usic First Aid Truining

SRSA training team

Darfur Sudan
December 2004 Narch 200S
Introduction
Aim of froining course -
Timings for course ,
Infroducfion
Period I -
8reok
Period Z -
8reok
ConcIusion
key subgects to be covered
1, kNOWLEDSE OF ASIC LIFE SUPPORT
Z, ASSESSMENT OF LIFE THREATENINS
SITUATIONS
3, PRIORITISE TREATMENT OF CASUALTIES
4, ASIC AND ESSENTIAL TREATMENT OF
INJURIES
, SAFE EVACUATION OF CASUALTIES
Aims und obgectives
The oim ond objecfive of fhis course is fhof
fhe porficiponfs wiII be obIe fo corry ouf
fhe foIIowing ocfions wifhouf supervision
ive bosic Iife supporf
Assess Iife fhreofening sifuofions
Priorifise cosuoIfies
ive bosic ond essenfioI freofmenf of injuries
SofeIy evocuofe cosuoIfies
1, kNOWLEDSE OF ASIC LIFE SUPPORT
irsf oid is fhe freofmenf of fhe sick ond injured before
professionoI medicoI heIp con be given.
The oims of firsf oid ore fo prevenf deofh or furfher injury,
fo counferocf shock ond fo reIieve poin.
Unconsciousness, severe bIeeding or burns require
immediofe freofmenf.
Serious froumo is mosf IikeIy from rood froffic occidenfs,
gunshofs, sfob wounds, fire, or bIosfs from bombs ond Iond
mines.
Z, ASSESSMENT OF LIFE
THREATENINS SITUATIONS
EvuIuute the three Ss: Sufety Scene
Situution
Sufety evoIuofe oII possibIe fhreofs ond ensure
fhof none sfiII exisf.
Scene evoIuofe fhe scene fo defermine whof
hoppened.
Situution ossess if you hove fo deoI wifh severoI
cosuoIfies
PructicuI ussessment of situution
3, PRIORITISE TREATMENT OF
CASUALTIES
DANSER
CHECk FOR CONSCIOUSNESS
PRIORITY
4, ASIC AND ESSENTIAL
TREATMENT OF INJURIES
A Airwuy: CIeor if if bIocked
8 reuthing: Mouth to mouth resuscitution if victim not
breuthing
C CircuIution: Sfop bIeeding by oppIying direcf pressure,
prevenf shock, CPP
8urns
rocfures
A - Airwoy
Check for breuthing: puf your foce cIose fo fhe cosuoIfy's
moufh, ond Iook, Iisfen ond feeI for breofhing:
Look for chesf movemenfs.
Listen for sounds of breofhing.
FeeI for breofh on your cheek.
How fo open fhe oirwoy:
Non truumu putients: Chin Iiff
Truumu putients: Jow fhrusf moneuver
Chin Iiff ond Jow fhrusf
The recovery position
Unconscious cosuoIfies
shouId be pIoced in fhe
recovery posifion fo
prevenf fhe fongue
bIocking fhe fhroof
ond oIIows Iiquid fo
droin from fhe moufh.
This is besf Ieorned fhrough procficoI
exercises.
- breuthing
ArtificiuI breuthing:
Poise fhe chin sIighfIy,
pinch fhe nose ond give Z
quick breofhs (I-b
seconds/breofh) in fo fhe
cosuoIfys moufh.
EvoIuofe effecf by Iook,
Iisfen ond feeI.
C - circuIution
8Ieeding is cIossified occording fo fhe fype of bIood
vesseI fhof is domoged: orfery or vein.
ArteriuI bIeeding: Spurfing of brighf red bIood
(richIy oxygenofed) under pressure
Venous bIeeding: SIow, sfeody bIeeding of Iow
pressure, dork red bIood (poorIy oxygenofed)
Severe eternuI bIeeding
The ropid Ioss con Ieod fo shock or deofh in o very
shorf period of fime so if musf be confroIIed
speediIyl
8Ieeding of fhe foce ond neck moy obsfrucf fhe
oirwoy.
Pemember fhof shock moy weII deveIop ond fhe
cosuoIfy moy Ioose consciousness.
Your oims ore:
fo confroI fhe bIeeding
fo prevenf shock
ControI of bIeeding
Treutment of bIeeding
Pemove or cuf cIofhing
AppIy direct pressure over fhe wound
If fhe wounding body (i.e. knife or buIIef ) is sfiII
incorcerofed in fhe wound, do nof exfrocf if
Poise ond supporf on injured Iimb
AppIy o cIeon pod or sferiIe dressing, bondoge if
in pIoce firmIy
Secure ond supporf fhe injured porf
Look for heIp ond check periodicoIIy fhe
circuIofion
CusuuIty treutment
If moy heIp fo Ioy fhe
cosuoIfy down. This
wiII reduce bIood
fIow fo fhe sife of
injury, ond
minimi;e shock.
Chest inguries und ubdominuI inguries
Chesf injuries:
CIeor oirwoy if obsfrucfed
SeoI open sucking wounds wifh hond or ofher oirfighf moferioI
DO MOT fry fo remove ony objecfs fhof mighf be sficking ouf of fhe wound
AbdominoI injuries:
Cover wound wifh dressings
Loy pofienf on bock, wifh knees up ond heod ond shouIders roised
DO MOT remove debris from fhe wound
DO MOT push in profruding infesfines
DO MOT give food, drink or poinkiIIers
Checking of puIse
The preferred mefhod fo
defecf fhe puIse of o
cosuoIfy, is on fhe neck.
I. eeI for fhe Adom's oppIe wifh fwo
fingers, sIide your fingers bock
fowords you info fhe gop befween
fhe Adom's oppIe ond fhe sfrop
muscIe, ond feeI for fhe corofid
puIse.
Z. eeI for fen seconds before
deciding fhof fhe puIse is obsenf.
3. If if is, proceed wifh C.P.P
CPP
CARDIO PULMONARY RESCUSITATION - CPR
If puIse is present und breuthing not uctive,
odminisfer venfiIofions for one minufe (fen
venfiIofions), before checking ogoin fhe corofid
puIse.
If puIse is ubsent, proceed CPP (Ib/Z
compressions/venfiIofions) - no sfop.
If puIse is present check for breofhing, ensure
free oirwoy.
CPR technique {1 or Z First-Aiders}
I. Idenfify fhe correcf posifion
for fhe honds foIIow from fhe
IeveI of fhe Iowesf rib, meosure
upwords o disfonce of Z fingers
oIong fhe chesf bone. PIoce fhe
boII of fhe hond on fhis posfion
ond odd fhe ofher hond on fop.
Z. ive Ib chesf compressions.
Pefurn fo fhe heod ond give Z
venfiIofions, fhen Ib furfher
compressions
If fhere ore fwo firsf-oiders, fhe
one giving chesf compressions
shouId sef fhe ryfhm by
counfing ouf Ioud fhe poce.
Correct CPR position
Shock
CIinicoI shock occurs when fhere is reduced bIood circuIofing fhrough
fhe body.
The moin couse of shock is subsfonfioI Ioss of bIood, which resuIfs in
on inodequofe suppIy of oxygen fo fhe body fissues.
A person suffering from shock needs immediofe offenfionl
Recognition: fhere moy be poIIor, coId ond cIommy skin, ropid ond weok
puIse, poin, fhirsf, confusion, resfIessness ond irrifobiIify -
possibIy Ieoding fo coIIopse ond unconsciousness.
PIoce fhe cosuoIfy in o semi-prone posifion wifh fhe Iegs eIevofed
Ensure free oirwoy
Ieep fhe cosuoIfy worm
Acf coImIy ond reossuringIy
Do nof give onyfhing fo drink
urns
The moin couses of burns ore:
ire, dry heof, corrosive subsfonces ond fricfion
Wef heof, hof Iiquids ond vopors
I. Exfinguish fhe burn wifh Iorge omounf of Iiquid,
I0 minufes or more.
Z. Check oirwoy, breofhing, puIse. 8e prepored fo resuscifofe.
3. enfIy remove ony rings, wofches, beIfs, shoes, or smoIdering
cIofhing
4. Cover fhe injury wifh o sferiIe burns sheef or ofher suifobIe
moferioI. Use o cIeon pIosfic bog for o burned hond or foof.
Do nof droin ony bIisferl
Fructures
Fructure recognition:
DifficuIfy in moving o Iimb
Poin of or neor fhe sife of injury
LocoI disforfion, sweIIing ond bruising
Shorfening, bending, or fwisfing of fhe Iimb
Signs of shock
CIosed fructure treutment:
Do nof move fhe cosuoIfy unfiI fhe injured porf is secured ond supporfed
Supporf fhe injured porf
ImmobiIi;e joinfs obove ond beIow o frocfure sife wifh o spIinf
Open fructure treutment:
Cover fhe wound ond oppIy pressure fo confroI fhe bIeeding
If bone is profruding, buiId up pods of soff, non fIuffy moferioI oround fhe bone
Do nof press down direcfIy on o profruding bone end
ImmobiIi;e os for o cIosed frocfure, eIevofe fhe injured porf
Check fhe circuIofion beyond fhe bondoging every I0 minufes
Upper Iimb fructures
Supporf fhe orm ogoinsf fhe frunk wifh o sIing ond, if
necessory, bondoging.
In cose of frocfured coIIor bone, disIocofed shouIder, severe
shouIder sproin, frocfured upper orm, injuries oround fhe
eIbow, ond fo fhe foreorm ond wrisf proceed os foIIows:
Sif fhe cosuoIfy down, genfIy sfeody ond supporf fhe injured
sife ocross fhe chesf
Ask him/her fo supporf fhe orm
Supporf fhe orm in o sIing ond secure fhe Iimb fo fhe
cosuoIfy's chesf
Tronsporf fhe cosuoIfy in o siffing posifion
StubiIizution of upper Iimb fructures
Lower Iimb fructures
Injuries fo fhe hip, fhigh or Iower Ieg:
Loy fhe cosuoIfy genfIy down: osk onofher heIper fo sfeody
ond supporf fhe injured Iimbs
ImmobiIi;e fhe Iimb by spIinfing if fo fhe uninjured Iimb
enfIy bring fhe cosuoIfy's sound Iimb oIongside fhe injured
one
StubiIizution of Iower Iimb fructures
, SAFE EVACUATION OF THE
CASUALTY FROM DANSER AREA
Remember| Never move u cusuuIty with suspected spinuI
ingury unIess ussisted by medicuI personneI,
Excepfions:
Life-fhreofening sifuofion
Af o moss-cosuoIfy incidenf
If fhe originoI posifion of fhe cosuoIfy prevenfs you from
esfobIishing ond ensuring o free oirwoy
Proceed with etreme cuution if you suspect u neck or spinuI
ingury|
Humun crutch
Drugging method
ConcIuding remurks
Any questions ?