideas to life. Sustainability - reduce environmental impacts of buildings, communities and businesses at all stages, from planning and design, through use and refurbishment, to end of life disposal. Training and events - a wide range of training courses, seminars and conferences are offered by our experts.
BIODIVERSITY
The Tidemill School have worked with different groups to ensure the complex is sustainable and promotes the ecology and biodiversity of Deptford.
The single storey northern classroom wing is covered with a green roof. The low nutrient growing substrate will be composed of crushed bricks (recycled from on site demolition) mixed with organic matter. The roof will be planted with a combination of Sedum species and wildower seed mix. The seed mix will consist of a mixture of annual species (to provide interest for the rst years of establishment) and perennial plants adapted to such growing conditions. The green roof will act as a visual amenity and will only be accessed for maintenance. Also green roofs promote rain water recycling, especially in large hard surface areas such as Deptford. Two brown roofs are located on the roof of Deptford Lounge. These will be covered with a low nutrient layer of crushed bricks (recycled from on site demolition) and sown with an annual wildower seed mix to provide interest in the rst years of establishment. The brown roof will however not be planted with other perennial plant species. These will naturally establish over the years from air born seeds or from seeds carried by birds Nature garden will be planted with trees and plants, whilst the school pond will become a habitat for wildlife for teaching purposes and local biodiversity.
SCHOOL REGULATIONS
CDM (CONSTRUCTION DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT)
Public Schools in the Uk are all about providing equal opportunities in life for everyone. To help achieve this the Government produces a regularly updated Design guide for schools which Local Authorities and Architects have to rigidly adhere to. The SEN and Disability Act 2001 & Disability Discrimination Act 2005 parts 3 and 4 There a several guidelines of legislation that ensure Disability equality in Schools: - CDM (construction Design and Management) 6 April 2007 - DES (Disability Equality Scheme) for each school has to be formulated - LEA accessibility and access plan needs to be available for the public Disability School Requirements: Circulation Allow way nding via clear signage, good lighting to ease corridor congestion and lifts, ramps etc. Fire Safety Consider re ghting dead end distances and opening 2nd oor windows reachable by ladder. Magnetic door catches linked to re detection systems Reception Area desk must have a lower section and knee recess for wheelchair users and acoustics, down lighting avoided as it makes lip reading difcult Support Spaces and Therapy Rooms and specialist W.Cs
DcSF Schools for the Future Legislation: - increased number of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) spaces - Large spaces such as halls accommodating 8090 people - Resource Spaces - A central library with ICT study areas - Group Spaces for primary classes (30 pupils) and secondary spaces for (10-15 pupils) - Practical spaces e.g. science, art, design - Quiet spaces for 1-1 tuition and retreat - Learning support spaces - Sufcient Storage - A central Staff room with preparation spaces - Service spaces, kitchen, maintenance - Quality pupil spaces, toilets, storage - Appropriate sized furniture - Good heating, light and ventilation, and sound insulation, and acoustics for intelligible speech - allow for 30-40 years change in technology and requirements - inclusion of informal places e.g. Cafe style dining space
ORGANISING SITE VISITS

To organise the site visits rst we mailed PTEa for permission who then put us in contact with Galliford Try. After this we arranged four dates to nish the site every two weeks.
CABE EDUCATION
CABE is the governments advisor on architecture and the built environment. The CABE objective is to help and empower clients to achieve the best buildings and public spaces. CABE has published a 135 page publication entitled Creating excellent primary schools which lists the guidelines for education building design.
CABE, in association with the Construction Industry Council (CIC), has developed a methodology for evaluating the design of buildings, known as design quality indicators (DQIs).DQIs evaluate three main components: build quality, functionality and impact. build quality access, space, uses functionality performance, engineering, services, construction impact the school in its community, within the school, form and materials, character and innovation. The publication also lists various examples of existing Primary Schools in the country. The architect and the client can look up on for reference and inspire the design process. The guidelines from CABE have helped PTEa build a portfolio of Primary School projects and experience over the last several years. They include: St Thomas CE Primary School Rushey Green School St Jude & St Pauls CE Primary School Junior Open House
PRELIMINARY WORKS
Preliminary Programme of Works This is a gant chart showing the timeline of the different construction process that must be undertaken in order to complete the site build. The preliminary programme of works is created in order to manage the timing and processes from start to nish. Here is a photograph of the preliminary programme of works at David Wrights ofce . This build is expected to take just over a year and a half to complete. Start date: October 2009 Practical completion May 2011 The chart shows contingencies with timings since a particular task could take longer, or shorter than necessary.
WASTE ON SITE
Today a big emphasis is being put on the use of sustainable buildings. However it has also become paramount to control the distribution of waste on site and lessen the carbon footprint of construction under the considerate constructors scheme. To help with this Galliford Try are using the company Waste aware Construction. WAC tries break down wasteage into manageable categories. This is regulated on the Tidemill site by using methods such as separate Rubbish Skips to sort out recyclable materials.
SAFETY ON SITE
SIGNAGE AND SECURITY
Signage Employees and visitors will notice health and safety posters all over the sites various locations because of the thousands of potential hazards. Security The Site also needs to be protected against theft as many expensive materials, tools and machinery are left overnight. To solve this problem Galliford Try are using a Construction Site security company who have multiple CCTV cameras watching the site.
PPE (PROTECTIVE PERSONAL EQUIPMENT)
SAFETY ON SITE
Reection PPE (Protective Personal Equipment) It is a safety procedure to wear health and safety clothing when entering onto the site. Here is a photograph of rusty wearing Protective Personal Equipment (PPE) Wearing PPE would protect him from minor accidents such as chemicals and light equipment falling on him. However it does not protect him from the obvious major potential risks e.g. heavy machinery, or excavation cave ins, or falls, so workers must abide by strict safety procedures when working. e.phan
SAFETY ON SITE
SITE INJURY AND FIRST AID 5 people died on a construction site last year. It is the most dangerous industry to work in behind shing
On site we noticed there were lots of everyday accidents like cutting ngers. When an accident occurs, generally the details are logged in an Accident log book for future reference for insurance purposes and in case there are court proceedings. This is also an effective way of managing who is where on the site. This management is vital because with this project starting on a rushed production schedule for the completion date in May, the injury rate of workers on site could potentially increase. Site manager and First Aider Barry Kelly told us so far there has only been 1 major accident when a worker had his hand caught on a girder and slit his palms. As a result the worker ended up in hospital with broken hands and had to have an operation but fortunately recovery.
Reection The rst thing that I noticed when entering the site is the turnstile entrance to the construction area. You can not go any further thank this point without wearing full PPE. On the site you can notice workers at different levels; high up on cranes, scaffolding, and using machinery on the ground. There is a high scale of productivity that comes with this site movement so you can see why the construction company stresses safety. From the site Visit I have discovered that accidents on a Site are inevitable and small accidents actually pose more of a threat to the rate of construction. r.perrett
SAFETY ON SITE
FIRE SAFETY AND EMERGENCY EXITS
Re-Barring is the process of bending extruded pylons or covering the ends with plastic mushroom caps to reduce the risk of injury and impaling
Walking around the Lounge Building on the Stair wells I noticed several clearly visible methods of exiting the building and plans of where the nearest exit is.
Reection All of the Fire exits are marked near to the stair wells. I think this makes sense because during construction the ways of circulating in and out of the building are often different to a completed project. Between the different Site visits I noticed that each time I went to Visit the same section of the building we often had to take different routes to get there. r.perrett
Here is a plan of the Fire escape Routes and some temporary signage I noticed on the Stair Wells
DEMOLITION
Cost of demolition-204, 000
Existing The site was previously used as a shoppers car park. The previous buildings on the site were the Business Centre, public toilet facilities, council access point and Women and Childrens Centre.
A demolition planning application was sent august 2008 and permission was granted in October 2009 after Galliford Try sent a second letter to conrm the application with the council. The site also contained a number of poor quality trees which were removed. The two large trees in Gifn Square are to be incorporated within the design and are to be retained.
PLANNING
THE WORK Above: old pictures of the Gifn Street prior and after demolition of the buildings and trees.
Coincidentally, prior to this Site Diary, Russell visited the site between January and March 2010. We have been able to combine these pictures with Galliford Trys progress reports.
CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS PRIOR TO SITE VISIT
12th October 2009 - To begin with the land is excavated to make room for the building project and for the machinery to come on the site. Then to start off the installation of the foundations for the school building. Piling machines were used to put piles into the ground before the building can be built on top. The reason for this is to strengthen the ground works so the school can be built on top. Piles are effectively underground columns which are used to support buildings, bridges and other civil engineering structures. They stop the building from sinking into the soil, which would otherwise compact with construction of something heavy on top of it. The piles usually extend quite a long way into the ground, right down as far as the bedrock, so that they will bear the weight of the building. The machine used to install these piles are called a continuous ight augur piles. Its the quietest and most vibration-free method of installing piles, which is why it is usually used in urban areas. With local tenants living across the road to the site. Reduction of noise levels less complaints. The big corkscrew or augur is driven into the ground to the required depth, and the soil comes up to the surface by the action of the screw. As the augur is removed, concrete is pumped into the bottom of the hole through a void in the shaft of the augur to ll the hole. If you tried to take the augur out before putting the concrete in, the hole would simply collapse because of the ground pressure around it. Once the hole is full of concrete and the augur has been removed, a reinforcement cage is lowered into the hole, to complete the structural system of the pile.
Sprinklers Sprinkler tanks installed for the installation of the building. Fire sprinklers are widely recognized as the single most effective method for ghting the spread of res in their early stages - before they can cause severe injury to people and damage to property. When one re sprinkler head goes off to ght a re the entire sprinkler system does not activate. Sprinklers react to temperatures in individual rooms.
Above: digging and installation of sprinkler tank
Basement works After this basement works were carried out retaining wall works along resolution way and are currently progressing with the ground oor slab. Over the next 4 6 weeks we will be constructing the concrete frame.
Above: Digging of the basement works and installation of the ground oor slab
Ground oor slab Sub structure drainage Upper oor installation Brick construction expect for the stair cases which were made from concrete and steel rebar. The contractor is not sure why the architect has decided this considering brick construction takes longer then doing prefabricated walls, ceilings and oors. Considering this project is about doing a project as quick as possible and on time. Doing concrete construction would have shorten the length of build on this project.
MATERIALS, MACHINERY AND ACCESS

Access On site there is one main entrance through Frankham Street. From here materials and machinery can be delivered into the centre of the site where they are stored. Machinery Machinery is a fundamental part of most builds. On this site there were a multiple number of large machinery.
Reection I asked David White why there was a need for so much scaffolding. He said the reason for this was there are always unexpected things that need scaffolding. I think he was right here as I saw evidence in the atrium where additional scaffold was needed to repair some water damage. r.perrett
Scaffolding A key part of any design, Galliford Try has contract leased 300, 000 worth of scaffolding for this project. The scaffolding arrives on site as separate components allowing for exible construction on site relevant to the context it is supporting.
FACADE CLADDING
The Material
Tidemill School new facade is made from TECU copper cladding. Copper is extremely important as a material, not only in ecological terms, but also in economic terms. Electrolytic rening has now makes it possible to remove all impurities, thus removing any differences in quality between newly produced copper and copper derived from scrap metal. Thus, not only are resources conserved, but there is also a saving of energy for ore mining, processing and transport to processing plants. TECU cladding surfaces are made by punching the copper and copper alloy strips after production. The punched parts are fed immediately to the recycling process where they are further processed. Punching processes have no effect on the positive properties of the cladding material and various patterns can be punched through the alloy strips to produce a variety of cladding designs, to meet architects and designers for new visions in surface design and innovative applications.
FACADE CLADDING
Architects Intention
- The cladding acts as a light lter and rain panel - In the future if the School decides to change the cladding the copper panels can easily be melted down and remounted!
The Architect for this project, David Graham, explained to us why he had chosen this material for the facade of the school. What interested him was the use of the panels as sun screens and light lters. The hole sizes go up and down in percentages. The greatest is 50% opaque on the panels over the second oor Football pitch. David Graham said the reason for this was to create the impression you can look from the playground and see the sky through the building. The other percentages are 32% and 15% which have much more material. The purpose of these panels is to act as light lters for the class rooms and sustain a high quality of natural light without the need for additional shading. Reection When I asked David Graham why he had chosen the gold paneling he replied that Lewisham Council wants to show it is putting money into the area and the cladding represents that. When referring to the building he coined the phrase Golden Nugget. However when we were outside a local said to use it was a waste of money and a prison to keep kids in. I agree with David Graham. The cladding does look excessive at the moment but in a deprived area like Deptford the Gold nish will represent something of worth to the community. r.perrett
FACADE CLADDING
The Fitting
Below : corner tting Bottom right: suspension cable stay detail Top right: facade tting The facade for this building was originally intended to be hung from suspension cables. However due to later structural issues the cladding now has to be tted onto a steel frame that wraps around the outside of the building
The Cladding clips on the suspension tie cables as illustrated bellow. The rigidity was supposed to come from the tting of the panels compressing against each other while the cables pull the cladding in tension.
e.phan
FACADE CLADDING
The Fitting
bellow: Locking the horizontal bracing in tension creates a downward compression Another Structural alteration is the need for a steel frame on the roof football pitch. This interrupts the Architects idea of seeing the sky through the copper cladding
tension
Reection The structural supports on the roof are a clear obstruction of the view and I feel the cross-bracing when combined with the steel mesh will really undermine the Architectural qualities of the roof space and close it off to the sky. This is a lack of communication between the Engineer and the Architect and the Architect has suffered for this. r.perrett r.perrett
compression
FACADE CLADDING
Physical Detail
Here we have included a physical example of one of the details so you can explore how the cladding ts
r.perrett
Under the Building Bulletin 100 - Design for Fire safety in Schools 2007 - BS 5839 Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings - BS 5306 Fire extinguishing installation and equipment on premises - BRE 187 External re spread: building separation and boundary distances
FIRE SAFETY
Material, Method and Finish
Fire Safety in Schools is very important. This is especially prevalent when there is gas, bunsen burners and chemicals in Science Classes. On one of the site visits we were able to see the materials and methods used to help
Fire Retardant Spray This is sprayed into the corner of every class room. The purpose of this is that in the case of a re it draws the ame into the corner and takes longer to burn through. Fire Proof Paint The Jotun paint being used on this build is also has more re resistant properties. Like the spray the paint will partially aid containing the re due to its endothermic qualities. Flame-Proof Ceiling panels To aid the above two processes an extra 150mm thick ceiling is used to slow down the re and contain it.
FIRE SAFETY
SPRINKLERS
After the sprinkle tank was installed in rst, a water distribution piping system was installed to the ceiling during the construction of the building. See the water pipping system in red colour. in the installation photography below. When a re is actived, adequate pressure is then applied to make the water ow out of the sprinkler heads.
Automatic sprinkler head. Sketch showing how water is used in a sprinkler head when it senses re.
e.phan
BIOMASS BOILER
The Tidemill School site as a means to lower its carbon emission is employing a Biomass Boiler. The advantages of this are that the cost e o energy can be cut by up to 50% and the cost of materials to burn of can be 40% less.
Exit emissions
Process Biomass Boiler works by burning low-grade biological products such as wood pellets that arrive through a delivery feeder shoot. Here these pellets arrive through an automated cell wheel separating the storage room and the boiler controlling the ow of pellets. These products are then enter a combustion chamber to release the energy they have stored during photosynthesis. The energy is green however because even though CO2 is produced by the product burning, the organic biomass captures the escaping emissions. After this the ash automatically is removed to a 50L container
auger
Feed
Waste
Firing
Reection: I would usually question the of the use of Biomass boilers with the use of fuel delivering and discarding the pellets. However on this project there is a large storage room which should mean less deliveries and fuel wasted. r.perrett
r.perrett
MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL

DUCT WORK
The ventilation in the dinning hall and kitchen is a horizontal duct work system. The sheet metal duct work is supported up by hangers on the ceiling. The duct work is spaced between the hangers at a particular length to avoid deection, stress and buckling.
Above: A sketch showing the duct work is supported hangers.

VENTILATION
Ventilating is the process of replacing air in a space to control temperature and other things like moisture, odors, smoke, heat and to replenish oxygen in the school building. the school uses a mechanical ventilation system. Ventilation system includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. Below shows the diagrams of this system. The kitchen has a extraction ventilation system tted with extractor fan.
Top Left: Sketch diagram of the horizontal air duct system in the school dinning hall and kitchen, showing the air duct connections. e.phan Bottom Left: Concept diagram of the ventilation system of the school dinning hall and kitchen Page 50
Tidemill School - Site Diary - Elle Phan, Russell Perrett

VENTILATION
Air ducts and duct wrap
The circular air ducts are warped with rock-wool insulation, known as duct wrap. Rock-wool is a material which has been specially engineered to provide cellulosic re protection and acoustic insulation to circular section structural steel. The Rock-wool isolates noise and heat while the inner dark lining prevents light from bouncing inside the duct.

VENTILATION
Natural ventilation is the ventilation of a building with outside air without the use of a fan or other mechanical system. The staff building is a converted old factory warehouse. Additional roof lights have been added to the building and existing windows have been kept, although there are no north facing windows. Ventilation can be achieved with open able windows to vent air inside the spaces. Below I have drawn a sketch diagram of this ventilation and the warm and cool air that circulates through the building and its rooms.

VENTILATION
This is an example of the roof light detail used by PTEa. The light serves as natural ventilation for the building. The light is recessed into the wooden cladding which means it does not obstruct the pupils eye line.

VENTILATION
Here are the alterations made to the roof light. A balustrade is added to the external cladding to prevent pupils climbing into the lights. A metal mesh is covered over the roof light to prevent pupils from falling in.
balustrade
mesh
WINDOWS
VELFAC Detail
For the School Architect David Graham has specied the use of Velfac Windows. Velfac, hailing from Holland are an Architectural glass and window specialist who use slim aluminium frames to let more light in.
As oppose to regular windows that have a 108mm frame, Velfac windows use a 54mm frame. To do this the spacer is sunk into the structure. This creates a shadow and reduces the visual impact of the sash, making the aluminium frame appear slimmer. Now the sash can only be seen when the window is opened. This means there is less wood and aluminium used. Glazing Velfac windows use soft low-e double glazed units as standard with argon lled cavities. A Thermal break or Aluminium Energy Glazing bars are inserted into the 116mm glazing break to prevent the ow of heat.
WINDOWS
VELFAC
ARCHITECTS INTENTION
The Architect chose these windows as he explained he had used them on previous Primary schools for PTEa. The reason for this is aesthetic and practical. For aesthetic appeal the quality of light let through and the frame makes the windows appear cleaner and plush to the building. Practically these windows let in 15% more light and in School Regulations there has to be a high quality of light. Reection: I really like the Velfac glazed windows product range. They have supplied all the windows for the entire building project, including the glazed doors! Velfac manufacture standardised options for all glass, xtures and ttings to a variety of structures, interfaces and facades. The overall nish of the product is very slim-lined and minimalist. I can see why this standardisation of a high quality nish is popular with David Graham. e.phan
WINDOWS
VELFAC Child Regulation
Velfac window systems include a number of safety features designed with children in mind. One of these is safety locks that can be tted either before or after installation. The locks work by using a push-button system limiting the opening of the window. This leads on to another safety feature which enables the windows to be locked in place when opened for ventilation. The lock however ensures that the open window can be held ajar at a distance that a child will not be able to t through, complying with School Regulations.
DOORS
VELFAC Detail
The doors to the staff room building, main entrance and the class rooms facing the playground are also made by Velfac. These Double Leaf glazed doors are part of the Velfac 600 range. The doors are suitable because the glazing bars on each door can be divided in multiple ways to create the impression of various types of door.
Staff Room Doors These doors are made using 3 pieces of glass panel and 36mm bars for each door. This is different to other doors in the build where although the same range of door is used less Thermal breaks are used. The Class Rooms underneath Resolution Studios for example will use less breaks as they are South facing and need to release heat, not trap it. 300mm Stainless Steel Lever Handle Aluminium Barrel hinge This slimline hinge forms one of a three part knuckle hinge, sitting unobtrusively in the vertical line of the door.
TIMBER CLADDING
FITTING
The timber Cladding is being used on the north buildings exterior covering the ground oor class rooms. David Graham mentioned that to stop insects building nests in between the gaps in the timber a net is placed behind the slats.
Here is a detail of how the window and the cladding work together. I have inserted a red line showing where the net will be inserted between the weatherboarding and the timber. If the net was not there then insects could get in through the horizontal gaps as well as the join between the window frame and the timber.
ATRIUM
Water Damage
The Atrium in the Lounge building is a key Architectural feature of the school and a signicant part of construction. Sitting above the dining hall, the double height space acts as a central space and houses a green roof above it.
However problems have been encountered with the atrium. Over the Christmas period the atrium suffered water damage due to a construction error. This could be because the constructors are not familiar with the construction of green roofs. This problem has greatly slowed down construction on the atrium and will have cost a lot of money to repair. To solve this problem Galliford Try had to do an additional sub-contract with Hauration, a surface drainage company. Reection We saw the Hauration Lorry arrive on our last site visit in April 2011 this shows just how costly a construction mistake this has been for Galliford Try. They will also have to wait for the water damage to dry. I nd this all a bit unnecessary though as when David Graham mentioned the purpose of the cladding to be opaque against the sky I do not understand why the Atrium is a roofed space. r.perrett

ELECTRICS
T There are strict Safety regulations for electricity sockets in schools. Electrical wiring in installed through steel pipes through the walls and oors of the building. The increasing use of electronic and electrical equipment in schools has mades it necessary for electricity supplies to be made readily to pupils and staff in schools. The architect has h chosen to use a trunking system for the distribution of power and data cables because it allows many sockets to be available. The trunking system can go all the way around the room, avoiding the potentially dangers of serious injuries caused by electricity e.g. accidents caused by people tripping over extension leads.
1. Library
2. Conduit
3. Cable Tray
4. Fitting
5. Plug Point
6. Cable Tray in Situ
7. Metal Conduit
8. Cable Trunking

ELECTRICS
Here is a plan diagram showing the different types of electrics we encountered on site
1 3 2 8
FRAMEWORKS
This is a key part of the buildings structural integrity. On this build several alterations had to be made such as the cross bracing beams on the football pitch roof.
RENDERING
- On the exterior a 6mm render is plastered to the building, sealed with a waterproof paint and then hidden by the external cladding - In the Lounge Building Library brick walls have been placed for aesthetic purposes On such a large scale project and in a school it has been decided to go for very simplistic nishes. A plain white render has been chosen because it is clean and not distracting which is important in a learning environment.
Block Wall to Tile In the Bathrooms, Tiles are being used to nish instead of a painted render. Onto the breeze block a 6mm sand plaster is used as a at surface to mount the tiles. Unlike lime Plaster this has a much coarser texture as it will be covered and not seen. The wall is then primed with a tile adhesive and the tiles are worked out from the corner using plastic spacers to ensure an even gap between the tiles. For the edges special corner tiles are used. At the wall edges and in the spacer gaps grouting is used to seal the wall and make it water tight. This is the most effective way to water seal a W.C.
Block Wall and Plaster Board to render To cover the breeze block walls, a standard lime plaster of 2mm thickness is applied and left to set. On top of this the paint is sprayed onto the plaster to give the desired colour. It is noticeable that the render only extends up to where the sub-ceiling will be. After this as common practice the sub-ceiling will be installed. The purpose of this is to hide any of the M&E and sprinklers, which aesthetically wont look appealing in this type of building. For this build Armstrong TLX systems are being used as they are quick and easy to construct
UNDERFLOOR HEATING
The school has a complete underoor heating system. The advantage of Underoor heating is that because heat rises when it comes from the insulated oor it requires less energy to heat a room.
Process The rigid Insulation is laid down onto the base block, protecting the tubes against the possibility of condensation inside the piping causing damage which would involve the piping being dug up to rectify Then the polyethylene heating and cooling tubes are xed down on top of this A screed layer of concrete is then poured over the pipes, protecting them from damage and creating a at surface on top of this the Flooring nish is placed Polyethylene pipes are laid down onto a layer of insulation in a counter ow. Then the concrete layer covers and protects the piping. Reection Underoor Heating makes sense for this school not only due the lower running cost but also there will be more class room space. I remember in School there were old steel radiators that would burn you if touched! r.perrett
SUB-CEILING
Armstrong TLX
For this project David Graham chose Armstrong Ceilings TLX range to help create better sound quality in the class rooms and provide a quicker construction rate.
The Sub-Ceiling for this project have mainly not been installed yet. Ins some Class rooms you can see the installation. Sub-ceilings are now common architectural practice in modern builds. Rooms are often subdivided and a ceiling tray is inserted up around 500mm from the oor above onto a shelf. This construction has become popular because it is an effective way to mask the M&E without the Architect having to construct a structured ceiling and planning how everything will t into the ceiling. Armstrongs TLX ceiling is being used because it has an easy t system that allows for quick construction due to its hook clipping structure. Also the panels they provide are useful for class rooms as they are efcient at reverberating sound and acoustics which is required for the class room environment.
CLASSROOMS
Soundproong
In the Lounge Building Soundproong has been used on several of the class rooms as well as the Armstrong reverberating ceiling panels. On the music room in particular box to box construction has been used. This includes two layers of plasterboard and a 50mm perforated wall panel.
Music Room wall detail
CLASSROOMS
Sizes
As a means for exible Learning the Tidemill School will have large class rooms that can be subdivided using partitions for multiple classes. This will allow for multiple class sizes and interaction between classes.
class room split
Reection I think this is an idealised idea. I understand why this is appealing and on paper it seems like an effective way to aid new methods of alternative learning. However in the CDM (Construction Design and Management) 2007 it states that partition class rooms should be avoided due to sound proong issues. I agree with the CDM legislation because external noises can be very distracting for pupils and mixing two class room atmospheres in one space separated only by a temporary partition will undermine the feeling of more manageable class sizes because the noise will still be there. r.perrett
LANDSCAPE PLAYGROUND
The Landscape Architects Schoneaid have designed the school playground as well as the bellow aspects: - Nature garden with an extensive pond - Green roofs - the roofs of the school building will be planted with sedum and wild owers - Brown roof the roof of the lounge building will be planted with vegetation to encourage and sustain local birds and insects - Bird Boxes will also be installed on the site to encourage birds onto the roofs - Indigenous trees and plants in woodlands Reection: The original Playground was described as too harsh. I like the way the levels are split creating a more dynamic feeling as well as giving teachers better student observation. r.perrett
LANDSCAPE PLAYGROUND
POP - UP SITE MODEL

Here is a pop-up model you can use to understand the areas of the site referenced to in the diary. This will hopefully help the layout of the site be understood.
CONCLUSION
We visited Tidemill Primary school site 6 times and Pollard Thomas Edward Architects practice in the last 3 months to produce this site diary. The time spent on the Tidemill Primary school project with the contractor Galliford Try has been a rewarding and informative experience. From doing the site diary project we have developed a greater understanding of the role of the project architect and the contractor, and the relationship between the two. We realised the architect is the middle communicator between the contractor who builds and the client (the Lewisham council). The contractor on the other hands is the middle communicator for the sub contractors and the architect. His task is to purely focus on the cost and build of the project. In our site diary we decided to document and analyse the details, technical methods and problems that we encounter during the construction of the primary school.
REFLECTION
From our site visits, I realised that no matter how much planning and costing is done ahead of the build, the design of the building can always change in; design, cost and unexpected delays. I remember sitting in the David Wrights ofce and he was showing us a new landscape plan of the new childrens playground because the primary school and the council said the original design was unsuitable. This meant the playground had to be costed by the contractor again and there is no guarantee that the new design will be accepted if the costs are too great. The particular aspect that interested me about this project was the building typography. The concept of a primary school combined with public amenities in one building means it is a great asset to the wider community of Deptford and not just to the educational system.
Elle Phan
REFLECTION
I loved the gold cladding used for this project and I agree with the Architect on its use to create a landmark. All too often you see architects having to begrudgingly sacrice exciting aspects of their design and it was refreshing to see an exception. However there have been some issues involving this project. The pressure has been entirely put onto Galliford Try and I am quite certain they are making very little on completion of this project. This pressure of having to redesign the clients changes seems to have disrupted the ow of communication and I started to notice errors on the site. For example on the last visit I noticed a structural beam had been badly positioned obstructing a doorway. I can not help but feel sorry for Galliford Try as no one is to specically to blame for this predicament. I am condent they will complete the project on schedule though. In retrospect I have learnt that the role of the Architect in getting the contract is an interesting subject to look at. Talking to David Graham I remember he mentioned PTEa acquired the contract by completing previous similar projects for the client. So the route to receiving a big contract is not always as open as it may seem. I most enjoyed when David Graham told me the rst design for an automatic sky light would have severed an arm thankfully that changed!
Thanks are due to the Galliford Try, David Wright, David Graham, and all others involved in our research and site visits.
Russell Perrett
THANK YOU.

Site Diary

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Tidemill Primary School Technical Site Diary

Russell Perrett BA Honours Architecture University of Westminster

Elle Phan BA Honours Architecture University of Westminster

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CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT AREA

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TIDEMILL PRIMARY SCHOOL

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PARTY WALL ISSUES

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CONSIDERATE CONSTRUCTION SCHEME

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ORGANISING SITE VISITS

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PPE (PROTECTIVE PERSONAL EQUIPMENT)

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Cost of demolition-204, 000

CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS PRIOR TO SITE VISIT

CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS PRIOR TO SITE VISIT

Above: digging and installation of sprinkler tank

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CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS PRIOR TO SITE VISIT

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CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS PRIOR TO SITE VISIT

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MATERIALS, MACHINERY AND ACCESS

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MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL

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MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL

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MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL

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MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL

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