BONDED FUEL-ENERGY OPERATION IN FOUR STROKE ENGINE

Presented by E. KENNET MARSHAL (3rd Mech.) A. SURIYA (3rd Mech.)

E-Mail ID : mailtosuriya88@yahoo.com

ARULMIGU KALASALINGAM COLLEGE OF ENGG.

ANAND NAGAR, KRISHNAN KOIL 626 110. VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT.

CONTENTS

LPG COMPRESSED AIR WITH SOLAR ENERGY WHY SUPER CHARGERS ? LOCATION OF COMPRESSED AIR WITH FUEL OPERATION OF DUAL FUEL ENGINE OPERATION SKETCH SOLAR HEAT REGULATOR COMPRESSION RATIO COMBUSTION DESIGN LUBRICATION

ABSTRACT
The primary motto of this test analysis deals with the new revolution of producing the low maintenance cost and meagre pollute 4 stroke vehicles, especially cars. One of the another interesting aspect is also hidden over this test analysis regarding the fuel operation and efficiency. secret for solar aspirated fuel. This test analysis moves in-depth to the low fuel cost and power strokes. Satisfaction is guaranteed regarding the mileage and vehicle maintenance. Specially designed dual fuel operation engine is analyzed with the incorporation of super chargers and compressed air for increasing the B.M.E.P. and compression ratios. The operational sketches and analysis will give a satisfactory idea regarding the manufacture of advanced IC engines for maintaining low maintenance cost and pollution in cars. The operation of supercharger for LPG fuel and the compressed air concept and its ultimate

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

Now a days gas filling stations are predominantly located in the cities. Its main composition is propane small proportion of butane and ethane, with pentane in heavier vapour form. Propane has high octane number, burns more maintenance cost. Propane is gaining as a gasoline substitute because it costs 60% of petrol and gives 90% mileage of its fellow gasoline. clearly and saves

COMPRESSED AIR WITH SOLAR ENERGY

The purpose of compressed air to use he is Since because of airs inherent efficiency. The facts are : Air is every where Air contains solar energy Compressing air is a simple process that makes its internal energy heat. The energy wasted in compressing air takes the form of heat which acts as engine fuel and is conservable for reuse. Two step process in Design efficiency (i.e) compressing and expanding air creater two opportunities to introduce effective design measures to conserve energy. Means of expanding air can be provided to use more of available before exhausting it by way of relatively efficient air engine. Means of conserving compressor work can be used by compressed air.

The idealization of conserving expansion potential is to expand the compressed air so slowly so that its pressure never goes down, since the heat pushes pistons is replaced by ambient heat absorbed from the surroundings. Now by considering the merits of these two fuels, it is passed to the superchargers through the carburettor.

WHY SUPERCHARGER?

Since it is merely a compressor that provides denser charge to the engine, there by enabling the consumption of greater mass of charge with same total displacement. Compressor used Centrifugal type.

EFFECT PRODUCED BY SUPERCHARGER

The super charger is only utilised for the liquefied petroleum gas and not for the compressed air concept. Since because of the possibility of ignition inside the supercharger when both of the fuels are in contact. The turbulent effect. Created by the super charger assists in additional mixing of fuel and air particles. The temperature of the charge is raised as it is compressed, resulting in high temperature within the cylinders.

LOCATION OF COMPRESSED AIR WITH SOLAR ENERGY FUEL

Simultaneously, the compressed air is directed with solar source separately in IC Engine and it is essential to make the setup that the solar heat should not have the contact with LPG before entering into the cylinder of IC Engine.

OPERATION OF DUAL FUEL ENGINE.

This setup is primarily produced for cars with the IC engine as S.I type. Compressed air with solar heat enters and on the other hand the LPG from the carburettor also supplied during the suction. Stroke, the piston moves from TDC to BDC. It is to be noted that the air fuel mixture (i.e) solar heat with LPG and a proportion of compressed air is passed. The exhaust valve remains closed.

At the compression stroke the piston moves to the TDC, The pressure of the mixture and rises in the cylinder to about 38 bar and 6500c also the heat by the solar and the correct proportion of compressed air is evoked. The sparkplug ignites the spark and due to the compression, excess heat by the solar and the burning of LPG leads to the throw of the piston from IDC to BDC. Now better power stroke is obtained.

GRAPH I: For the supercharged and solar operated engine compression stroke is higher than that of naturally aspirated engine. GRAPH II

From the graph it is clear that the lowest curve indicates the theoretical temperature rise with increased pressure ratio. The boost pressure increases so does the discharge air temperature. Here the compression air templates with an intake temperature 22oc. Pressure ratio = 1.6 bar and 62oc Theoretical supercharged and solar energy operated. (constant volume) pv diagram. The upper loop (2-3-4-5-6-2) in proportional to useful work performed by combustion on piston, where as small loop area (0-1-2-7-0) which is the measure of work done in inducing fresh charge into the cylinder. It is essential to use 6 cylinder, V type engine with alloy block and head longitudinal type. Since because of obtaining the raise in cylinders break mean effective pressure. Also the actual increase in brake mean effective pressure is basically determined by the level of boost pressure supercharged system is designed to deliver. Dual engine

SOLAR HEAT REGULATOR

The purpose of the regulator to control the flow of heat inside the cylinder at a temperature of 450oc to 480oc is sufficient when it is operated with the LPG fuel.

EFFECT OF COMPRESSION RATIO OVER THESE DUAL FUEL ENGINEES:

Considering the stroke to bore Ratio : L:D must be 1.4:1 also oversquare. L<D, (i.e) L:D ratio here it should be

For the raise of pressure to 38 bar and temperature to 650oc, the compression ratio increases over 10:1. The B.M.E.P generated increases to around 13.2 bar as regarding the graph. It is wellknown that raise of the engine compression ratio is due to the increased density of air fuel mixture at the point of ignition, So that when the energy is released from the piston stroke at compression it is better utilised again. Hence the thermal efficiency and power developed gets rises.

COMBUSTION DESIGN
Due to the increase in compression, tremendous heat is liberated, that may leads to the decrease in mechanical efficiency. Hence it is essential.

1. 2. 3. 4.

To make the smallest ratio of chamber surface area to chamber volume. Quenching provision for mixture to prevent overheating. To incorporate the cooling for exhaust value for burning ocurance. F-head combusting chamber is preferable. Since because of better thermal and volumetric efficiency.

LUBRICATIONS
The rate of compression stroke is more according to the design of this dual fuel engine. When the rate of compression increases, the heat generation in also increased. This is what we need. But it may creates the problems over engine. 1. 2. Chance of friction and wear to the piston and cylinder. Fuel economy due to combustion

The kind of lubrications suggested are 1. 2. 3. Grade 20 w/40 SAE 30 multigrade oil

Full pressure lubrication system is well suited for this engine. This system

favours for high bearing pressure and rubbing speeds. Nourishes the crankshaft, camshaft and cylinder walls.

CONCLUSION
The mixing of two alternative fuels such that the LPG and solar heat will definitely increase the stroke efficiency upto 92% (i.e) The mileage of 17km/lit due to the maximum reach of combustion at power stroke. This contributes the low pollution factor and low maintenance cost with better economy. This test analysis will definitely help to improve the emission and pollution control that is often happening in the automobile industries now a days due to the increase of vehicles in the countries. Hence the primary task of the engineers challenge that is reduction of the capital and running cost of engine can be easily achieved by the method of superchargers and compressed air technique analysis.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Compressed air usages Paresh S. Prakash (IEEE) Member Superchargers Multi displinary engineers of Indian Association Solar energy Member Solar Energy Society of India.