Anti hypertensive Drugs

Def
A drug that reduces high blood pressure Is the chronic state of elevated pressure in the arteries. A person with blood pressures consistently above the normal range (120/80 mm Hg) is said to have hypertension .

Antihypertensive drugs Capoten

Captopril is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, kidney problems caused by diabetes, and to improve survival after a heart attack.

Dyazide

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps prevent your body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention.

Catapres

Clonidine lowers blood pressure by decreasing the levels of certain chemicals in your blood. This allows your blood vessels to relax and your heart to beat more slowly and easily. Clonidine is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). It is sometimes used together with other blood pressure medications.

Aldatazide

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps prevent your body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention.

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that also prevents your body from absorbing too much salt and keeps your potassium levels from getting too low. The combination of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone is used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or a kidney disorder called nephrotic syndrome. This medication also treats high blood pressure (hypertension).

Plendil

Felodipine is in a class of drugs called calcium channel blockers. Felodipine relaxes (widens) your blood vessels (veins and arteries), which makes it easier for the heart to pump and reduces its workload. Felodipine is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure).

Mechanism of Action Capoten

The mechanism of action of CAPOTEN has not yet been fully elucidated. Its beneficial effects in hypertension and heart failure appear to result primarily from suppression of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system. However, there is no consistent correlation between renin levels and response to the drug. Renin, an enzyme synthesized by the kidneys, is released into the circulation where it acts on a plasma globulin substrate to produce angiotensin I, a relatively inactive decapeptide. Angiotensin I is then converted by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to angiotensin II, a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor substance. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, thereby contributing to sodium and fluid retention.

CAPOTEN prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibition of ACE, a peptidyldipeptide carboxy hydrolase. This inhibition has been demonstrated in both healthy human subjects and in animals by showing that the elevation of blood pressure caused by exogenously administered angiotensin I was attenuated or abolished by captopril. In animal studies, captopril did not alter the pressor responses to a number of other agents, including angiotensin II and norepinephrine, indicating specificity of action. ACE is identical to ''bradykininase'', and CAPOTEN may also interfere with the degradation of the vasodepressor peptide bradykinin. Increased concentrations of bradykinin or prostaglandin E2 may also have a role in the therapeutic effect of CAPOTEN. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II and increased plasma renin activity (PRA), the latter resulting from loss of negative feedback on renin release caused by reduction in angiotensin II. The reduction of angiotensin II leads to decreased aldosterone secretion, and, as a result, small increases in serum potassium may occur along with sodium and fluid loss. The antihypertensive effects persist for a longer period of time than does demonstrable inhibition of circulating ACE. It is not known whether the ACE present in vascular endothelium is inhibited longer than the ACE in circulating blood.

Plendil
Felodipine is a member of the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel antagonists (calcium channel blockers). It reversibly competes with nitrendipine and/or other calcium channel blockers for dihydropyridine binding sites, blocks voltage-dependent Ca++ currents in vascular smooth muscle and cultured rabbit atrial cells, and blocks potassium-induced contracture of the rat portal vein. In vitro studies show that the effects of felodipine on contractile processes are selective, with greater effects on vascular smooth muscle than cardiac muscle. Negative inotropic effects can be detected in vitro, but such effects have not been seen in intact animals. The effect of felodipine on blood pressure is principally a consequence of a dose-related decrease of peripheral vascular resistance in man, with a modest reflex increase in heart rate. With the exception of a mild diuretic effect seen in several animal species and man, the effects of felodipine are accounted for by its effects on peripheral vascular resistance.

Side effects Capoten

Decreased sense of taste, rash, swelling, rapid weight gain.

Dyazide
Cramps, labored breathing, drowsiness, irritated stomach,

muscle pain or weakness; slow, fast, or uneven heartbeat; feeling drowsy, restless, or light-headed;

Catapres
Dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation

Plendil
Diarrhea; dizziness; headache; mild swelling of gums; nausea; weakness.

Aldactazide
Constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; fatigue; headache; loss of appetite; nausea; stomach upset; weakness

Brand name & Generic name Capoten

Brand Names: Capoten Generic Name: Captopril (Pronunciation: KAP toe pril) Dyazide Brand Names: Dyazide, Maxzide, Maxzide-25 Generic Name: hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene (Pronunciation: hye dro klor oh THY a zide and trye AM ter een)

Catapres
Brand Names: Catapres Generic Name: Clonidine (oral) (Pronunciation: KLOE ni deen)

Plendil
Brand Names: Plendil Generic Name: Felodipine (Pronunciation: fe LOE di peen)

Aldactazide
Brand Names: Aldactazide Generic Name: hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone (Pronunciation: HYE dro KLOR oh THY a zide and spir ON oh LAK tone)