DETERMINANTS OF LEARNING 1. Learners are categorized according to: a. Growth and development b. Stages of development c. Individual differences 2.

Growth and Development Defined: a. Growth is the acquisition of more knowledge which often results in maturation. b. Development is the orderly, durable changes in a learner resulting from a combination of learning, experience and maturation. 3. Factors influencing intellectual development a. Maturation is the biological changes in individuals that result from interaction of their genetic make-up with the environment. b. Experience refers to observing, encountering, or undergoing of things generally as these occur in the course of time. c. Learning is the acquisition of knowledge, abilities, habits, attitudes, values and skills. 4. Stages of Development a. Infancy. Sensorimotor stage (0-1 Year). Focuses on reflex behavior as a determinant of sensory and motor capacities; thinking is limited and has no object in memory. b. Toddler. Preoperations stage (1-3 Years). characterized by perceptual dominance. A child who can classify objects into toys and non-toys is performing a mental operation. c. Pre-schooler. Perceptual intuitive thought (3-7 Years). the child tends to accommodate more information and change their ideas to fit reality. d. School-age. Concrete operations stage (7-11 Years). Advancement in the ability to think logically and ability to overcome preoperational deficiencies. e. Pubescent or adolescent. Formal operational thought (12-18 Years). They have logical thinking and scientific reasoning. 5. Aspects influencing individual differences a. Intelligence b. Multiple intelligences c. Emotional intelligence d. Socioeconomic status e. Culture f. Gender differences g. At-risk students 6. Intelligence Also known as aptitude 7. Theory of Multiple Intelligences The theory states that the traditional notion of intelligence, based on I.Q. testing, is far too limited. Stated eight (8) various intelligences: a. Verbal word smart

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b. Logical-mathematical intelligence logical or number smart c. Spatial intelligence picture smart d. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence body smart e. Musical intelligence music smart f. Interpersonal intelligence people smart g. Intrapersonal intelligence self smart h. Naturalist intelligence nature smart Emotional intelligence The students emotional awareness and ability to handle feelings indicates her success and happiness in all walks of life. Socioeconomic status or SES Is a measure of a familys societal position as determined by family income, its members occupation, and level of education which may affect a learners learning potentials and motivation. Culture Refers to the attitudes, values, customs, and behavior patterns that characterize a social group. Gender differences Refer to the different treatment of boys from girls as imposed by cultural practices or society itself. At-Risk students These are students in danger of failing to complete their education even if they have the learning potential and excel in it. Maslows hierarchy of needs Categorized into two (2): a. Deficiency needs b. Growth needs Other learning needs a. The need for competence b. The need for control and self-determination c. The need to achieve