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(a) IgE (b) Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (leukotrienes) (c) IgG (d) bound to proteins (a) C (b) A (c) D (a) C (b) A (c) A (d) E (e) D (f) B (a) D (b) B (c) E (d) A (e) C (a) Clostridium tetani (b) Gram-negative (c) Tetanus (d) lock jaw, facial spasm, neck stiffness, difficulty in swallowing etc. (e) tetanospasmin (f) C. botulinum botulism C. difficile pseudomembranous colitis C. perfringens gas gangrene C. sordellii (a) DNA (b) Herpesviridae (c) Icosahedral (d) EBV Burkitts lymphoma HHV 8 Kaposis sarcoma HHV 4 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma HHV 6 Lymphoma (e) Cell cultures, embryonated egg, live animals (a) hyphae (b) macroconidia (a) arthrospores/arthroconidia (b) Microsporum sp. (c) Macroconidia (d) Tricophyton (a) (b) (c) (d) Trichuris Trichiuria (e) Enterobius vermicularis (a) Trichuris Trichiuria (b) ingestion of infective eggs by mouth contact with hands or food contaminated with egg-carrying soil. (c) bipolar plugs (d) trichuriasis, GI system (a) obligate intracellular (b) GI tract (c) oocyst (d) Toxoplasma gondii (e) pregnant women (f) Giardia lamblia

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12. (a) Dolor, Calor, Rubor, Tumor, Functio laesa (b) Coagulative, fat, liquefactive, gangrene, Caseous (c) bacteria, fungus (d) brain (e) acute pancreatitis 13. (a) spleen (b) infarcted tissue (white infarct) (c) solid tissue (d) Heart & kidney
14. (a) Lung (b) cheesy caseous necrotised tissue (c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (d) ZiehlNeelson stain/ Auramine immunofluorescence stain 15. (a) bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (b) Sarcoidosis Bonus: R: around 600 L: around 500 16. (b) Plasmodium falciparum (c) Anopheles balabacensis 17. (a) IgM (b) IgG (c) IgG (d) IgM (e) same curve as first 18. (a) elementary body, reticulate stage (b) elementary body (c) endosome (d) Chlamydia trachomatis 19. (a) B (b) E (c) D(d) C (e) A (f) J (g) F (h) I (i) H (j) G

20. (a) Common: Hypovolaemic, Cardiogenic, Septic Less common: Neurogenic, Anaphylactic (b) Initial, progressive, refractory (c) anaphylactic shock

Commentaries The question was asking for an example of mediators. 1. Analyze the colour of the microorganisms properly. Most of you gave the answer tetanus toxoid or tetanus toxin. Mind your spelling!!! No short forms like C. difficile. 1. Lecturers look for characteristic keywords like bipolar plugs. 2. Still, some of you werent able to list the basics of pathologic changes. 1. Try to look at more histological sections of or organ specimen to get your self acquainted with them and compare with the pathological type. 1. Only 1 of you were able to get the bonus question right. Most of you gave bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy as the diagnosis. 2. Refer to your Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Youre supposed to be able to differentiate them and to recognize other parasites in their various stages. 3. The one in infective stage is the ELEMENTARY BODY. Again, no short forms during exams. 4. Most of you got the first half right and the second half scarcely correct. 20. Electric shock is NOT the answer. You should be able to differentiate between the few shocks.
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